Experimental Investigation of The Properties of Laminated Nonwovens Used for Packaging of Powders in Mineral Warmers

AbstractThe study involved laminated nylon and viscose nonwovens, both perforated and non-perforated, with a view to using them for packaging of powders in mineral warmers. The nonwovens were examined in terms of morphology as well as tensile strength in dry and wet states. Thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out in a broad range of temperatures. Surface wettability and water vapor permeability were assessed. The findings were analyzed to determine the utility of the studied materials as mineral warmer packaging materials in cold work or living environments.

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Examining the Influence of Re–Used Nanofiller—Pyrolyzed Montmorillonite, on the Thermal Properties of Polypropylene–Based Engineering Nanocomposites

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12162636 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 2636

Author(s):

Tomasz M. Majka ◽

Oskar Bartyzel ◽

Konstantinos N. Raftopoulos ◽

Joanna Pagacz ◽

Krzysztof Pielichowski

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽

Control Sample ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Stabilization Effect ◽

Polypropylene Melt ◽

Better Than

Pyrolysis of the polypropylene/montmorillonite (PP/OMMT) nanocomposites allows for recovery of the filler that can be then re–used to produce PP/pyrolyzed MMT (PMMT) nanostructured composites. In this work, we discuss the thermal properties of PP/PMMT composites investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). It has been found that effect of PMMT (5 wt. % and 10 wt. %) on matrix thermal stability occurs at temperatures above 300 °C. Addition of 5 wt. % and 10 wt. % of PMMT into polypropylene system gave good stabilization effect, as confirmed by the overall stabilization effect (OSE) values, which increased by 4% and 7%, respectively, compared to the control sample (PP). Interestingly, the presence of 1 wt. % and 3 wt. % of pyrolyzed clay stabilizes the system better than the same concentrations of organoclay added into polypropylene melt. DSC data revealed that pyrolyzed clay has still the same tendency as organoclay to enhance formation of the α and β crystalline PP phases only. The pyrolyzed MMT causes an improvement of the modulus in the glassy as well as rubbery regions, as confirmed by DMA results.

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Thermal properties of a series of tetrafunctional fluorene-based oxazines/P-a blends

High Performance Polymers ◽

10.1177/0954008316671791 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (10) ◽

pp. 1139-1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zi Sang ◽

Tiantian Feng ◽

Wenbin Liu ◽

Jun Wang ◽

Mehdi Derradji

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽

Primary Amines ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

High Glass Transition Temperature ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Good Thermal Stability

A new series of aniline and aniline-mixed tetrafunctional fluorene-based oxazine monomers were synthesized using 2,7-hydroxy-9,9-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, paraformaldehyde, and primary amines (including aniline or aniline mixed with n-butylamine or n-octylamine composition). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to characterize the structure of the monomers. The copolymers were obtained by adding the monomers into a typical monofunctional polybenzoxazine (phenol-aniline-based benzoxazine). Differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical analysis were performed to study the thermal properties of the copolymers. The copolymers exhibited high glass transition temperature values (164–201°C). A good thermal stability was also obtained with a 5% weight loss temperature over 355°C and high char yields at 800°C (42–50%).

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Physical Properties of Composite Films from Tilapia Skin Collagen with Pachyrhizus Starch and Rambutan Peel Phenolics

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md17120662 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 662

Author(s):

Yongliang Zhuang ◽

Shiyan Ruan ◽

Hanghang Yao ◽

Yun Sun

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Active Food Packaging ◽

Skin Collagen

Different composite films composed of tilapia skin collagen (TSC) with Pachyrhizus starch (PS) or rambutan peel phenolics (RPP) were prepared, and the physical properties of these films were determined. The effects of PS and RPP on TSC films were investigated, and our results indicated that PS and RPP could improve the physical properties of TSC films. Opacity and film thickness showed an enhanced trend with increasing PS and RPP contents in TSC films, whereas solubility in water, elongation-at-break (EAB), and water vapor permeability (WVP) showed declining trends. TSC film with 10% PS and 0.5% RPP had the highest tensile strength, and the tensile strength dropped drastically when the content of PS and RPP increased. The light transmittances of the films could decrease with the incorporation of PS and RPP. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrated that the addition of PS and RPP improved the thermal stability of TSC films. In addition, X-ray diffraction indicated that the crystallinity of the films decreased and the amorphous structure of the films tended to become more complex with the addition of PS and RPP. As shown by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, PS and RPP can strongly interact with TSC, resulting in a modification of its structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that there was a good compatibility between TSC, PS, and RPP. The results indicated that TSC film incorporated with 10% PS and 0.5% RPP was an effective method for improve the physical properties of the film. TSC–PS–RPP composite films can be used not only in biomedical applications, but also as active food packaging materials.

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Physical Properties of Banana Stem and Leaf Papers Laminated with Banana Film

Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST) ◽

10.48048/wjst.2019.3471 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 753-763

Author(s):

Natcharee JIRUKKAKUL

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Environment Impact ◽

Lamination Process ◽

Banana Flour ◽

Stems And Leaves

A sustainable development requires the use of bio-based packaging materials because of ready availability and limited environment impact. The porous structure and hydrophilic nature of cellulose in paper based materials needs to be combined or laminated with other materials to overcome these limitations. The fiber found in the banana stems and leaves, it is possible to use these raw materials in pulp processing and banana flour can be produced into an edible film. The aim of the study was to discover a suitable method (wet lamination or dry lamination) for producing paper (stems, leaves, or a 1:1 ratio of mixed stems and leaves) lamination with banana film and to study their physical properties for packaging application. Banana flour (4 %) solution was used as adhesive media between paper and film for wet lamination process where as the heating and compression were applied for dry lamination process. The results showed the efficiency of banana stems for paper production. However, there was an improvement in results when a 1:1 ratio of mixed stems and leaves was used due to an increase in tensile strength, elongation, and the L value. There was no significance in the water vapor permeability in all treatments. All treatments of paper lamination expressed 6 - 13 % moisture content. The separation of film and paper layers occurred in dry lamination samples. The wet lamination of the leaf paper and mixed paper caused high tensile strength and elongation. Therefore, it could be used as an alternative and environmentally friendly method in the application of packaging materials.

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Starch–PVA Nanocomposite Film Incorporated with Cellulose Nanocrystals and MMT: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2015-0145 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 37-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Nooshin Noshirvani ◽

Babak Ghanbarzadeh ◽

Hadi Fasihi ◽

Hadi Almasi

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Moisture Sorption ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Nanocrystalline Cellulose ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Abstract The goal of this work was to compare the barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties of two types of starch–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites. Sodium montmorillonite (MMT) and nanocrystalline cellulose were chosen as nanoreinforcements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) test showed well-distributed MMT in the starch–PVA matrix, possibly implying that the clay nanolayers formed an exfoliated structure. The moisture sorption, solubility and water vapor permeability (WVP) studies revealed that the addition of MMT and nanocrystalline cellulose reduced the moisture affinity of starch–PVA biocomposite. At the level of 7 % MMT, the nanocomposite films showed the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) (4.93 MPa) and the lowest strain to break (SB) (57.65 %). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed an improvement in thermal properties for the starch–PVA–MMT nanocomposites, but not for the starch–PVA–NCC nanocomposites. Results of this study demonstrated that the use of MMT in the fabrication of starch–PVA nanocomposites is more favorable than that of nanocrystalline cellulose to produce a desirable biodegradable film for food packaging applications.

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Preparation and properties of waterborne siloxane-containing polyurethane for moisture permeable textile coating

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2011.11.1.750 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Haibo Lei ◽

Yunjun Luo ◽

Zhen Ge ◽

Xiaomeng Li ◽

Shengpeng Wang

Keyword(s):

Hard Segment ◽

Soft Segment ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Coated Fabric ◽

Soft Segments ◽

Textile Coating

AbstractWaterborne siloxane-containing polyurethanes (WSPU) were prepared by polyaddition reaction using poly(tetramethylene oxide)glycol (PTMG), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and α,ω-aminopropyl polydimethylsiloxane (APDMS) as mixing soft segments; 2,2-di(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, as a hydrophilic chain extender; 1,4-butanediol and isophorone diisocyanate as hard segment; triethylamine as a neutralization agent. The thermal properties of WSPU films were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanical properties of WSPU film were also investigated. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was examined according to GB_T 12704-1991. The DSC and DMA results indicated that there is a micro-phase separation in the WSPU film. The incorporation of APDMS into PU made the thermal stability of hard segment worse while that of soft segment better. The elasticity of WSPU was improved when the APDMS content was not more than 10%, the vapor permeability of coated fabric increased firstly and then decreased as the APDMS content increased, which was resulted from the hydrophilicity change and microstructure change of membrane. When 10% APDMS was incorporated into the WSPU, the WVP of coated fabric was 2130.15 g/(m2·24h), equal to one coated with a widely used solvent-based PU sample (UECCOAT), and the water resistance (WR) reached 30.0 KPa.

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Thermophysical and Mechanical Properties of β-Tricalcium Phosphate Reinforced Polyhydroxybutyrate and Polyhydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxyvalerate Composites

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.1217 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 334-335 ◽

pp. 1217-1220 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ya Liu ◽

Min Wang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Biodegradable Composite

Two series of bioactive and biodegradable composite materials consisting of particulate β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and its copolymer polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) were produced and investigated for bone tissue repair. A manufacturing route employing injection moulding was established for producing the biomedical composites. In the process, plates of composites containing 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% by volume of micro-sized TCP particles were successfully injection moulded for both TCP/PHB and TCP/PHBV composites. Thermal properties of as-produced TCP/PHB and TCP/PHBV composites were systematically evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical performance of TCP/PHB and TCP/PHBV composites was assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).

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Development of green MMT-modified hemicelluloses based nanocomposite film with enhanced functional and barrier properties

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.14.4.8029-8047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 8029-8047

Author(s):

Kassim M. Haafiz ◽

Owolabi F. A. Taiwo ◽

Nadhilah Razak ◽

Hashim Rokiah ◽

Hussin M. Hazwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

A biocomposite was successfully prepared by blending montmorillonite (MMT)/hemicellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) through solution casting. The composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results displayed good compatibility between the mixtures of the blended MMT/hemicellulose and CMC due to the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. There was an improvement in the thermal analysis through their thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical properties (tensile strength and tensile modulus),and water vapor permeability (WVP). The best values of tensile strength and tensile modulus of 47.5 MPa and 2.62 MPa, respectively, were obtained from 60H-40CMC-MMT nanocomposite films. The results showed that the mixture of the blended MMT/hemicelluloses and CMC produced a robust nanocomposite film with improved physical and mechanical properties, demonstrating that it is a promising candidate for green packaging applications.

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Improved Processing and Properties for Polyphenylene Oxide Modified by Diallyl Orthophthalate Prepolymer

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11122016 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2016

Author(s):

Honghua Wang ◽

Qilin Mei ◽

Yujie Ding ◽

Zhixiong Huang ◽

Minxian Shi

Keyword(s):

Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Dilution Effect ◽

Gradual Decrease ◽

Gel Point ◽

Dynamic Mode ◽

Curing Process ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Polyphenylene Oxide

Diallyl orthophthalate (DAOP) prepolymer was investigated as a reactive plasticizer to improve the processability of thermoplastics. The rheology of blends of DAOP prepolymer initiated by 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane (DMDPB) and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) was monitored during the curing process, and their thermal properties and morphology in separated phases were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the cure degree of the reactively plasticized DAOP prepolymer was reduced with increasing PPO due to the dilution effect. The increasing amount of the DAOP prepolymer led to a gradual decrease in the viscosity of the blends and the rheology behavior was consistent with the chemical gelation of DAOP prepolymer in blends. This indicated that the addition of the DAOP prepolymer effectively improved processability. The phase separation occurring during curing of the blend and the transition from the static to dynamic mode significantly influences the development of the morphology of the blend corresponding to limited evolution of the conversion around the gel point.

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Development of PE/PCL Bilayer Films Modified with Casein and Aluminum Oxide

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26113090 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (11) ◽

pp. 3090

Author(s):

Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽

Ana Rešček ◽

Zvonimir Katančić ◽

Zlata Hrnjak-Murgić

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Aluminum Oxide ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Oxide Compound ◽

Bilayer Films ◽

Oxide Particles

The studied samples were prepared from polyethylene (PE) polymer which was coated with modified polycaprolactone (PCL) film in order to obtain bilayer films. Thin PCL film was modified with casein/aluminum oxide compound to enhance vapor permeability as well as mechanical and thermal properties of PE/PCL films. Casein/aluminum oxide modifiers were used in order to achieve some functional properties of polymer film that can be used in various applications, e.g., reduction of water vapor permeability (WVTR) and good mechanical and thermal properties. Significant improvement was observed in mechanical properties, especially in tensile strength as well as in water vapor values. Samples prepared with aluminum oxide particles indicated significantly lower values up to 60%, and samples that were prepared with casein and 5% Al2O3 showed the lowest WVTR value.

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