scholarly journals A Content Analysis of International Airline Alliances Mission Statements

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Hoon Seo
Keyword(s):  
Practical Implication ◽  
Mission Statements ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Primary Component ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Value Sharing ◽  
Airline Alliances ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
International Airline ◽  
Organizational Value

AbstractBackground: Mission statements have come to play an important role as tools for organizational value sharing.Objectives: This study aims to shed light on what types of values are highlighted in international airline alliance members’ mission statements, and whether there are significant differences or not.Methods/Approach: Quantitative content analyses have been conducted with the goal to investigate mission statements of 61 members of international airline alliances: Star Alliance, SkyTeam, and oneworld.Results: Frequency test outcomes reveal that “philosophy”, “self-concept” and “location” are the predominant components in oneworld, “philosophy” is the primary component in SkyTeam, and “philosophy” and “customer” are the focal components of Star Alliance. According to chi-square tests, Star Alliance members emphasize “customer” more often than others do, and oneworld members highlight “profitability” more often. One-way Anova tests with a post hoc analysis reveal that Star Alliance members cover more components than SkyTeam.Conclusions: The theoretical implication of these findings is that they reveal the existence of unique values among international airline alliances members offering a competitive advantage. As a practical implication, these findings will be helpful for international airline alliances and airline managers for comparative purposes.

scholarly journals Dynamic smile evaluation in different skeletal patterns

2016 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noshi Siddiqui ◽  
Pradeep Tandon ◽  
Alka Singh ◽  
Jitesh Haryani
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Width Change ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cephalometric Measurements ◽  
Horizontal Pattern

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate dynamic smile in different skeletal patterns and to correlate vertical smile parameters with the underlying causative factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants ranging in age from 16–25 years were selected and divided into one of three groups—horizontal, average, and vertical skeletal pattern—using the following three cephalometric parameters: SN-MP, FMA, and Jarabak ratio. Videographic records of smile were obtained, and measurements were recorded and analyzed at rest, including upper lip length, and during smile, including maxillary incisal display, interlabial gap, intercommisural width, change in upper lip length, and smile arc. Differences among the three groups were subjected to two-way analysis of variance and post hoc and chi-square tests for smile arc. Correlations between vertical smile variables and vertical skeletal (N-ANS, N-Me) and dental cephalometric measurements (U1 to palatal plane) were also investigated. Results: Vertical parameters were significantly increased in the vertical pattern when compared with the horizontal pattern, ie, upper lip length (P < .01), maxillary incisal display (P < .001), interlabial gap (P < .001), and change in upper lip length (P < .001), whereas intercommisural width was significantly decreased in vertical pattern when compared with the horizontal pattern (P < .001). Flat smile arc was seen more frequently in the horizontal pattern. Positive correlations were found between the N-Me, U1-PP, and change in upper lip length with vertical smile parameters. Conclusions: Different skeletal patterns exhibit their characteristic smile features. Upper lip length is not responsible for increased incisal display during smile. Increased incisal display during smile is more closely associated with upper lip elevation than vertical skeletal and dental factors.

Evaluation of the effect of cetrimide with edta on Microhardness and surface changes in root dentin – An invitro study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Dr. Swarooparanil Patil ◽  
Dr. B.S. Keshava Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Hardness Values ◽  
Surface Changes

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of cetrimide with or without EDTA solution on the microhardness and surface changes in root dentin. Single rooted human mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated and sectioned longitudinally. The root segments were horizontally embedded in autopolymerizing resin. These specimens were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups according to the irrigating solution used. The irrigating solutions used were 5% EDTA, 5%EDTA + 0.25% Cetrimide, 5%EDTA + 0.50% Cetrimide, 0.25% Cetrimide, 0.50% Cetrimide and distilled water. Each group was further divided into two subgroups. First subgroup specimens were employed for microhardness testing using vicker’s indenter. Second subgroup specimens were used to evaluate the surface changes of root dentin under stereomicroscope. Comparison of the mean microhardness of test groups was done using ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey’s test. Pre- and post- treatment hardness values were compared using student paired t test. The data obtained from surface erosion scoring was subjected to statistical analysis using Chi square test. Results of this study showed significant reduction in the microhardness of dentin for all the groups except for the distilled water (p<0.001). The greatest reduction in dentin microhardness was observed with Group-3 (5% EDTA + 0.50% CTR). Specimens in 5% EDTA group showed greater erosion than other groups. Within the limitations of this study it was concluded that all the tested irrigating solutions reduced the microhardness of root dentin except distilled water. Maximum reduction in microhardness was observed with addition of 0.50% cetrimide to EDTA. EDTA increased the surface roughness of root dentin irrespective of cetrimide association. Use of cetrimide at concentrations higher than 0.25% would be detrimental to the microhardness of dentin.

scholarly journals A demographic analysis of consumers’ preference for green products

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Bashiru Jibril ◽  
Michael Adu Kwarteng ◽  
Miloslava Chovancova
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Green Product ◽  
Green Products ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Strength Of Association

Purpose – the aim of this research is to understand and present the outcomes of the strength of association between consumers and the use of the green (herbal) product from a demographic viewpoint. By extension, it measures the magnitude of dependents among demographic factors influencing the use of the green product in a developing country. Research methodology – to evaluate consumer’s demographics on the use of the green (herbal) product, 207 participants took part in the survey through a structured questionnaire. Data were obtained from users of green products (specifically herbs) in Ghana. A nonparametric test precisely chi-square test (x2) and Spearman's correlation rs were employed for our empirical analysis. Findings – the paper indicated the youthful population as the highest number of users of the green product in the herbal market. Results from the nonparametric test (Spearman’s rho) revealed that demographic factors (gender, age, education, and occupation) have an inverse relationship on the use of the green product. Whiles the chi-square test also discloses insignificant relationships among the observed attributes. This suggests that there is no empirical evidence to support the claim that use of green product depends on demographic factors of consumers. Research limitations – the limitation of this study considered the research scope, taking into account a smaller sample size for the study hence, future researchers should expand the sample size as well the other demographic variables necessary for a similar study. Practical implications – the practical implication of this study gives insights to practitioners and marketers in the herbal industry on how best they can progress in their quest to sustain in the business. Originality/Value – the present study aided in widening the scope of consumer behaviour towards the green product in the marketing discipline taken into consideration the widespread competition in the business nowadays especially in the herbal (green product) market

scholarly journals IMAJINASI IDENTITAS ORANG JEMBER: WACANA PENDALUNGAN BESERTA EFEKNYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Fahma Filbarkah Aziz ◽  
Imam Setyobudi ◽  
Sriati Dwiatmini
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Theoretical Implication ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The People

ABSTRAK Permasalahan penelitian adalah mengapa wacana tentang pendalungan dimunculkan berulang-ulang dan bagaimana efek kuasa/pengetahuan dari sisi lain wacana pendalungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menjelaskan kuasa/pengetahuan dalam rangka pembentukan identitas orang Jember melalui pewacanaan pendalungan dan menjelaskan efek yang timbul dari wacana. Manfaat teoritisnya dalam mengembangkan kajian antropologi tentang konsep identitas berkaitan pendalungan beserta efeknya, khususnya dalam pembentukan identitas dengan pendekatan wacana kuasa/pengetahuan. Manfaat praktisnya sebagai masukan kepada masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam melakukan pengembangan tentang identitas warga Jember. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif menggunakan instrumen studi pustaka dan wawancara. Populasi penelitian adalah seniman, akademisi dan sejarawan. Variabel penelitian berupa identitas, imajinasi dan multikultural. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa identitas bukan lahir dari sebuah situasi yang harmoni dan keseimbangan, melainkan pergulatan,kontestasi, benturan, beradu argumen dan wacana, pergesekan, dinamis dan produktif. Berkaitan dengan itu, simpulan penellitian ini bahwa identitas bukan suatu hal yang tetap melainkan bersifat lentur dan cair atau beragam.Kata Kunci: Pendalungan, imajinasi, identitas, wacana ABSTRACT The research problem formulated within this study is the question of why the pendalungan discourse was repreatedly surfaced and how is the influence of power/knowledge from the other side of this very discourse. This study seeks to unfold the essence of power/knowledge in forming the identity of the people of Jember through the pendalungan discourse as well as to provide an elaboration of the resulted effect from said discourse. The theoretical implication of this study would be the development of anthropological studies concerning the identity and influence of pendalungan, particularly on the formation of identity through the approach of power/knowledge discourse. As for the practical implication, the outcome of this study could serve as a form of valid recommendation both for the people and government in pursuing the development of the identity of Jember people. Drawing upon artists, academics, and historians as the population, this study made use of qualitative approach as the main method as well as literature review and interview as the instrument. A number of variables involved within this study were identity, imagination, and multiculturalism. The result of the study revealed that identity is not to be regarded as an entity born from a harmonious and balanced situation, rather, from an atmosphere that is full of struggles, contestation, clashes, conflicts of arguments and discourse, frictions between parties, dynamics, as well as productivity. From this point, this study embarked upon a conclusion that identity is not something that is fixed or rigid, but flexible and diverse.Keywords: Pendalungan, imagination, identity, discourse

scholarly journals N-Acetyl Cysteine Ameliorates Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Methotrexate in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1008-1010
Author(s):  
Aamna Khokhar ◽  
Iram Kehkashan Khurshid ◽  
Sadia Lodhi ◽  
Alia Sarfaraz ◽  
Muhammad Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ethical Review ◽  
Trial Methodology ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Respective Treatment ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Liver is not only involved in maintaining homeostasis but also exhibits significant role in metabolism and detoxification of various drugs and toxins. Aim: To explore the hepato-protective role of N-acetylcysteine against methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Study design: Randomized controlled trial. Methodology: This study having mice (n=18) was carried out after ethical review committee’s (ERC) approval at Foundation university medical college in collaboration of National institute of health, Islamabad in 2017. Single intraperitoneal injection (20mg/kg) of methotrexate induced hepato-toxicity. Hepatoprotective effect was assessed by oral administration N-acetylcysteine (50mg/kg) alone with methotrexate. The extent of liver damage and effect of protective agents were determined by measuring serum ALT, AST, ALP after 24 hours of respective treatment. Liver samples were taken for histological analysis. One way ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Tukey test was applied for multiple comparisons of biochemical markers between the groups. Histopathological findings were analyzed by Chi Square test. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Significant (p < 0.05) hepatotoxicity was seen with substantial elevation in serum ALT, AST and ALP with methotrexate. N-acetylcysteine attenuated the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity significantly (p < 0.05). The histopathological examination showed mild steatosis along with focal pleomorphism in the liver of mice that received methotrexate in comparison to group treated with N-acetylcysteine and methotrexate though minimal inflammation was seen. Conclusion: We concluded that N-acetylcysteine ameliorates the methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity on when used concomitantly. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, N-acetylcysteine and Methotrexate

scholarly journals Associations Between Amantadine Usage, Gait, and Cognition in PSP: A post-hoc Analysis of the Davunetide Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L. Dale ◽  
Barbara H. Brumbach ◽  
Adam L. Boxer ◽  
Amie L. Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Group Status ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Neuropsychological Status ◽  
Post Hoc

Introduction: Amantadine anecdotally improves gait in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) but definitive data is lacking. We investigated associations between amantadine usage, gait, cognition, and activities of daily living in 310 subjects with PSP using data from the davunetide trial.Method: We compared baseline demographics, PSP Rating Scale (PSPRS), Repeat Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living (SEADL) scores between subjects taking vs. not taking amantadine using chi-square tests for categorical variables and independent sample t-tests for continuous variables. Using the general linear model (GLM), we tested whether group status predicted total PSPRS, PSPRS-gait and midline, total RBANS, RBANS-attention, and SEADL before and after the 52-weeks follow-up.Results: Subjects taking vs. not taking amantadine were similar at baseline, except subjects taking amantadine had a higher Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Score (p = 0.01). However, the CGI change score did not differ between groups at week 52 (p = 0.10). Using GLM models (controlling for covariates), we found that subjects taking vs. not taking amantadine did not significantly predict total PSPRS, PSPRS-gait and midline, total RBANS, RBANS-attention, or SEADL at baseline, week 52, or the change score between baseline and week 52.Discussion: This post-hoc analysis of the davunetide trial did not find an association between amantadine and gait or cognitive measures in PSP, but was not powered to find such a difference. Future studies should still examine amantadine for symptomatic benefit in multiple PSP subtypes.

scholarly journals Later Risk of Wheezing/Asthma and Allergy in Offspring of 2 Vitamin D (VitD) Pregnancy Cohorts: Post Hoc Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1096
Author(s):  
Carol Wagner ◽  
Myla Ebeling ◽  
Judy Shary ◽  
John Baatz ◽  
Danforth Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chi Square ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives Maternal vitD deficiency as defined by circulating 25(OH)D concentration is linked with certain adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g., preterm birth) and childhood outcomes (e.g., asthma), with the effect seemingly more pronounced if deficiency occurs earlier in pregnancy. OBJ: Assess the long-term effect of maternal and neonatal vitD status on later risk of childhood allergy, wheezing and/or asthma to 4 yrs. It was hypothesized that deficiency earlier in pregnancy would have a significant effect on risk that would continue during pregnancy. Methods In this follow-up post hoc analysis of women and their offspring enrolled in 1 of 2 pregnancy vitD supplementation trials (NICHD, n = 348 and Kellogg Foundation, n = 298), women were randomized to either 400, 2000 or 4000 IU vitD/day (NICHD) at 12–16 wks’ or 400 or 4400 IU/day at 10–14 wks’ (Kellogg). Baseline then monthly 25(OH)D concentration as the primary outcome in both studies and as the indicator of vitD status was measured by RIA until delivery. Neonatal vitD status was measured in cord blood. Follow-up data on the offspring were available through 4 yrs using an EMR with ICD-9 and 10 codes for eczema, wheezing and/or asthma. Student's t-test was used to analyze differences in mean 25(OH)D and eczema, wheezing, and asthma. Chi-square analyses were used to test for differences in incidence of 25(OH)D below 20, 30, and 40 and eczema, wheezing, and asthma. Results In NICHD Pregnancy, 326/348 (93.7%) offspring had EMR data available: 48 (14.7%) had eczema; 32 (9.8%) had wheezing; and 48 (14.7%) had asthma. In Kellogg Pregnancy, 205/298 (68.8%) had EMR data available; 36 (17.6%) had eczema; 14 (6.8%) had wheezing; and 10 (4.9%) had asthma. Maternal baseline 25(OH)D &lt; 30 ng/mL was associated with eczema (P = 0.024) and asthma (P = 0.035) by age 4 yrs. Neonatal 25(OH)D was inversely associated with eczema (P = 0.01) and asthma by age 4 (P = 0.0012). When dichotomized, neonates with 25(OH)D &lt; 20 ng/mL had a significantly higher risk of eczema (P = 0.02) and asthma (P = 0.004) and those below 40 ng/mL had a higher risk of eczema (P = 0.03). Conclusions In this combined cohort of pregnant women and their offspring, both maternal and neonatal vitD status were associated with later allergy, wheezing and asthma risk. Efforts to improve maternal vitD status may have later significant consequences on childhood health outcomes. Funding Sources NIH/NICHD/NCATS.

Post Hoc Procedures for Some K-Sample Nonparametric Tests for Scale

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Penfield ◽  
Stephen L. Koffler
Keyword(s):  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Population Variability ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bartlett Test ◽  
Nonparametric Alternatives ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Multiple Comparison Procedures

Post hoc multiple comparison procedures useful in assessing differences in population variability are formulated for three nonparametric alternatives to the parametric Bartlett test. The three nonparametric tests are the generalized Puri K-sample extensions of the Siegel-Tukey, Mood, and Klotz tests. Theory surrounding the development of these post hoc procedures is outlined and is based upon the chi-square analog to Scheffé’s theorem. An example illustrating an application of the methodology is presented.

Effect of communication skills based group counseling on mothers’ sex dialogue with their adolescent daughters

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebe Ziaei ◽  
Maryam Ghanbari Gorji ◽  
Naser Behnampour ◽  
Masumeh Rezaei Aval
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Group Counseling ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mother And Daughter ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
And Control

AbstractBackgroundSex dialogue is one of the most critical and challenging topics between mothers and adolescents. The knowledge and skills of mothers in sex dialogue with their daughters are essential. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of group counseling based on communication skills on mothers through their sex dialogue with their daughters.MethodsA randomized controlled field trial was conducted on 168 couples of mothers and their daughters selected by the stratified matching method and randomly divided into two control and intervention groups. The mothers in the intervention group participated in a communication-based consultation in groups consisting of 6–12 people for 6–7 weekly sessions, each one lasting 60 min. The data collection tool was a Persian-translated questionnaire by Jaccard for sex dialogue between mother and daughter. The data were analyzed using Chi-square (χ2), ANOVA with repeated measures and modified post hoc Bonferroni tests.ResultsThere was a significant difference in the mean score of mother-daughter sex dialogue 1 week after intervention between the intervention (34.48 ± 8.74) and control (40.44 ± 9.49) groups (p = 0.001) and 1 month after the intervention between the intervention (30.41 ± 10.07) and control (42.47 ± 9.62) groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionThrough applying communication skills, an increase in mother-daughter sex dialogue frequency was observed after group counseling. Therefore, it is suggested to promote mother-daughter communication skills by accessing the mothers via schools, health centers and with the aid of midwifery counselors, midwives and other trained caretakers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document