scholarly journals Effect of the Recyclate on a Deflection of Composites in Bending

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Panasiuk ◽  
Lesław Kyzioł ◽  
Grzegorz Hajdukiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Water Cutting ◽  
Glass Recycling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dial Indicator ◽  
Composite Samples

AbstractThe aim of the research was to determine the effect of polyester-glass recyclate on the deflection of composite samples subjected to three-point bending. The polyester-glass recyclate was obtained from the part of the ship’s hull made of polyester-glass composite, constituting scrap metal. The pieces of scrap were pre-fragmented and then processed into a prepared stand for this purpose. Such a fragmented recycling will be used to make composites with different scrap / recycled content. For this purpose, research materials were made using the vacuum bag method with the percentage of 0%, 10% and 20% recyclate) as well as various granulation (i.e. 1.2 mm and 3.0 mm). The research material consisted of rectangular plates with a thickness corresponding to the thickness of the samples. The samples for testing were made by water cutting. The tests were carried out on a suitably prepared stand, which was made of a universal Zwick Roell testing machine and three-point bending handles and a dial indicator. The spacing of the supports has been determined in accordance with the binding standard for three-point bending. Obtained results from tests, i.e. strain, stress, deflection, deformation allowed analysing the impact of recyclate on bending strength and defining the deflection arrow. Based on the results obtained from three-point bending, it can be concluded that the polyester-glass recycling has an influence on the decrease of strength, stress and deflections of the tested composites.

scholarly journals Knitted Meshes for Reinforcing Building Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4(136)) ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Mikołajczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Pieklak ◽  
Aleksandra Roszak
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Relative Elongation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Concrete Mass ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Technical Textiles

Modern technical textiles, including knitted fabrics, are widely used in the construction industry. Regarding textiles in concrete reinforcement, methods based on shredded fibres, meshes, reinforcing mats, woven textiles and knitted DOStapes are frequently used as underlays of concrete constructions. Textiles are also used in the reinforcement of fibrous FRP composites. The research presented focused on producing composites made of MapeiMapefill concrete mass with reinforcement in the form of three variants of knitted meshes made of 228 tex polyamide threads, polypropylene threads of 6.3 tex and 203 tex glass threads, as well as identification of their mechanical properties. The mesh variant made of glass fibre is especially noteworthy, as its strength is more than three times higher than that of polyamide meshes. At the same time, a very small relative elongation of 3% is observed for this variant of knitted fabric, which is a desired property regarding the comparatively low stretching extension of concrete. In the process of making the composites, the adhesion of the concrete mass to the surface of the threads was analyzed. For this purpose, a "Sopro HE449" type agent was used. Composite beams were subjected to a three-point bending strength analysis on a testing machine. The results of strength measurements of the composites obtained prove that those with glass fibres demonstrate a threefold increase in strength compared to the original concrete beam.

Low-Velocity Impact Properties of Polyurethane Composites Reinforced with Warp-Knit Spacer Fabric

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Si Chen
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Spacer Fabric ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Strain Stress ◽  
Spacer Fabrics ◽  
Polyurethane Composites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Composite Samples

Eight kinds of polyurethane (PU)-matrix composite samples were prepared by impregnating the warp-knit spacer fabrics with flexible PU foam. An impact test was carried out to investigate the influence of fabric structure parameters on the compression behaviors and energy-absorption efficiency of the composites. By using finite element (FE) analysis and ANSYS software, the unit cell models of the composites were built to simulate the impact responses and get strain-stress curves. Comparison of FE simulation and experimental curves showed good consistency between them.

Effect of Sintering Systems and Colloidal Silica Sols on the Mechanical Properties of Oriented Silica-Based Ceramic Core Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 418-420
Author(s):  
Jian Bo Yu ◽  
Zhong Ming Ren ◽  
B.Q. Wang ◽  
Y.W. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Test System ◽  
Ceramic Core ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Point Bend ◽  
Silica Sols ◽  
Temperature Test

A series of silica -based ceramic cores sintered at 1150°C, 1200°C for different times were prepared, and this study compared the three-point bending strength of room temperature and 900°C with commercially available colloidal silica sols systems. Three-point bend specimens 60 × 10 × 4 mm were cast by vacuum hot pressing and tested in a special mechanical testing machine with high temperature test system of ceramics. The effect of sintering systems and colloidal silica sols on the mechanical properties of ceramic core was discussed. It could be concluded that specimens sintered at 1150°C for 5h have an obtainable maximum bending strength and those immersed in colloidal silica sols contents showed doubled bending strength in the present research.

scholarly journals Kekuatan Mekanis Antibacterial Resin Campuran Titanium Dioksida

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 227
Author(s):  
Azamataufiq Budiprasojo ◽  
Feby Erawantini
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Acrylic Resin ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pendulum Impact

<p class="Abstract">The aim of this research is to analyze the effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as resin concentrate on mechanical strength. The tested mechanical strength is Bending strength, Impact Strength, and Microhardenest Strength. The types of resin used in this study were acrylic resin without conventional modification and acrylic resin with an additional 0.01 gr and 0.06 gr of TiO2. Specimen dimensions are made revered to ISO 20795-1 (2008) standard specifications. Mechanical strength was determined by using the universal testing machine, Izod pendulum impact testing machine, and also Vickers microhardness tester. From the analysis, the researcher found that the bending strength of resin acrylic was greatly decreased by increasing the TiO2 concentration. It happens in both TiO2 0.01gr and 0.06gr of acrylic resin compared to the non TiO2 resin. The impact strength of 0.01gr TiO2 acrylic resin was significantly increased compared to non TiO2 acrylic resin. But on the other hand for 0.06gr acrylic resin, impact strength was decreased and recorded the lowest impact strength. The highest Micro hardness strength was found in 0.06gr TiO2, It is significantly increased compared to 0.01gr TiO2 and 0gr TiO2. The general conclusion is, adding 0.01gr TiO2 nanoparticles as concentrated into acrylic resin can significantly increase the bending strength, bending strength, and microhardness strength. Meanwhile, adding 0.06gr Tio2 nanoparticles as concentrated into acrylic resin can only increase the bending strength and the microhardness strength, but not for its impact strength.</p>

Investigation of the Deformation Twins on the Bending Cross Section of TA2 Titanium Sheet

2020 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Shuai Sun ◽  
Kai Hua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Titanium Sheet ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Deformation Twins ◽  
Ebsd Technique ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Deformation Area

In order to determine the evolution features of deformation twins for TA2 commercial pure titanium (cp-TA2), the TA2 samples were bent under different bending angles in three-point bending tests via a universal testing machine. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was applied to identify the grain boundaries (GBs) and twin boundaries (TBs) in the bending areas. The results reveal that the type of deformation area would effect the evolution of different deformation twins. It is inferred that the state of stress would promote the multiplication of the same type of deformation twins.

Static and dynamic response of sandwich beams with lattice and pantographic cores

2021 ◽  
pp. 109963622110338
Author(s):  
Yury Solyaev ◽  
Arseniy Babaytsev ◽  
Anastasia Ustenko ◽  
Andrey Ripetskiy ◽  
Alexander Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Plane Geometry ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Impact

Mechanical performance of 3d-printed polyamide sandwich beams with different type of the lattice cores is investigated. Four variants of the beams are considered, which differ in the type of connections between the elements in the lattice structure of the core. We consider the pantographic-type lattices formed by the two families of inclined beams placed with small offset and connected by stiff joints (variant 1), by hinges (variant 2) and made without joints (variant 3). The fourth type of the core has the standard plane geometry formed by the intersected beams lying in the same plane (variant 4). Experimental tests were performed for the localized indentation loading according to the three-point bending scheme with small span-to-thickness ratio. From the experiments we found that the plane geometry of variant 4 has the highest rigidity and the highest load bearing capacity in the static tests. However, other three variants of the pantographic-type cores (1–3) demonstrate the better performance under the impact loading. The impact strength of such structures are in 3.5–5 times higher than those one of variant 4 with almost the same mass per unit length. This result is validated by using numerical simulations and explained by the decrease of the stress concentration and the stress state triaxiality and also by the delocalization effects that arise in the pantographic-type cores.

Effects of hostile solutions on the static and dynamic behavior of carbon/epoxy composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110200
Author(s):  
H Ersen Balcıoğlu ◽  
Raif Sakin ◽  
Halit Gün
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Laminated Composites ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Solution Type

Fiber-reinforced laminated composite is often used in harsh environments that may affect their static stability and long-term durability as well as residual strength. In this study, the effect of heavy chemical environments such as acid and alkaline and retaining time for these environments on flexural strength and flexural fatigue behavior of carbon/epoxy laminated composites were investigated. In this context, carbon/epoxy was retained into an acidic and alkaline solution having 5%, 15%, and 25% concentration by weight for 1–4 months. Fatigue behavior of carbon/epoxy was determined under dynamic flexural load, which corresponds to 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, and 40% of static three-point bending strength of the test sample. SEM image of damaged specimens was taken to describe the failure mechanism of damage which occurs after fatigue. Also, to better understand environmental condition on the fatigue life, results were compared with results of carbon/epoxy laminated composites, which were not retained into any environments (unretained). The test results showed that the solution type, solution concentration, and retaining time caused noticeable changes in the static and dynamic strengths of carbon/epoxy laminated composites.

scholarly journals Chlorine-Functional Silsesquioxanes (POSS-Cl) as Effective Flame Retardants and Reinforcing Additives for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3979
Author(s):  
Anna Strąkowska ◽  
Sylwia Członka ◽  
Karolina Miedzińska ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Fire Retardant ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
One Step

The subject of the research was the production of silsesquioxane modified rigid polyurethane (PUR) foams (POSS-Cl) with chlorine functional groups (chlorobenzyl, chloropropyl, chlorobenzylethyl) characterized by reduced flammability. The foams were prepared in a one-step additive polymerization reaction of isocyanates with polyols, and the POSS modifier was added to the reaction system in an amount of 2 wt.% polyol. The influence of POSS was analyzed by performing a series of tests, such as determination of the kinetics of foam growth, determination of apparent density, and structure analysis. Compressive strength, three-point bending strength, hardness, and shape stability at reduced and elevated temperatures were tested, and the hydrophobicity of the surface was determined. The most important measurement was the determination of the thermal stability (TGA) and the flammability of the modified systems using a cone calorimeter. The obtained results, after comparing with the results for unmodified foam, showed a large influence of POSS modifiers on the functional properties, especially thermal and fire-retardant, of the obtained PUR-POSS-Cl systems.

Mechanical Response of Porous Copper Manufactured by Lost Carbonate Sintering Process

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 1863-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.F. Tao ◽  
Li Ping Zhang ◽  
Y.Y. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Compaction Pressure ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption Capacity ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Porous Copper ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the mechanical response of porous copper manufactured by LCS under three-point bending and Charpy impact conditions. The effects of the compaction pressure and K2CO3 particle size used in producing the porous copper samples and the relative density of the samples were studied. The apparent modulus, flexural strength and energy absorption capacity in three-point bending tests increased exponentially with increasing relative density. The impact strength was not markedly sensitive to relative density and had values within 7 – 9 kJ/m2 for the relative densities in the range 0.17 – 0.31. The amount of energy absorbed by a porous copper sample in the impact test was much higher than that absorbed in the three-point bending test, impling that loading strain rate had a significant effect on the deformation mechanisms. Increasing compaction pressure and increasing K2CO3 particle size resulted in significant increases in the flexural strength and the bending energy absorption capacity, both owing to the reduced sintering defects.

Effect of Spark Plasma Sintering on the Microstructure Evolution and Properties of M3:2 High-Speed Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Xiao Gang Diao ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
Xiao Nan Du ◽  
Guo Ding Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
The Impact

Effects of sintering temperatures on the microstructure and mechanical performance of SPS M3:2 high speed steel prepared by spark plasma sintering was studied. High speed steel sintering curve of continuous heating from ambient temperature to 1200°C was estimated to analyze the sintering processes and sintering temperature range. The sintering temperature within this range was divided into groups to investigate hardness, relative density and microstructure of M3:2 high-speed steel. Strip and quadrate carbides were observed inside the equiaxed grains. SPS sintering temperature at 900°C can lead to nearly full densification with grain size smaller than 20μm. The hardness and bending strength are higher than that of the conventionally powder metallurgy fabricated ones sintered at 1270°C. However, fracture toughness of the high speed steel is lower than that of the conventional powder metallurgy steels. This can be attributed to the shape and distribution of M6C carbides which reduce the impact toughness of high speed steels.

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