scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Comparative Analysis of the Use of Subtractive and Additive Technologies in the Manufacturing of Offshore Machinery Components

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Mariusz Deja ◽  
Mieczysław Stanisław Siemiątkowski ◽  
Dawid Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Cnc Milling ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Offshore Industry ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

AbstractThe dynamic development of additive manufacturing technologies, especially over the last few years, has increased the range of possible industrial applications of 3D printed elements. This is a consequence of the distinct advantages of additive techniques, which include the possibility of improving the mechanical strength of products and shortening lead times. Offshore industry is one of these promising areas for the application of additive manufacturing. This paper presents a decision support method for the manufacturing of offshore equipment components, and compares a standard subtractive method with an additive manufacturing approach. An analytic hierarchy process was applied to select the most effective and efficient production method, considering CNC milling and direct metal laser sintering. A final set of decision criteria that take into account the specifics of the offshore industry sector are provided.

scholarly journals Adhesion Studies during Generative Hybridization of Textile-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites via Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3888
Author(s):  
Johanna Maier ◽  
Christian Vogel ◽  
Tobias Lebelt ◽  
Vinzenz Geske ◽  
Thomas Behnisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Contact Angle Measurements ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Generative hybridization enables the efficient production of lightweight structures by combining classic manufacturing processes with additive manufacturing technologies. This type of functionalization process allows components with high geometric complexity and high mechanical properties to be produced efficiently in small series without the need for additional molds. In this study, hybrid specimens were generated by additively depositing PA6 (polyamide 6) via fused layer modeling (FLM) onto continuous woven fiber GF/PA6 (glass fiber/polyamide 6) flat preforms. Specifically, the effects of surface pre-treatment and process-induced surface interactions were investigated using optical microscopy for contact angle measurements as well as laser profilometry and thermal analytics. The bonding characteristic at the interface was evaluated via quasi-static tensile pull-off tests. Results indicate that both the bond strength and corresponding failure type vary with pre-treatment settings and process parameters during generative hybridization. It is shown that both the base substrate temperature and the FLM nozzle distance have a significant influence on the adhesive tensile strength. In particular, it can be seen that surface activation by plasma can significantly improve the specific adhesion in generative hybridization.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Masks for Powders and Viruses Safety Protection Using Food Grade Polymers: Empirical Tests

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Ruben Foresti ◽  
Benedetta Ghezzi ◽  
Matteo Vettori ◽  
Lorenzo Bergonzi ◽  
Silvia Attolino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Biological Safety ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Safety Protection ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The production of 3D printed safety protection devices (SPD) requires particular attention to the material selection and to the evaluation of mechanical resistance, biological safety and surface roughness related to the accumulation of bacteria and viruses. We explored the possibility to adopt additive manufacturing technologies for the production of respirator masks, responding to the sudden demand of SPDs caused by the emergency scenario of the pandemic spread of SARS-COV-2. In this study, we developed different prototypes of masks, exclusively applying basic additive manufacturing technologies like fused deposition modeling (FDM) and droplet-based precision extrusion deposition (db-PED) to common food packaging materials. We analyzed the resulting mechanical characteristics, biological safety (cell adhesion and viability), surface roughness and resistance to dissolution, before and after the cleaning and disinfection phases. We showed that masks 3D printed with home-grade printing equipment have similar performances compared to the industrial-grade ones, and furthermore we obtained a perfect face fit by customizing their shape. Finally, we developed novel approaches to the additive manufacturing post-processing phases essential to assure human safety in the production of 3D printed custom medical devices.

scholarly journals Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Review on Recent Findings and Challenges in Industrial Applications and Materials Characterization

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Mukti Chaturvedi ◽  
Elena Scutelnicu ◽  
Carmen Catalina Rusu ◽  
Luigi Renato Mistodie ◽  
Danut Mihailescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
Modern Manufacturing ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a fusion manufacturing process in which the heat energy of an electric arc is employed for melting the electrodes and depositing material layers for wall formation or for simultaneously cladding two materials in order to form a composite structure. This directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) method is advantageous and efficient as it produces large parts with structural integrity due to the high deposition rates, reduced wastage of raw material, and low consumption of energy in comparison with the conventional joining processes and other additive manufacturing technologies. These features have resulted in a constant and continuous increase in interest in this modern manufacturing technique which demands further studies to promote new industrial applications. The high demand for WAAM in aerospace, automobile, nuclear, moulds, and dies industries demonstrates compatibility and reflects comprehensiveness. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the evolution, development, and state of the art of WAAM for non-ferrous materials. Key research observations and inferences from the literature reports regarding the WAAM applications, methods employed, process parameter control, optimization and process limitations, as well as mechanical and metallurgical behavior of materials have been analyzed and synthetically discussed in this paper. Information concerning constraints and enhancements of the wire arc additive manufacturing processes to be considered in terms of wider industrial applicability is also presented in the last part of this paper.

Rapid Prototyping Technology for Special Pressure Vessels

2018 ◽  
Vol 919 ◽  
pp. 222-229
Author(s):  
Jiří Šafka ◽  
Filip Veselka ◽  
Martin Lachman ◽  
Michal Ackermann
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Pressure Test ◽  
Polypropylene Material ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Made In

The article deals with the topic of 3D printing of pressure vessels and their testing. The main focus of the research was on a 3D model of the pressure vessel, which was originally designed for a student formula racing car project. The described virtual 3D model was designed with regard to 3D printing. The physical model was manufactured using several additive manufacturing technologies. The first technology was FDM using ULTEM 1010 material. The next technology was SLS (Selective Laser Sintering) using polyamide materials (PA3200GF and PA2220). The last technology was SLA (Stereolithography) using a polypropylene material (Durable). Experimental evaluation of the vessels was carried out by a pressure test, which verified the compactness of the 3D printed parts and their possible porosity. At the end of the article, a comparison of each printed model is made in terms of their final price and weight, together with pressure and thermal resistance.

scholarly journals Pilot Demonstration of Hot Sheet Metal Forming Using 3D Printed Dies

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5695
Author(s):  
Jaume Pujante ◽  
Borja González ◽  
Eduard Garcia-Llamas
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Press Hardening ◽  
Cooling Channels ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Conformal Cooling Channels ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Since the popularization of press hardening in the early noughties, die and tooling systems have experienced considerable advances, with tool refrigeration as an important focus. However, it is still complicated to obtain homogeneous cooling and avoid hot spot issues in complex geometries. Additive Manufacturing allows designing cavities inside the material volume with little limitation in terms of channel intersection or bore entering and exit points. In this sense, this technology is a natural fit for obtaining surface-conforming cooling channels: an attractive prospect for refrigerated tools. This work describes a pilot experience in 3D-printed press hardening tools, comparing the performance of additive manufactured Maraging steel 1.2709 to conventional wrought hot work tool steel H13 on two different metrics: durability and thermal performance. For the first, wear studies were performed in a controlled pilot plant environment after 800 hot stamping strokes in an omega tool configuration. On the second, a demonstrator tool based on a commercial tool with hot spot issues, was produced by 3D printing including surface-conformal cooling channels. This tool was then used in a pilot press hardening line, in which tool temperature was analyzed and compared to an equivalent tool produced by conventional means. Results show that the Additive Manufacturing technologies can be successfully applied to the production of press hardening dies, particularly in intricate geometries where new cooling channel design strategies offer a solution for hot spots and inhomogeneous thermal loads.

Using 3D Printers to Engage Students in Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-69
Author(s):  
Jim Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Student Inquiry

Is the primary purpose of a 3D printer to manufacture a product? Yes, but students and teachers can also use 3D printers to learn about and engage in research and experimentation. This could begin with product research and development, then expand to technical areas based on additive manufacturing technologies, the physical and mechanical properties of additive manufacturing materials, and the properties of 3D printed products. Student inquiry can take the form of formal or informal experimentation and observational studies. Although dedicated testing equipment can facilitate more demanding investigations, it is possible for quite a bit of experimentation to be done with little or no dedicated testing equipment. It is hoped that the reader will identify different educational experiences with experimentation that might fit their learners' needs and see 3D printers as tools for conducting and teaching about research, including product research and development and research into process engineering and materials.

scholarly journals Post-Processing of 3D-Printed Polymers

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
John Ryan C. Dizon ◽  
Ciara Catherine L. Gache ◽  
Honelly Mae S. Cascolan ◽  
Lina T. Cancino ◽  
Rigoberto C. Advincula
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
3D Printed

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an advancement over traditional formative manufacturing methods. It can increase efficiency in manufacturing operations highlighting advantages such as rapid prototyping, reduction of waste, reduction of manufacturing time and cost, and increased flexibility in a production setting. The additive manufacturing (AM) process consists of five steps: (1) preparation of 3D models for printing (designing the part/object), (2) conversion to STL file, (3) slicing and setting of 3D printing parameters, (4) actual printing, and (5) finishing/post-processing methods. Very often, the 3D printed part is sufficient by itself without further post-printing processing. However, many applications still require some forms of post-processing, especially those for industrial applications. This review focuses on the importance of different finishing/post-processing methods for 3D-printed polymers. Different 3D printing technologies and materials are considered in presenting the authors’ perspective. The advantages and disadvantages of using these methods are also discussed together with the cost and time in doing the post-processing activities. Lastly, this review also includes discussions on the enhancement of properties such as electrical, mechanical, and chemical, and other characteristics such as geometrical precision, durability, surface properties, and aesthetic value with post-printing processing. Future perspectives is also provided towards the end of this review.

Challenges and Approaches for Metrology of Additive Manufactured Lattice Structures by Industrial X-Ray Computed Tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 1161 ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Philip Sperling ◽  
Anton du Plessis ◽  
Gerd Schwaderer
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Design Element ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
New Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Industrial Ct ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Lattice structures can be highly complex imitating natural cellular materials. By the wide adoption of additive manufacturing technologies, lattice structures are a popular design element with many advantages for lightweight and highly functional parts. A detailed examination and an intense inspection of this type of new design element and this new production method is necessary to enable a broad industrialization. In this study we demonstrate how to use x-ray based industrial CT to measure lattice structures in additive manufacturing. This paper shows certain challenges and approaches for metrology on lattice structures. The results show significant deviations between designed and built parts, highlighting the need for quantification and non-destructive inspection.

Plastic and metal additive manufacturing technologies for microwave passive components up toKaband

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 772-782
Author(s):  
Johann Sence ◽  
William Feuray ◽  
Aurélien Périgaud ◽  
Olivier Tantot ◽  
Nicolas Delhote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Mode Converter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper illustrates the different possibilities given by additive manufacturing technologies for the creation of passive microwave hardware. The paper more specifically highlights a prototyping scheme where the 3D-printed plastic parts can be used as initial proofs of concept before considering more advanced 3D-printed parts (metal parts, for instance). First, a characterization campaign has been made on common plastics used by a 3D printer using the fused deposition modeling and material jetting (Polyjet©) technologies. The impact of the manufacturing strategy (high-speed or high-accuracy) on the part roughness, as well as on the dielectric material permittivity and loss tangent, has been specifically studied at 10 and 16 GHz. Based on a specifically optimized and deeply explained characterization method, the conductivity of a coating based on silver paint has also been characterized on such plastic parts at 10 and 40 GHz. These plastic materials and coating have been used for the creation of quasi-elliptic and tuning-free bandpass filters centered at 6 and 12 GHz and compared with a similar filter made of stainless steel by selective laser melting. Finally, a compact rectangularTE10to circularTE01mode converter also undergoes one prototyping step out of plastic before moving to an advanced part made out of stainless steel. This mode converter, which is made in a single part, is designed to operate from 28 to 36 GHz as a tuning-free final demonstrator.

Additive Manufacturing in Jewellery Design

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Telma Ferreira ◽  
Henrique A. Almeida ◽  
Paulo J. Bártolo ◽  
Ian Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Product Complexity ◽  
New Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Additive manufacturing has become a well-known and widely used process among engineers and designers within the past decade to respond to high levels of market demand and product complexity. The jewellery industry still works essentially on traditional fabrication methods to much time consuming and in some cases lacking efficiency compared to the quality of the end product. The inclusion of new technologies can be a solution to overcome these issues. Additive fabrication enables the fabrication of new products and geometries reducing manufacturing time, energy and labor costs. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of traditional manufacturing processes, such as Investment Casting, and proposes a new production method based on the use of advanced modeling and additive manufacturing. Three additive manufacturing technologies were used, such as selective laser sintering, stereolithography and 3D printing. A computational application for jewellery design is also presented to help manufactures and customers to fabricate novel jewellery pieces. This tool is based on a customization concept, which has been of increasing interest during recent years.

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