scholarly journals microRNAs: fine tuning of erythropoiesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Listowski ◽  
Elżbieta Heger ◽  
Dżamila Bogusławska ◽  
Beata Machnicka ◽  
Kazimierz Kuliczkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mirna Pathway

AbstractCell proliferation and differentiation is a complex process involving many cellular mechanisms. One of the best-studied phenomena in cell differentiation is erythrocyte development during hematopoiesis in vertebrates. In recent years, a new class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) emerged as important regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Thousands of miRNAs have been identified in various organisms, including protozoa, fungi, bacteria and viruses, proving that the regulatory miRNA pathway is conserved in evolution. There are many examples of miRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression in the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and in cancer genesis. Many of the collected data clearly show the dependence of the proteome of a cell on the qualitative and quantitative composition of endogenous miRNAs. Numerous specific miRNAs are present in the hematopoietic erythroid line. This review attempts to summarize the state of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in the regulation of different stages of erythropoiesis. Original experimental data and results obtained with bioinformatics tools were combined to elucidate the currently known regulatory network of miRNAs that guide the process of differentiation of red blood cells.

Epigenetic regulation mechanisms of microRNA expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Morales ◽  
Mariano Monzo ◽  
Alfons Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Regulate Gene

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of 18–25 nucleotides that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, development and carcinogenesis. Because of the central role of miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression, their expression needs to be tightly controlled. Here, we summarize the different mechanisms of epigenetic regulation of miRNAs, with a particular focus on DNA methylation and histone modification.

Regulation of gene expression during spermatogenesis at transcriptional level

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300-1307
Author(s):  
Xiu-Jun ZHANG ◽  
Mei-Ling LIU ◽  
Meng-Chun JIA
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Level

scholarly journals STAU2 protein level is controlled by caspases and the CHK1 pathway and regulates cell cycle progression in the non-transformed hTERT-RPE1 cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Condé ◽  
Yulemi Gonzalez Quesada ◽  
Florence Bonnet-Magnaval ◽  
Rémy Beaujois ◽  
Luc DesGroseillers
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cycle Progression

AbstractBackgroundStaufen2 (STAU2) is an RNA binding protein involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. In neurons, STAU2 is required to maintain the balance between differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells through asymmetric cell division. However, the importance of controlling STAU2 expression for cell cycle progression is not clear in non-neuronal dividing cells. We recently showed that STAU2 transcription is inhibited in response to DNA-damage due to E2F1 displacement from theSTAU2gene promoter. We now study the regulation of STAU2 steady-state levels in unstressed cells and its consequence for cell proliferation.ResultsCRISPR/Cas9-mediated and RNAi-dependent STAU2 depletion in the non-transformed hTERT-RPE1 cells both facilitate cell proliferation suggesting that STAU2 expression influences pathway(s) linked to cell cycle controls. Such effects are not observed in the CRISPR STAU2-KO cancer HCT116 cells nor in the STAU2-RNAi-depleted HeLa cells. Interestingly, a physiological decrease in the steady-state level of STAU2 is controlled by caspases. This effect of peptidases is counterbalanced by the activity of the CHK1 pathway suggesting that STAU2 partial degradation/stabilization fines tune cell cycle progression in unstressed cells. A large-scale proteomic analysis using STAU2/biotinylase fusion protein identifies known STAU2 interactors involved in RNA translation, localization, splicing, or decay confirming the role of STAU2 in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. In addition, several proteins found in the nucleolus, including proteins of the ribosome biogenesis pathway and of the DNA damage response, are found in close proximity to STAU2. Strikingly, many of these proteins are linked to the kinase CHK1 pathway, reinforcing the link between STAU2 functions and the CHK1 pathway. Indeed, inhibition of the CHK1 pathway for 4 h dissociates STAU2 from proteins involved in translation and RNA metabolism.ConclusionsThese results indicate that STAU2 is involved in pathway(s) that control(s) cell proliferation, likely via mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation, ribonucleoprotein complex assembly, genome integrity and/or checkpoint controls. The mechanism by which STAU2 regulates cell growth likely involves caspases and the kinase CHK1 pathway.

scholarly journals Rel Induces Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (IRF-4) Expression in Lymphocytes

2000 ◽  
Vol 191 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raelene J. Grumont ◽  
Steve Gerondakis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Interferon Regulatory Factor 4

In lymphocytes, the Rel transcription factor is essential in establishing a pattern of gene expression that promotes cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Here we show that mitogen-induced expression of interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 4 (IRF-4), a lymphoid-specific member of the IFN family of transcription factors, is Rel dependent. Consistent with IRF-4 functioning as a repressor of IFN-induced gene expression, the absence of IRF-4 expression in c-rel−/− B cells coincided with a greater sensitivity of these cells to the antiproliferative activity of IFNs. In turn, enforced expression of an IRF-4 transgene restored IFN modulated c-rel−/− B cell proliferation to that of wild-type cells. This cross-regulation between two different signaling pathways represents a novel mechanism that Rel/nuclear factor κB can repress the transcription of IFN-regulated genes in a cell type–specific manner.

scholarly journals Epigenomics of Plant’s Responses to Environmental Stress

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Function Activity

Genome-wide epigenetic changes in plants are being reported during the development and environmental stresses, which are often correlated with gene expression at the transcriptional level. Sum total of the biochemical changes in nuclear DNA, post-translational modifications in histone proteins and variations in the biogenesis of non-coding RNAs in a cell is known as epigenome. These changes are often responsible for variation in expression of the gene without any change in the underlying nucleotide sequence. The changes might also cause variation in chromatin structure resulting into the changes in function/activity of the genome. The epigenomic changes are dynamic with respect to the endogenous and/or environmental stimuli which affect phenotypic plasticity of the organism. Both, the epigenetic changes and variation in gene expression might return to the pre-stress state soon after withdrawal of the stress. However, a part of the epigenetic changes may be retained which is reported to play role in acclimatization, adaptation as well as in the evolutionary processes. Understanding epigenome-engineering for improved stress tolerance in plants has become essential for better utilization of the genetic factors. This review delineates the importance of epigenomics towards possible improvement of plant’s responses to environmental stresses for climate resilient agriculture.

scholarly journals Regulation of proton-translocating V-ATPases.

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Merzendorfer ◽  
R Gräf ◽  
M Huss ◽  
W R Harvey ◽  
H Wieczorek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Structural Domains ◽  
Sh Groups ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Membrane Spanning ◽  
Regulation Of Enzyme Activity

Vacuolar-type ATPases (V-ATPases) are proton-translocating enzymes that occur in the endomembranes of all eukaryotes and in the plasma membranes of many eukaryotes. They are multisubunit, heteromeric proteins composed of two structural domains, a peripheral, catalytic V1 domain and a membrane-spanning V0 domain. Both the multitude of locations and the heteromultimeric structure make it likely that the expression and the activity of V-ATPases are regulated in various ways. Regulation of gene expression encompasses control of transcription as well as control at the post-transcriptional level. Regulation of enzyme activity encompasses many diverse mechanisms such as disassembly/reassembly of V1 and V0 domains, oxidation of SH groups, control by activator and inhibitor proteins or by small signalling molecules, and sorting of the holoenzyme or its subunits to target membranes.

scholarly journals Human microRNAs in host–parasite interaction: a review

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujay Paul ◽  
Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez ◽  
Francisco I. Serrano-Cano ◽  
Carolina Estrada-Meza ◽  
Karla A. Solorio-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNA molecules with significant capacity to regulate the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in a sequence-specific manner either through translation repression or mRNA degradation triggering a fine-tuning biological impact. They have been implicated in several processes, including cell growth and development, signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response modulation. However, over the last few years, extensive studies have shown the relevance of miRNAs in human pathophysiology. Common human parasitic diseases, such as Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Amoebiasis, Chagas disease, Schistosomiasis, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Clonorchiasis, and Echinococcosis are the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, identifying and characterizing parasite-specific miRNAs and their host targets, as well as host-related miRNAs, are important for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of parasite-specific diseases at the molecular level. In this review, we have demonstrated the impact of human microRNAs during host−parasite interaction as well as their potential to be used for diagnosis and prognosis purposes.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Research in Stem Cell Bioengineering—Anti-Cancer Therapy, Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine in Human Clinical Trials

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Dompe ◽  
Krzysztof Janowicz ◽  
Greg Hutchings ◽  
Lisa Moncrieff ◽  
Maurycy Jankowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Stem Cell Engineering ◽  
Anti Cancer

The epigenome denotes all the information related to gene expression that is not contained in the DNA sequence but rather results from chemical changes to histones and DNA. Epigenetic modifications act in a cooperative way towards the regulation of gene expression, working at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, and play a key role in the determination of phenotypic variations in cells containing the same genotype. Epigenetic modifications are important considerations in relation to anti-cancer therapy and regenerative/reconstructive medicine. Moreover, a range of clinical trials have been performed, exploiting the potential of epigenetics in stem cell engineering towards application in disease treatments and diagnostics. Epigenetic studies will most likely be the basis of future cancer therapies, as epigenetic modifications play major roles in tumour formation, malignancy and metastasis. In fact, a large number of currently designed or tested clinical approaches, based on compounds regulating epigenetic pathways in various types of tumours, employ these mechanisms in stem cell bioengineering.

scholarly journals Inducible cell-specific mouse models for paired epigenetic and transcriptomic studies of microglia and astroglia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana J. Chucair-Elliott ◽  
Sarah R. Ocañas ◽  
David R. Stanford ◽  
Victor A. Ansere ◽  
Kyla B. Buettner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Type Specific

AbstractEpigenetic regulation of gene expression occurs in a cell type-specific manner. Current cell-type specific neuroepigenetic studies rely on cell sorting methods that can alter cell phenotype and introduce potential confounds. Here we demonstrate and validate a Nuclear Tagging and Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (NuTRAP) approach for temporally controlled labeling and isolation of ribosomes and nuclei, and thus RNA and DNA, from specific central nervous system cell types. Analysis of gene expression and DNA modifications in astrocytes or microglia from the same animal demonstrates differential usage of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in CpG and non-CpG contexts that corresponds to cell type-specific gene expression. Application of this approach in LPS treated mice uncovers microglia-specific transcriptome and epigenome changes in inflammatory pathways that cannot be detected with tissue-level analysis. The NuTRAP model and the validation approaches presented can be applied to any brain cell type for which a cell type-specific cre is available.

scholarly journals The influence of direct and indirect fibroblast cell contact on human myogenic cell behavior and gene expression in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie J. L. Bechshøft ◽  
Peter Schjerling ◽  
Michael Kjaer ◽  
Abigail L. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Myogenic Cell ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Primary Myoblasts ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation

Underpinning skeletal muscle plasticity is the interplay between many cell types, of which fibroblasts are emerging as potent players, both negatively in the development of fibrosis but also positively in stimulating muscle repair through enhancing myogenesis. The mechanisms behind this interaction however remain unknown. To investigate this, waste hamstring muscle tissue was obtained from eight healthy young men undergoing reconstructive anterior cruciate ligament surgery and primary myoblasts and fibroblasts were isolated. Myoblasts were cultured alone or with fibroblasts, either in direct or indirect contact (separated by an insert with a permeable membrane). The myogenesis parameters proliferation, differentiation, and fusion were determined from immunostained cells, while, in replicate samples, gene expression levels of GAPDH, Ki67, Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, myomaker, MHC-Iβ, TCF7L2, COL1A1, and p16 were determined by RT-PCR. We found only trends for an influence of skeletal muscle fibroblasts on myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation. While greater mRNA levels of GAPDH, Pax7, MyoD, myogenin, and MHC-Iβ were observed in myogenic cells in indirect contact with fibroblasts (insert) when compared with cells cultured alone, a similar effect of an empty insert was also observed. In conclusion we find very little influence of skeletal muscle fibroblasts on myoblasts derived from the same tissue, although it cannot be excluded that a different outcome would be seen under less optimal myogenic growth conditions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using passage one primary myoblasts and fibroblasts isolated from human skeletal muscle, we found only a trend for an effect of skeletal muscle fibroblasts on myogenic cell proliferation and differentiation. This is contrary to previous reports and raises the possibility that fibroblasts of different tissue origins exert distinct roles.

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