scholarly journals Necessity and Determinism in Robert Grosseteste’s De libero arbitrio

Studia Humana ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-176
Author(s):  
Marcin Trepczyński
Keyword(s):  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future 2 ◽  
Determinism And Indeterminism ◽  
As If

AbstractIn this paper, the theory of necessity proposed by Robert Grosseteste is presented. After showing the wide range of various kinds of determination discussed by him (connected with: (1) one’s knowledge about the future, (2) predestination, (3) fate, (4) grace, (5) sin and temptation), a different context of Grosseteste’s use of the notion of necessity is analyzed (within logical and metaphysical approaches). At the heart of his theory lie: the definition of necessity, which is that something lacks the capacity (posse) for its opposite, and the distinction between two perspectives within which we can consider necessity: (1) the one according to which the truthfulness of a dictum determines that it cannot be the opposite, (2) a pre- or atemporal one, as if something had not yet begun. On these grounds, Robert explains that God’s omniscience is compatible with contingency, including human free decisions. Robert’s theory is still relevant and useful in contemporary debates, as it can provide strong arguments and enrich discussions, thanks to the twoperspectives approach, which generates nine kinds of positions on the spectrum of determinism and indeterminism.

scholarly journals The problem of human tragedy in the genre of science fiction (on the example of R. Bradbury’s works "Tomorrow's Child" and "The Veldt")

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
O. M. Byndas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fantastic Fiction ◽  
The Future ◽  
Absolute Dependence ◽  
Inner World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

This article deals with the problem of relationships among people in the future, which are based not on respect and understanding of each other's value, but on absolute dependence on technical progress. The purpose of this work is to highlight the problem of humanity’s tragedy in the genre of science fiction, using the example of Ray Bradbury’s works „Tomorrow's Child” and „The Veldt”. Firstly, it is noted that the difference and, accordingly, the problem begins immediately with terminology, because there is no single stable definition of the term „fantasy” (as a generic phenomenon) in English-language science. The options offered by scientists are speculative fiction, fantastic fiction, fantasy literature. The author notes that science fiction (Sci-Fi) describes many different super important problems of the human society: technological progress, information wars, the desire of people to be immortal, powerful, rich, possessing the Universe. In fact, the tragedy of humanity begins from these desires. However, R. Bradbury’s works „Tomorrow's Child” and „The Veldt” have a wide range of topics, affecting aesthetic, intellectual, moral and scientific problems. In addition, the science fiction writer reveals his special interest in the inner world of the child. In the mentioned-above stories, the idea of the coexistence of people and the techno world is traced, which leads to a tragic situation. Covering the problem of humanity’s tragedy in the future, described back in the distant 1950s, R. Bradbury aims to present another idea of the future, he describes, at the same time, possible threats to us, and shows what significant consequences this can lead to.

scholarly journals U-15 Significance of Economical Dealings in Islam, It’s Basic Conditions and Remedy to the faults lying in Economical Affairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-228
Author(s):  
Ameer Ullah Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sani ◽  
Zahid Channa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Field ◽  
The One ◽  
As If

Islam is a religion which guide us in all aspects of our lives, Economic Activity is also an important aspect where Islam guided us that how it is important and how the one can do his activities as per Shariah guidelines described in Qur'an o sunnah, these are divine revelation for Muslims and defined principles under which one can do his economic activities. Islam give importance to economic activities but today, as Muslims, we seem to be very active in the field of worship and try our best to fulfill it, but we are very lack in the field of economic activities, although the field of economic activities is more important than worship.  This is critical because the correctness of the acts of worship depends on the correctness of the economic activities as If the principles of Shari'ah are not observed in the economic activities, then its effects on the acts  of worship are also compounded. But even so, if we look at our society, we see more people who are negligent in economic activities than in worship.  Apparently, the religious class also looks weak in the economic activities.  While there are many other reasons for this, one of the main reasons is the lack of knowledge and awareness about this important field of Shariah. Therefore, as a Muslim, it is our responsibility to know and follow all the commands that we do in our daily lives so that we can do the correct economic activities along with worship and one should also be able to perform his duties according to the law and be entitled to the pleasure of his God. The principle stated by the jurists in the economic activities is that economic activities are permissible in nature which means that any transaction in the field of economic activities other than acts of worship will be permissible in principle, provided that the transaction should be free from Shariah prohibitions. Therefore, any transaction, whether it was made fourteen hundred years ago, whether it is a transaction in today's modern age, or a transaction in the future, in principle  this transaction will be ruled to be lawful until there is no Shari'ah prohibition in it. Now the question is what are those Shariah prohibitions? We can easily divide these Shari'ah prohibitions into four categories: General Prohibitions, interest, Uncertainty/Gambling  and Violation of Islamic Law of Contract. In this paper importance of economic activities, conditions and Shariah prohibitions are defined.

scholarly journals UNIQUE WORLD OF THE CREATOR

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (387) ◽  
pp. 294-300
Author(s):  
A. Zh. Kaztuganova ◽  
◽  
A. K. Omarova ◽  
D. F. Karomat ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research

The article describes some issues of formation of personal qualities and spheres of activities of N.Tlendiev, that have been determined through ethnicity hearing. The range of issues include the analysis of performing and composing activities, stage behavior, as well as innovative performance style, introduced by the famous kuishi into Kazakh music. On the one hand, the formation of N. Tlendiev as a person was determined by the strength of ethnic ear, and, on the other, by the depth of professional knowledge. It was determined that in all his diverse creative activities, that is, performing, composing, conducting or organizing activity, the gift of ethnic ear and high professional competence played an important role. The rich images reflected in his musical compositions, a wide range of thematic lines, the variety of musical methods and instrumental techniques that have not been studied, will result in new research works in the future. In the future the vital activities of N. Tlendiev should be investigated from a scientific point of view, confirmed by documents and facts, and the particular monographic work should be devoted to them.

scholarly journals Analysis Of The Mention Of The Concept “Graphic Competence” In The Preparation Of The Future Bachelor Of Computer Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Kateryna Osadcha ◽  
Hanna Chemerys
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Computer Animation ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to theoretical analysis of the value of graphic competence. The basic scientific positions concerning the formation of graphic competence as an important component of the professional formation of specialists in the system of higher education of Ukraine are considered. The analysis of modern approaches, highlighted in domestic sources, concerning the definition of the essence of the concept of "graphic competence" as a component of qualitative training of a specialist has been carried out. The author emphasizes the demand for the formation of graphic culture in the future bachelors of computer sciences, on the basis of which the author's view on the definition of graphic competence as a component of qualitative professional training of competitive future bachelors on computer sciences in the conditions of a pedagogical institution of higher education taking into account modern social processes. The urgency of forming graphic competence is also substantiated by its role in education, development and upbringing, namely, in the development of thinking, cognitive abilities and spatial imagination of future bachelors in computer sciences, the development of practical skills. Due to the fact that the target preparation of the Bachelor of Computer Science is aimed at training highly skilled professionals, then each graduate of this profile must have a wide range of basic knowledge, skills and abilities in computer graphics and design for effective presentation of the developed Software to the end user. In order to develop the graphic competence of future bachelors in computer sciences, their training should be based on the development of basic knowledge of students on systems of computer design and graphics, computer animation and visualization, and work with graphical packages of 3D design. This will ensure conditions for the graduate to adapt to their professional activities and the subsequent successful application of acquired skills. The results of the analysis of the scientific experience of the mentioned authors, we have determined that graphic competence is versatile, and includes not only the features inherent in artistic or creative activity, but also solid knowledge and skills of the technical component, which are rapidly expanding and branching in view of rapid pace of development of computer technology and modernization of graphic tools.

The development of capability: the content of potential and the potential of content

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reva Brown ◽  
Sean McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
As If

All too often discussion of Capability proceeds as if it is clear what ‘Capability’ is: and that all that is required is the ascertaining of means for developing it. This paper seeks to explore the meanings of Capability. It provides two broad meanings, and discusses the paradoxes inherent in the application of these to the real world of management and business. On the one hand, Capability is defined as Potential, what the individual could achieve. Potential is an endowment, which is realised by the acquisition of skills and knowledge, i.e. the acquisition of Content. On the other hand, Capability is defined as Content: what the individual can (or has learned to) do. This Content has been acquired by, or input into, the individual, who then has the Potential to develop further. So there are different routes to Capability, depending on the definition of Capability one chooses. All of this impinges on the development of Capability. This leads us on to a consideration of whether the ‘Development of Capability’ is a meaningful concept.

Ovid on Reading: Reading Ovid. Reception in OvidTristiaII

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 19-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
Ars Amatoria ◽  
As If

In this paper I propose to consider Ovid's poem as a document of literary criticism, which offers us a striking treatment of the role of the audience in reception. Ovid's concerns are twofold: on the one hand he is concerned with the ostensible manner in which his own works have been read, but he also discusses a wide range of other texts, and in doing so, offers readings of them, which, I will argue, illustrate the open-ended nature of reception and meaning.Now, undoubtedly we are sometimes too willing to label works as ‘anti-Augustan’ or ‘Augustan’, as if that was all that could be said about them; the glib use of such terms often seems to obscure more complex and more interesting questions (theAeneidand theGeorgicsare familiar examples). But with Ovid, however, such issues are at least raised by the poet himself, since the exile poems do deal with Ovid's attitude to Augustus, and the twin possibilities of writing poetry which can offend the emperor, or which can please him. Now while Ovid's famous explanation of the causes of his exile as ‘carmen et error’ (Trist.2.207) may perhaps be a smokescreen — Ovid adducing theArs Amatoriaas his fault in order not to have to go into the details of what theerrorwas that had offended Augustus —Tristia2 must still be considered on its own terms; Ovid writes as if it is possible for Augustus to be offended by his poetry, and therefore the issue is an important one.

scholarly journals The Theoretical and Methodological Basis of Criminology of the Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Victor Fadeev
Keyword(s):  
Subject Field ◽  
Distant Future ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Theory Of Crime ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Working Out

The goal of this paper is to show how criminology can align its development prospects as a theory of crime prevention and counteraction with the fate of the country, with its near and distant future. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to work out, on the one hand, a correct definition of its object, theoretical and practical methodology and, on the other hand, the subject field of competencies acceptable for the society and the state. The future of criminology lies not only in meeting the challenges of today and tomorrow, but also in implementing new prospective directions for its development, in a better definition and description of some expectations, in predicting the achievement of possibly not final, but at least distant results when working out its theoretical and practical clauses and in developing «Criminology» as a theory of preventing and counteracting crimes, because its scope will be understood to be much wider and deeper than in the classical version still dominant today. It is necessary to increase professional attention as the forms and scale of crimes have changed greatly recently, and they do not in fact fit the traditional criminal law sphere because they develop according to their own logic and, in many aspects, beyond the competencies of contemporary criminology. It is claimed that in the last decades the spheres of influence for criminals have increased because of the political, environmental and banking lawlessness all over the world, including in our country, as it has coalesced with the authorities and occupied everything that it deemed to be interesting and useful and, thus, outlined a new rather wide subject field for criminology. In this connection, it is necessary to develop a criminology of the future. It includes not only the development of the theory of criminology proper, but, primarily, the implementation of the lifestyle principles, of building and providing for a life based on lawful behavior through the development of individual, public and universal, cosmically sanctified, consciousness. This approach to determining the future of criminology is considered by the author to be more adequate and dignified in the existing circumstances than «crawling away» into the essentially criminal «professional doghouse» disguised as a new doctrine of criminology.

scholarly journals Book Review

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Sulayman S. Nyang
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Islam And Politics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
African Socialism ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Reviewed by: Sulayman S. Nyang, Ph.D.Associate Professor of Government and Public AdministrationHoward University, Washington, D.C. 20059David WESTERLUND, From Socialism to Islam? Notes on Islam as aPolitical Factor in Contemporary Africa .R esearch Report No. 61.(Uppsala, Sweden: Scandinavia Institute of African Studies, 1982),62pp. Bibliography. No Price.This short study on Islam and Politics in Africa is one of a series ofstudies on Africa published by the well-known Swedish Institute ofAfrican Studies. The Center had previously published some excellentmonographs on a wide range of African issues, but this is the first one onan Islamic theme. Written from the perspective of a researcherinterested in knowing the future of the relationship between Islam andPolitics in Africa, David Westerlund divides his essay into three parts:(1) an introduction, (2) a section on the advance of Socialism in Muslimdominatedcountries and (3) a section on the move towards Islam.Westerlund begins his study with a definition of terms and aclarification of concepts. Two terms, Socialism and Islam, dominate hisdiscussion. He identifies socialism in North Africa and in Sub-SaharanAfrica as that brand which has not been based on, but rather opposed to,Marxism or Marxism-Leninism. Though he recognizes certaindifferences between “Arab Socialism” and “African Socialism”, in thecontext of his discussion he stresses the similarities between them.Among the common elements shared by these two variants of Socialismare (1) refutation of the Marxist idea of class struggle, (2) emphasis on aunited front of all classes in the interest of economic developrflent andnation-building, (3) a preference for a mixed economy as opposed to aMarxist economy, (4) partial nationalization, central planning and onepartyrule, and (5) tolerance of private property.After an examination of the differences between Arab/IslamicSocialism and African Socialism on the one hand, and Marxism on theother, Westerlund then discusses the term fundamentalism. Hecorrectly notes that orthodox, non-secularist Muslims who wish for the ...

Criminalizing Sex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart P. Green
Keyword(s):  
Sex Trafficking ◽  
Statutory Rape ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexual Conduct ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Starting in the latter part of the twentieth century, the law of sexual offenses, especially in the West, began to reflect a striking divergence. On the one hand, the law became significantly more punitive in its approach to sexual conduct that is nonconsensual, as evidenced by a major expansion in the definition of rape and sexual assault and the creation of new offenses such as sex trafficking, child grooming, and revenge porn. On the other hand, it became markedly more permissive in how it dealt with conduct that is consensual, a trend that can be seen, for example, in the legalization or decriminalization of sodomy, adultery, and adult pornography. This book explores the conceptual and normative implications of this divergence. In doing so, it assumes that the proper role of the criminal law in a liberal state is to protect individuals in their right not to be subjected to sexual contact against their will, while also safeguarding their right to engage in (private, consensual) sexual conduct in which they do wish to participate. Although consistent in the abstract, these dual aims frequently come into conflict in practice. The book develops a framework for harmonizing these goals in the context of a wide range of nonconsensual, consensual, and aconsensual sexual offenses (hence the “unified” nature of the theory)—including rape as nonconsensual sex, rape by deceit, rape by coercion, rape of a person who lacks capacity to consent, statutory rape, abuse of position, sexual harassment, voyeurism, indecent exposure, incest, sadomasochistic assault, prostitution, bestiality, and necrophilia.

scholarly journals Discussion of Meaning and Definition of UT

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
B. X. Xu ◽  
S. Y. Zhu ◽  
H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reference System ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Future 2 ◽  
Astronomical Constants ◽  
The Way

The new definition of UT1 adopted by the IAU is useful but for many reasons not quite satisfactory. It depends e. g., 1) on the approximate values of some astronomical constants, and is therefore subject to revision in the future. 2) Since it is used for the FK5-based astronomical reference system, its eventual usefulness for space techniques is questioned. 3) Although the new and old UT1 merge continuously at a chosen epoch, they do not form a homogeneous series of data, in other words, the old and the new UT1 are systematically different from each other. 4) Neither the new definition, nor the way to convert the old to the new one is based on simple concepts and these are thus likely to be misunderstood by the nonspecialist user. A conceptual definition of UT1 is suggested, in order to correct this situation and a formula to realize this conceptual definition is presented, which can be used unchanged for every technique and is easily understood by the nonspecialist community.

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