scholarly journals U-15 Significance of Economical Dealings in Islam, It’s Basic Conditions and Remedy to the faults lying in Economical Affairs

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-228
Author(s):  
Ameer Ullah Khan ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Sani ◽  
Zahid Channa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Divine Revelation ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
The Future ◽  
Important Field ◽  
The One ◽  
As If

Islam is a religion which guide us in all aspects of our lives, Economic Activity is also an important aspect where Islam guided us that how it is important and how the one can do his activities as per Shariah guidelines described in Qur'an o sunnah, these are divine revelation for Muslims and defined principles under which one can do his economic activities. Islam give importance to economic activities but today, as Muslims, we seem to be very active in the field of worship and try our best to fulfill it, but we are very lack in the field of economic activities, although the field of economic activities is more important than worship.  This is critical because the correctness of the acts of worship depends on the correctness of the economic activities as If the principles of Shari'ah are not observed in the economic activities, then its effects on the acts  of worship are also compounded. But even so, if we look at our society, we see more people who are negligent in economic activities than in worship.  Apparently, the religious class also looks weak in the economic activities.  While there are many other reasons for this, one of the main reasons is the lack of knowledge and awareness about this important field of Shariah. Therefore, as a Muslim, it is our responsibility to know and follow all the commands that we do in our daily lives so that we can do the correct economic activities along with worship and one should also be able to perform his duties according to the law and be entitled to the pleasure of his God. The principle stated by the jurists in the economic activities is that economic activities are permissible in nature which means that any transaction in the field of economic activities other than acts of worship will be permissible in principle, provided that the transaction should be free from Shariah prohibitions. Therefore, any transaction, whether it was made fourteen hundred years ago, whether it is a transaction in today's modern age, or a transaction in the future, in principle  this transaction will be ruled to be lawful until there is no Shari'ah prohibition in it. Now the question is what are those Shariah prohibitions? We can easily divide these Shari'ah prohibitions into four categories: General Prohibitions, interest, Uncertainty/Gambling  and Violation of Islamic Law of Contract. In this paper importance of economic activities, conditions and Shariah prohibitions are defined.

Islam, Islamic Law and Constitution Making: International and Domestic Engagement in the Constitution-Making Process in Afghanistan

MAZAHIB ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Rofii
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
Constitution Making

The making of the 2004 Constitution was a significant moment amidst the continuing conflicts in Afghanistan. It was an attempt to transform differences and conflicts into a shared agenda for the future of the country. The process of constitution-making in Afghanistan was marked by intense negotiations between the international community and actors, on the one hand, and domestic actors, on the other. The outcome would be called a “win-win solution”. This essay focuses on the making of the Islam-related clauses: How was the public participation? How has the negotiation been undertaken? What was the result and why? This essay is an attempt to answer those questions. It will argue that the process of constitution-making in Afghanistan particularly with regard to the Islam clauses is the acts of negotiations between different competing actors. The Constitution is the product of negotiations not only between international and domestic actors, but also between domestic actors. As evident in the making of the Islam clauses, these negotiations might be characterized as between puritan Islamist and more moderate Muslim actors.Pembuatan Konstitusi Afghanistan tahun 2004 adalah momen penting di tengah konflik yang terus berkecamuk. Ia merupakan upaya untuk mentranformasi perbedaan dan konflik menjadi agenda bersama bagi masa depan negeri ini. Proses pembuatan konstitusi Afghanistan ditandai oleh negosiasi yang intens antara masyarakat dan aktor-aktor international di satu sisi, dan aktor-aktor domestik di sisi lain. Hasilnya dapat disebut ‘win-win solution’. Tulisan ini fokus pada pembuatan klausul-klausul Islam: Bagaimana partisipasi publiknya? Bagaimana negosiasi dilakukan? Apa hasil dan mengapa? Tulisan ini adalah upaya untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut. Ia akan beragumen bahwa proses pembuatan Konstitusi di Afghanistan khususnya terkait dengan klausul-klausul Islam merupakan tindakan negosiasi antara aktor-aktor yang berbeda. Konstitusi Afghanistan tidak saja merupakan produk negosiasi antara aktor-aktor internasional dan domestik, tetapi juga di antara aktor-aktor domestik itu sendiri. Sebagaimana terbukti dari pembuatan klausul-klausul Islam, negosiasi-negosiasi tersebut dapat dikarakteristikan sebagai negosiasi antara aktor puritan Islamis and aktor yang lebih moderat.

Creating Knowledge Society for Economic and Social Growth in Africa

2014 ◽  
pp. 135-154
Author(s):  
Nathaniel O. Agola
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Critical Determinant ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
The One

Knowledge use in socio-economic activities is a critical determinant of the divide between countries and regions into low-productivity-low-wage and labour intensive socio-economic activity countries on the one hand, and high-wage-high-productivity and technology abundant countries on the other hand. Therefore, it is indisputable that the creation of knowledge society is imperative for African countries. Economic transformation from low-productivity-low-wage and labour intensive socio-economic activity countries to high-wage-high-productivity and technology abundant countries predominantly define the socio-economic policy aspirations of most African countries. However, it has never been very clear what are the fundamental pillars that must be built and constantly reinforced by these countries to transition to knowledge society stage. This chapter first presents an empirical connection and contribution of knowledge to higher productivity in economic activities. The importance of infusion of knowledge into diverse economic activities to ensure higher levels of productivity both at micro and macro levels is therefore demonstrated through quantification attempts that include knowledge as one of the variables in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) equation. This empirical discussion serves to illuminate the place of knowledge in economic transformation. The second part of the chapter presents an incisive exposition of the critical ten pillars of knowledge creation, sharing, and usage that African countries can leverage to transition from economies defined by low productivity to higher levels of productivity. The chapter concludes that it is the improvement in the collective stock of knowledge of the African countries that would determine whether they could make a transition to a high productivity knowledge society.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of accounting and control of current liabilities of the enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 11/3 (-) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Alina SEMENETS ◽  
Tetiana DUPLINAT
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Domestic Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
The Future ◽  
Control Work ◽  
And Control

Introduction. The crisis state of the domestic economy and a number of other factors require domestic enterprises and other levels of management to take prompt and drastic measures aimed at increasing the level of management. One of the promising and proven directions for increasing the efficiency of the management level is the increase and qualitative growth of the accounting system and the internal control system. One of the most important and difficult areas of accounting and control work (determining the final results of the financial and economic activities of the enterprise and its financial condition) is the accounting and control of liabilities, primarily current ones, this is what determines the direction of this research. The purpose of the paper is to improve the accounting and control of current liabilities by developing measures to eliminate violations and prevent them in the future. The methodological basis was dialectics, philosophical methodological methods of cognition. Results. The paper examines approaches to clarifying the definition of “current liabilities”. The most significant problems of modern economic activity of the domestic economy are investigated: low contractual discipline, crisis of non-payments, global chronic violation of the terms and conditions of payment for liabilities, primarily for current liabilities. A number of measures were proposed to eliminate violations in accounting, control current liabilities and prevent them in the future; non-admission in the practice of economic activity, accounting and control of delays in the terms and conditions of payment for liabilities. The studies have shown the need to improve the level of planning and contractual discipline, financial planning, improving document flow, accounting and control work at the enterprise. Conclusion. The main conclusions of the study are: the need for further research on this issue; introduction of a payment schedule for liabilities; the need to develop a methodology for checking current liabilities by the internal control system, compliance with contractual discipline; scheduled regular inspections of facilities and processes related to accounting and control of current liabilities.

scholarly journals Postmodernism as Discourse from Foucault to Habermas

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Loredana Terec-Vlad ◽  
Alexandru Trifu
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Future ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The One

During the last decades, the term postmodernity has been highly invoked, on the one hand, or ignored, on the other hand. It is a term that can be found in the writings of various philosophers and sociologists, and is almost ignored and less meaningful within the economic thinking.At first view and analysis, postmodernity is the successor of the modern age, modernity in other words. However, the concept has much deeper meanings; it regards the future, foreshadowing the new realities of today's world, which are very complex and dynamic, and come under endogenous and exogenous influences, activities and issues that are permanently under the influence of multiple and multidimensional challenges [7]. In fact, the period of globalization, of the new trends of the revolutionary ICT (Information and Communication Technologies), is believed to overlap the period of postmodernism.From the philosophical point of view, but also in consonance with the economic life and realities, the individuals and entities of any nature should be characterized by adaptability, the ability to respond promptly and appropriately to the impulses and reactions that affect that system.

scholarly journals PENCANTUMAN STATUS PERKAWINAN DALAM ADMINISTRASI PERKAWINAN DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA PERSPEKTIF MAQĀSHID SYARĪ’AH

Al'Adalah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Fatimah T
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Identity Card ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

Status perkawinan merupakan salah satu persyaratan administrasi perkawinan di KUA yang wajib dicantumkan oleh kedua calon pengantin agar pernikahannya dapat diselenggarakan. Seseorang yang belum pernah menikah dianggap perawan/jejaka sedangkan yang sudah pernah menikah dianggap sudah janda/duda. Namun saat ini, kasus seks diluar pernikahan semakin merajalela dan banyak wanita yang hamil diluar pernikahan khususnya di Kota Malang. Sehingga, hal tersebut terdapat ketidakjelasan pada sebuah form status perkawinan yang harus diisi. Misalnya pada wanita yang hamil diluar pernikahan maka statusnya tetap yang dicantumkan adalah perawan. Oleh karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui interpretasi makna status perkawinan dalam administrasi perkawinan menurut KUA, apa konsekuensi hukum jika terjadi kebohongan status perkawinan, serta bagaimana menurut KUA di Kota Malang terhadap pemakanaan status perkawinan tersebut perspektif Maqāshid Syarī’ah. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini, menunjukan bahwa terjadi perbedaan interpretasi perawan/jejaka dan janda/duda antara hukum Islam dan ketentuan administrasi perkawinan yang berdasarkan peraturan Undang-Undang perkawinan di Indonesia. Menurut KUA, status perkawinan mengacu pada identitas diri yang terdapat di KTP masing-masing. Akibat hukum bagi mereka yang berbohong atas status perkawinannya, maka perkawinannya dapat dibatalkan demi hukum oleh pihak yang berwenang. Interpretasi status perkawinan yang berdasarkan KTP, sesungguhnya telah sesuai dengan Maqashid syari’ah pada sektor Hifdz al-‘Irdhi. The inclusion of marital status is one of the requirements in Marriage Administrative at Religious Affairs Office (KUA) that should be fulfilled for the future bride/groom to perform marriage. The one who has not married considered as virgin/bachelor while the one who has married considered as widow/widower. Based on todays phenomenon, married by accident has become well known thing and there are many women who are pregnant without even married, especially in Malang. Thus, there is a lack of clarity on the form of marital status that must be filled. For example, for women who are pregnant out of wedlock, the status listed is a virgin. Therefore, this study aims to find out the interpretation of marital status meaning in marriage administration according to KUA, how the law effect for marital status untruth according to KUA, and how the view of KUA through the marital status meaning in marital administrative based on Maqashid Sharia perspective. The research is field research. The result of the research shows that: different interpretation of virgin/bachelor and widow/widower happen between Islamic law and marriage administration provision which is based on the marriage rule of law in Indonesia. According to KUA, marital status refers to the personal identity that is shown in their personal identity card. The law effect for those who falsify their marital status from thier personal identity card, the marriage can be canceled for the sake of law by the authorities party The interpretation of marriage status that is based on personal identity card, indeed appropriate with Maqashid Sharia in Hifdz al-‘Irdhi sector.

scholarly journals Economic effectiveness of the organization’s economic activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Anton Chepulaynis ◽  
Svetlana Boronenkova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Effectiveness ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Growth Indicators

The article examines the theoretical aspects of the economic effectiveness of the organization’s economic activity, presents the author’s definition of the concept. To reveal the essence of economic effectiveness, a systematization and classification of types of effectiveness are given. For each type of effectiveness, specific desired ratios and growth indicators (drivers) are indicated, which ensures the continuity and sustainable development of the business in the future.

scholarly journals SEKULARISME HUKUM DALAM FRAME TIMUR DAN BARAT

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The West ◽  
Related Article ◽  
Philosophical School ◽  
The Future ◽  
Muslim Intellectuals ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
As If

Abstract: Until now a western philosophical school called secularism has become an inseparable part of Islamic scholars. Related article cited a variety of secularism and the note that also take as a reference by the next generation of scientific. This fact shows that the importance of the discussion concerning matters of secularism.Position secularism became a big spotlight when linked to Islamic law an sich. Harassment of Islamic law through the glass secularism has produced many Islamic intellectuals secular.In fact, the West itself slowly began to abandon secularism. Western consciousness leaving the methodology of secularism marked by the rise of Islamic hegemony slowly, even predicted the future of Islam will be the largest religion in Western Europe represent entities. The position of Islam itself is still vulnerable to the methodology of secularism. Post-figure Kemal in Turkey  proklaimed himself as a successful carrier of secularism which is then followed by other Muslim intellectuals. This makes the Islamic intellectual dilemma. As if, methodology of secularism could raise the degree of religious and linked well with the sects that emerged in the mid such  Mu'tazilah. Secularism eventually become a new color in Islam, secularism began to force its philosophy in Islam. Define secularism as the separation of religion and state effort was apparently not enough. Abstrak: Hingga kini sebuah aliran filsafat Barat yang bernama sekularisme telah menjadi bagian yang tak bisa dipisahkan dari para cendekiawan Islam. Berbagai tulisan terkait sekularisme dikutip kemudian tulisan itu diambil pula sebagai rujukan oleh para generasi ilmiyah lintas zaman. Kenyataan ini menunjukkan bahwa betapa pentingnya pembahasan menyangkut hal ihwal sekularisme. Posisi sekularisme menjadi sorotan besar manakala dikaitkan dengan hukum Islam an sich.  Pengobok-obokan hukum Islam melalui kaca sekularisme telah melahirkan banyak intelektual Islam bermanhaj sekuler.Pada kenyataannya, Barat sendiri mulai meninggalkan sekularisme secara perlahan. Kesadaran Barat meninggalkan manhaj sekularisme ditandai dengan munculnya hegemoni Islam secara perlahan, bahkan kedepan diprediksi Islam akan menjadi agama terbesar di Eropa mewakili entitas Barat.Posisi Islam sendiri sampai saat ini masih rentan dengan manhaj sekularisme. Paska tokoh Kemal di Turki memploklamasikan dirinya sebagai pembawa sekularisme sukses yang kemudian diikuti pula oleh para intelektual Islam lainnya. Hal ini menjadikan para intelektual Islam dilematis. Seolah-olah, manhaj sekularisme bisa menaikkan derajat beragama lalu dikait-kaitkan pula dengan sekte-sekte yang muncul di era pertengahan semisal muktazilah.Sekularisme akhirnya menjadi warna baru dalam Islam, filsafat sekularisme mulai dipaksakan dalam ajaran Islam. Mendefiniskan sekularisme sebagai upaya pemisahan agama dan negara rupanya belumlah cukup. Kata Kunci: Sekularisme, agama, dunia, Barat

scholarly journals PEMBAGIAN HARTA BERSAMA DALAM PERKAWINAN MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 DAN HUKUM ISLAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-103
Author(s):  
Winarno Winarno
Keyword(s):  
Common Property ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
The State ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mental Abilities ◽  
Shared Property ◽  
The One

Marriage is one of the religious commands that must be done by people who already have the physical and mental abilities to carry it out. In the law state of Indonesia, marriages are regulated by the state regarding the terms and conditions for someone who is going to get married, and both rules are directed at men and women. These rules are contained in Law Number 1 of 1974 and Islamic Law. Therefore, if the marriage does not meet the terms and conditions set, the marriage cannot be carried out. Since marriage is a union between a man and a woman, there will be cooperation, both cooperation in fostering households to achieve harmony and in finding property for survival. Each property obtained by a married couple will become a common property even though in terms of quantity, the one earned by each husband and wife can be different, even the one who earns money is only one of them. However, the marriage between the two makes the property belong together. Although in terms of civil and Islamic law, there are no strict rules regarding shared assets, but because the assets are obtained after marriage, they become shared property. Therefore, if a divorce in the future occurs or one dies, the assets must be divided in half. The rules for the distribution of shared assets do not actually violate the general provisions contained in either positive law or Islamic law.

scholarly journals The Behaviour of Economic Agent in Islam

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hanif Al Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Economic Agent ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
The Future ◽  
Correct Understanding

Abstract: Some notable economists believe that Economics is of normative science, which always focuses on the 'what should be' statement. Therefore it is included in the science of ethics, considering that it discusses an attitude of an individual in economic activity. Unfortunately, modern economics born from the womb of Western Civilization was influenced by Utilitarianism which is undoubtedly contradictary to Islam. This certainly will create problems in the future for Muslims, especially in economic activities both on an individual and social scale. This article will discuss how the behavior of an economic agent should be viewed by Islam. This research is qualitative in nature, using the methos of literature survey. The results of the study show that the correct understanding of Islam, the worldview of Islam, and the true nature of human beings and their actions will keep Muslim behavior as an economic agent from being trapped into un-Islamic behavior in economic activities. الملخص: اعتقد بعض الاقتصاديين البارزين أن الاقتصاد هو نوع من العلوم المعيارية، والذي يركز دائمًا على عبارة "ما يجب أن يكون". فمن ثم هو من علم الأخلاق، معتبرا أنه يناقش كيف يتصرف الشخص في النشاط الاقتصادي. لكن لسوء الحظ، تأثرت الاقتصاد الحديث المولود من رحم الحضارة الغربية بالنفعية التي تناقضت الإسلام بلا شك. سيؤدي هذا خلق مشاكل للمسلمين في المستقبل خاصة في الأنشطة الاقتصادية سواء على المستوى الفردي أو الاجتماعي. يناقش هذا المقال كيف يكون موقف الوكيل الاقتصادي وفقًا للإسلام. هذا البحث هو نوعي في الطبيعة ، وذلك باستخدام منهجية مسح الأدب ومراجعته. تظهر نتائج الدراسة أن الفهم الصحيح للإسلام، ورؤية الإسلام للوجود، والطبيعة الحقيقية للبشر وأفعالهم سوف تبقي سلوك المسلمين كعوامل اقتصادية من الوقوع في سلوك غير إسلامي في الأنشطة الاقتصادية. Abstrak; Beberapa ekonom terkemuka menyakini bahwa Ilmu Ekonomi merupakan jenis ilmu normatif, yang selalu fokus kepada pernyataan ‘apa yang seharusnya’. Oleh karena itu ia termasuk ilmu etika, mengingat ia membahas bagaimana sikap seorang dalam beraktifitas ekonomi. Namun sayangnya, Ilmu Ekonomi modern yang lahir dari rahim Peradaban Barat ini dipengaruhi paham Utilitarisme yang tidak diragukan lagi bertentangan dengan Islam. Hal ini tentu akan melahirkan masalah dikemudian hari bagi umat Islam khususnya dalam aktivitas ekonomi baik dalam skala individu maupun sosial. Artikel ini akan membahas bagaimana seharusnya perilaku seorang agen ekonomi dipandang oleh agama Islam. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, dengan menggunakan metodologi survei literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kesimpulan bahwa pemahaman yang benar tentang Agama Islam, pandangan dunia Islam, dan sifat asli manusia dan perbuatannya akan menjaga perilaku Muslim sebagai agen ekonomi dari terjebak kedalam perilaku yang tidak Islami dalam beraktifitas ekonomi.

scholarly journals Socializēšanās prakses viduslaiku pilsētā: amatu korporāciju piemērs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rūta Bruževica ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

One of the most important aspects of medieval human life was being in a community. On the one hand, medieval city itself was such a community, whereas on the other hand, there still remained social, economic and occupational differences between its inhabitants, which in daily life dissociated people. In addition to the community in the city, the church and the family, another type of community developed in medieval cities – professional or artisan associations, fraternities or guilds. For a very long time, the studies dedicated to these organizations focused mainly on their economic, legal and organizational aspects, and hence guilds are mainly associated with their economic activities. However, the religious and social life they yielded was no less important and provided people’s daily lives with activities that complemented their spiritual and social life. The aim of the study is to review and analyse the social practices found in the source material, whereby such aspects of socialization as the formation of beneficial social contacts, maintenance of relationships, as well as mutual assistance were practiced in medieval artisan associations. Examples and their similarities in various artisan associations in Europe, including Riga, which are reported in medieval written sources, especially the statutes of these associations, will be discussed. The obtained information collected in the study confirms that associations extended beyond economic goals, as their practices promoted social contacts between members, strengthened friendships, fostered respect and responsibility for each other.

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