scholarly journals Water and physical characteristics of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan-Salyan / Woda i charakterystyki fizyczne nawadnianych gleb w Masywie Mugaw-Salyan

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Mustafa Gilman Mustafayev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Abstract Detailed information about the water and physical properties of irrigated soils in the Massif of Mugan- -Salyan is given in the paper. Results of the study showed differences in the soil properties. The field water capacity of soil in the zone was 25.32-30.30% or 1.26-1.56 g·cm-3, particle density was 2.53-2.88 g·cm-3, porosity - 44.16-54.20%; clay content - 22.54-70.10% and the velocity of soaking the soil with water ranged between 9.24 and 55.84 cm·h-1. Such variability of the indices points to a need for reclamation measures in the soils.

scholarly journals Agroecological assessment of water-physical properties of irrigated soils of the Trans-Urals in the analysis of the main hydrophysical characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
I.V. Komissarova ◽  
A.V. Chelovechkova ◽  
N.V. Miroshnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Soil Stratum ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigated Soils

Water-physical properties of soils are a set of soil properties that determine the accumulation, preservation and water transfer in the soil stratum. One of the important indicators of water-physical properties are soil-hydrological constants. These indicators can be used in forecasting yield, calculating the irrigation rate. The determination of soil-hydrological constants is a rather laborious process. In this article, we propose to obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of the main hydrophysical characteristics. This technique allows to analyze the data and obtain soil-hydrological constants from the data of granulometric composition. The conducted studies have shown that the use of uncontrolled irrigation has led to the transformation of water-physical properties, the content of easily mobile, productive and gravitational moisture has decreased. When modeling the MHC curve, a change in the shape on the graphs can be noted.

Advances in precision agriculture in south-eastern Australia. IV. Spatial variability in plant-available water capacity of soil and its relationship with yield in site-specific management zones

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rab ◽  
P. D. Fisher ◽  
R. D. Armstrong ◽  
M. Abuzar ◽  
N. J. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Management Zones ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
The Mean

Spatial variability in grain yield can arise from variation in many different soil and terrain properties. Identification of important sources of variation that bear significant relationship with grain yield can help achieve more effective site-specific management. This study had three aims: (i) a geostatistical description/modelling of the paddock-level spatial structure in variability of plant-available water capacity (PAWC) and related soil properties, (ii) to determine optimal number of management zones in the paddock, and (iii) to assess if the variability in PAWC and related soil properties is significantly associated with the variability in grain yield across the management zones. Particle size distribution, bulk density (BD), field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and soil water content (SWC) at sowing were measured at 4 soil depths (to 0.60 m) at 50 representative spatial sampling locations across a paddock near Birchip (Victoria). PAWC and plant-available water at sowing (PAWs) were derived from these data. Moderate to strong spatial dependence across the paddock was observed. The magnitude of the structural variation and of range varied widely across different soil properties and depths. The south-east edge and the central areas of the paddock had higher clay content, FC, PWP, PAWC, and lower PAWs. The paddock was divided into 6 potential management zones using combined header yield and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). The adequacy of zoning was evaluated using relative variability (RV) of header yield and soil properties. The mean RV for 3 zones differed little from that of 6 management zones for header yield and for each measured soil property, indicating division of the paddock into 3 zones to be adequate. The results from residual maximum likelihood (ReML) analysis showed that low yield zones had significantly higher clay content, FC, PWP, SWC, and PAWC and significantly lower PAWs than both medium and high yield zones. The mean FC, PWP, and PAWC in the low yield zones were, respectively, 25%, 26%, and 28% higher, and PAWs 36% lower than their corresponding values in the high yield zones. Linear regression analysis indicated that 59–96% of the observed variation in grain yield across management zones could be explained by variation in PWP. The practical implications of these results are discussed.

scholarly journals Comparison of the physical properties of soils belonging to different reference soil groups

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Tomáš Khel
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Capillary Water ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Available Water Capacity ◽  
Permanent Wilting Point ◽  
Wilting Point ◽  
Soil Groups

Soil properties can be influenced by long-term agricultural management practices as described in pedological literature. In this study, selected physical properties (particle density and bulk density, total porosity, maximum capillary water capacity, minimum air capacity, field capacity, permanent wilting point and available water capacity) of topsoils from different reference soil groups (Cambisols, Luvisols, Fluvisols, Chernozems and Phaeozems, Leptosols, Stagnosols and Gleysols) were sampled and analysed in the years 2016–2017. The topsoil samples were taken from points of so-called S (specific) soil pits to be sampled from the General Soil Survey of Agricultural Soils (GSSAS) which was accomplished in the years 1961–1970. In addition, some of the properties were also compared with those measured during the GSSAS. Recognising the properties, only the particle density, the maximum capillary water capacity, the permanent wilting point and the available water capacity of the topsoil of the individual soil groups were statistically significantly (P < 0.05) different. A comparison of the physical properties with those analysed after more than 40 years was performed, the bulk density increased and the total porosity decreased in the topsoil of the major part of the studied soil groups.

scholarly journals 10-Years Studies of the Soil Physical Condition after One-Time Biochar Application

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Jacek Pranagal ◽  
Piotr Kraska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Physical Condition ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Good Method ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Air Capacity

The ten-year experiment on the soil physical properties of biochar-amended Podzol was studied. Biochar was applied to the soil in the following rates: treatment BC10—10 Mg × ha−1, treatment BC20—20 Mg × ha−1, treatment BC30—30 Mg × ha−1 and treatment BC0—Control (soil without the addition of biochar). Biochar was mixed the soil arable layer (0–20 cm). Soil samples were collected ten times, once a year—after harvest rye. They were taken from layers: 0–10 cm and 10–20 cm, in six replicates, using 100 cm3 metal cylinders. The soil physical properties were determined: particle size distribution, particle density, bulk density, total porosity, air capacity and permeability (at −15.5 kPa), water content at sampling, field water capacity (at −15.5 kPa), available and unavailable water content, and the ratio of field water capacity and total porosity was calculated. It was found that biochar application causes changes in the soil physical condition. The soil density decreased, while the porosity, aeration and water retention increased; the ratio of field water capacity and total porosity was favorable. These changes cannot be considered as permanent. Most of the analyzed properties showed a durability of no more than 3–4 years. We found that biochar incorporation into soil is a good method for environmental management of waste biomass.

scholarly journals Effect of cutting regime on soil physical properties of wet thistle meadows

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 104-115
Author(s):  
R. Duffková ◽  
T. Kvítek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Capillary Porosity ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Top Soil

Changes of selected soil physical properties (porosity P, soil organic matter SOM, bulk density &rho;<sub>d</sub>, particle density &rho;<sub>z</sub>, characteristics of water retention capacity &ndash; maximum capillary water capacity &theta;<sub>CMC</sub>, and non-capillary porosity P<sub>n</sub>) of permanent grassland (wet, non-fertilized, thistle meadows ass. Angelico-Cirsietum palustris, crystalline complex area, Czech Republic) in the top soil layer (3&ndash;10 cm) managed under three regimes (uncut UC; cut once a year C1; cut twice a year C2) were monitored for one undrained and two drained sites. There were no significant differences in selected soil physical properties among the test plots at the beginning of the study. As the intensity of utilisation decreased, the values of P, SOM, and P<sub>n</sub> increased and &rho;<sub>d</sub>, &rho;<sub>z</sub> and &theta;<sub>CMC</sub> decreased. Within 5&ndash;10 years of the beginning of the study, average values were: P at UC = 70, C1 = 69, C2 = 67%; SOM at UC = 10.7, C1 = 10.6, C2 = 10.0%; &rho;<sub>d</sub> at UC = 0.76, C1 = 0.79, C2 = 0.84 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; &rho;<sub>x</sub> at UC = 2.53, C1 = 2.55, C2 = 2.56 g/cm<sup>3</sup>; &theta;CMC at UC = 50, C1 = 53, C2 = 51%; P<sub>n</sub>at UC = 21, C1 and C2 = 16%. Moderate negative dependence of both &rho;<sub>x</sub> and &rho;<sub>d</sub> on SOM and of &rho;<sub>d</sub> on P<sub>n</sub> and a moderate positive dependence of P on SOM was observed. &theta;<sub>CMC</sub> changes did not show links to other soil physical properties. The greatest looseness of the top soil layer, expressed by a decrease in &rho;<sub>d</sub>, occurred with the UC regime in direct correlation with SOM, P<sub>n</sub> and P.

scholarly journals Edaphic attributes in pedoforms of gullies, in the Southeast region of Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
João Henrique Gaia Gomes ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Fabiana da Costa Barros ◽  
Cristiane Figueira da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Aparecida Freó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Convex Surface ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Aluminum Saturation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Water erosion acts as the main form of soil degradation, promoting the release of particles that associated with factors such as climate, relief, soil vegetation and use and occupation favor this process. This study aimed to evaluate whether gullies are more likely to be present in a specific type of landform and how physical and chemical soil characteristics vary between the internal and external environments of concave and convex gullies. The study was performed in the Cachimbal River sub-basin, Pinheiral (RJ). Gullies were mapped and the quantitative and qualitative evaluations (occurrence in concave or convex surface). For each type of landform, one gully was selected. Soil samples (disturbed and undisturbed) were collected from the internal and external surfaces of each gully at a depth of 0-10 cm and soil chemical and physical characteristics were determined. More gullies were present in convex landforms and differences in soil characteristics were observed between the internal and external gully surfaces, but not between different landforms. Ca+2, S value, H+Al, T value, Mg+2, TOC and K+ were associated with the external surface, and P, Al+3, aluminum saturation, V%, and pH with the internal surface. Natural and total clay content, and soil and particle density were the physical characteristics associated with the external surface, and total and fine sand content, porosity, degree of flocculation, and silt content with the internal surface.

scholarly journals A Comparison, Validation, and Evaluation of the S-world Global Soil Property Database

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Jetse J. Stoorvogel ◽  
Vera L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Property ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Soil Database ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Mean Square Difference ◽  
Methodological Evaluation

Despite the increased usage of global soil property maps, a proper review of the maps rarely takes place. This study aims to explore the options for such a review with an application for the S-World global soil property database. Global soil organic carbon (SOC) and clay content maps from S-World were studied at two spatial resolutions in three steps. First, a comparative analysis with an ensemble of seven datasets derived from five other global soil databases was done. Second, a validation of S-World was done with independent soil observations from the WoSIS soil profile database. Third, a methodological evaluation of S-world took place by looking at the variation of soil properties per soil type and short distance variability. In the comparative analysis, S-World and the ensemble of other maps show similar spatial patterns. However, the ensemble locally shows large discrepancies (e.g., in boreal regions where typically SOC contents are high and the sampling density is low). Overall, the results show that S-World is not deviating strongly from the model ensemble (91% of the area falls within a 1.5% SOC range in the topsoil). The validation with the WoSIS database showed that S-World was able to capture a large part of the variation (with, e.g., a root mean square difference of 1.7% for SOC in the topsoil and a mean difference of 1.2%). Finally, the methodological evaluation revealed that estimates of the ranges of soil properties for the different soil types can be improved by using the larger WoSIS database. It is concluded that the review through the comparison, validation, and evaluation provides a good overview of the strengths and the weaknesses of S-World. The three approaches to review the database each provide specific insights regarding the quality of the database. Specific evaluation criteria for an application will determine whether S-World is a suitable soil database for use in global environmental studies.

A Study of the Chemical and Physical Characteristics of the Soils from the South of Piauí for Soil-Cement Brick Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira de Araújo ◽  
Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho ◽  
João Sammy Nery de Souza ◽  
Josy Anteveli Osajima ◽  
Marcelo Barbosa Furtini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The South ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Soil Cement ◽  
Made In

Soil-cement bricks are good examples of environmentally friendly products. This brick is the combination of soil with compacted cement with no combustion in its production. In this work the physical chemical characteristics of the soil from Piaui for producing this material were investigated. Samples of the soil were collected in three potteries from the county of Bom Jesus and pH analysis were carried out, as well as the rate of organic matter, texture, particle density, limits of liquidity and plasticity rates. The results have shown that the soils have acid tones (pH 5,49 a 6,11), which can be neutralized by adding cement, and organic matter percentages up to 1%. The samples have shown predominantly clay-rich textures with adequate plasticity limits, however, values of liquidity limits and particle density above recommended. Altogether, these soils tend to present viability concerning soil-cement brick production, provided that corrections with additives are made in order to minimize this effect.

Influence of Compaction Energy and Bentonite Clay Content in the Soil Hydraulic Conductivity

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 858-863
Author(s):  
Osvaldo de Freitas Neto ◽  
Olavo Francisco dos Santos Jr. ◽  
Fagner Alexandre Nunes de França ◽  
Ricardo Nascimento Flores Severo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Compaction Energy ◽  
Field Works

This paper intends to evaluate changes in permeability of a soil sample from Formação Barreiras, in Natal, the capital city of Rio Grande do Norte State, related to the degree of compaction and the adding of clay to the soil sample. In field works, samples were collected and permeability and density tests were performed. In laboratory, grain size distribution, Attemberg limits and particle density tests were conducted. Afterwards, compaction and permeability tests fulfilled the set of laboratory tests, with changes in compactive energy and sample clay content. The results from field and laboratory tests were compared and the relationship between compaction energy and sample clay content were portrayed. The soil was classified as silty sand. Field and laboratory test results were quite similar. As expected, the tests indicated that permeability is inversely proportional to both compaction energy and sample clay content in the soil tested.

A study of the physical properties and bending stiffness of antistatic and antibacterial knitted fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110550
Author(s):  
Norina Asfand ◽  
Virginija Daukantienė
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bending Stiffness ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Face Side

Different fiber blends, knit patterns, and treatments may be applied to increase the functionality and comfort of knitted fabrics. In this research, the physical properties and bending stiffness of 1 × 1 rib and half-milano rib fabrics with four fiber blends (90% cotton/10% antistatic PET, 80% cotton/20% antistatic PET, 70% cotton/30% antistatic PET, and 65% cotton/35% antistatic PET) applied to each knit pattern were studied. The effect of fabric direction (course and wale), technical side (face side and back side), and treatment (dying, softening with Aquasoft® SI hydrophilic softener, and Polygiene VO-600 antibacterial finish) on the physical characteristics and bending stiffness of the fabrics was evaluated. The results revealed that dyeing and softening increased the fabric area density and both wale and course densities and decreased fabric thicknesses compared to the control fabrics. The antibacterial finish applied to the softened samples did not change the physical properties. Bending stiffness in the course direction was lower than in the wale direction, and it was higher for technical face samples than for technical back ones. The 1 × 1 rib knitted fabrics showed lower stiffness than the half-milano rib fabrics. Treatment of the investigated fabrics decreased bending stiffness for both treatment sample groups compared to the control group.

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