scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome – a risky combination

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-192
Author(s):  
R. S. Şuţa ◽  
Cristina Şuţa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Study Population

Abstract The metabolic syndrome is characterized by a cluster of related clinical, anthropometric and biochemical features such as central obesity, dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. It is highly prevalent in the general population (approximately 22%), with differences in relation to race, gender, and age. It carries an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which makes an early and correct assessment mandatory. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is very high in type 2 diabetes patients, in whom it influences the risk of chronic complications. The aim of the present report is to explore the characteristics and the combination types of the metabolic syndrome and to assess the cardiovascular risk in patients presenting this clinical entity. 329 patients consecutively diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were included in the study, both men and women, no limit regarding age. Patient selection was made during the periodic medical visits in the outpatient clinics of Diabetes, Cardiology and Internal Medicine. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was diagnosed according to 2005 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Criteria. Women were more frequent than men, mean age was 59.08±888 and they all had central obesity (it is the major criteria of 2005 IDF definition for MetS) .The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome was fulfilled with only 3 criteria, most of the times. The complete metabolic syndrome was the rarest, less than 25% of the patients presenting all 5 definition criteria and it was more frequent among men (men 39.2% vs women 15.9%: p < 0.0001). Apart from central obesity, which is mandatory for diagnosing MetS and thus present in all patients, arterial hypertension is the most common finding in our study population, with impaired glycaemia and increased triglycerides occupying the second and third place, respectively. Central obesity, arterial hypertension and impaired glycaemia represent the most frequent combination, a real „hard core” of MetS. As expected, the cardiovascular risk was high in the study population. The cardiovascular „score” of our patients increased significantly with the number of components used for the diagnosis of MetS (MetS with 3 elements vs MetS with 4 elements vs MetS with 5 elements: SCORE - 5.36 ± 7.07 vs 7.66 ± 8.63 vs 8.52 ± 8.34, p < 0.01).

From the metabolic syndrome to the concept of global cardiometabolic risk

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (18) ◽  
pp. 821-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judit Nádas ◽  
György Jermendy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Although the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is unquestionable, the clinical significance of the metabolic syndrome as a distinct entity has been debated in the past years. Recently, the term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been replaced by ‘global cardiometabolic risk’ which implies cardiovascular risk factors beyond the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome can be frequently detected among people in western and developing countries affecting 25-30% of adult population, and its prevalence rate is increasing. Prospective studies show that the metabolic syndrome is a significant predictor of incident diabetes but has a weaker association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. At the same time the metabolic syndrome is inferior to established predicting models for either type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease.The underlying pathomechanism of the metabolic syndrome is still poorly understood. The role of insulin resistance – although not as a single factor – is still considered as a key component. In the last decade the importance of abdominal obesity has received increased attention but some studies, mainly in the Asian population, showed that central obesity is not an essential component of the syndrome. Regardless of the theoretical debates the practical implications are indisputable. The frequent clustering of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance, that often accompanies central obesity, can not be ignored. Following the detection of one risk factor, the presence of other, traditional and non-traditional factors should be searched for, as the beneficial effect of intensive, target oriented, continuous treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors has been proven in both the short and long term.

scholarly journals Poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome in adulthood

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wennberg ◽  
Per E Gustafsson ◽  
Patrik Wennberg ◽  
Anne Hammarström
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Fasting Glucose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse whether poor breakfast habits in adolescence predict the metabolic syndrome and its components in adulthood. Previous studies suggest that regular breakfast consumption improves metabolic parameters.DesignProspective. Breakfast habits and other lifestyle variables at age 16 years were assessed from questionnaires. Poor breakfast habits were defined as skipping breakfast or only drinking or eating something sweet. At age 43 years, the effective sample consisted of 889 participants defined as having the metabolic syndrome or not, using the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals.SettingThe Northern Swedish Cohort, a longitudinal population-based cohort with 27-year follow-up.SubjectsAdolescents (age 16 years).ResultsPrevalence of the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was 27·0 %. Of the participants, 9·9 % were classified with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years. Adjusted odds for the metabolic syndrome at age 43 years was OR = 1·68 (95 % CI 1·01, 2·78) for those with poor breakfast habits at age 16 years compared with breakfast eaters. Looking at the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits at age 16 years were associated with central obesity (OR = 1·71; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·92) and high fasting glucose (OR = 1·75; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·02) at age 43 years, even after multivariate adjustments.ConclusionsPoor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. Of the metabolic syndrome components, poor breakfast habits in adolescence predicted central obesity and high fasting glucose in adulthood. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between early breakfast habits and adult metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals The Increasing Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Finnish Men and Women over a Decade

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 832-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Jaana Lindström ◽  
Pekka Jousilahti ◽  
Markku Peltonen ◽  
Lena Sjöberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
National Cholesterol Education Program ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Population Surveys ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objective: Our objective was to assess a 10-yr change in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) among Finnish men and women. Design and Subjects: Two cross-sectional population surveys were performed in Finland in 1992 and 2002. A total of 3495 participants aged 45–64 yr were included in the analysis. Results: In both years the metabolic syndrome was more common among men than women. In men the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome tended to increase slightly between 1992 and 2002, from 48.8–52.6% (P = 0.139) based on the NCEP definition, and from 51.4–55.6% based on the IDF definition (P = 0.102). In women the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome increased significantly from 32.2–39.1% based on the NCEP definition (P = 0.003), and from 38.0–45.3% based on the IDF definition (P = 0.002). In both sexes the prevalence of high blood pressure decreased, but the abnormalities in glucose metabolism increased between 1992 and 2002. The prevalence of central obesity increased in women between 1992 and 2002. Conclusions: In Finland the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, based both on the NCEP and IDF definitions, is higher in men than women. However, the increase in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, from 1992–2002, was significant only among women.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adults with Central Obesity at Janakpur Zone, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Birendra Kumar Jha ◽  
Mingma Lhamu Sherpa ◽  
Binod Kumar Dahal ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Background: Urbanization, surplus energy uptake, decreased physical activities are general risk factors of metabolic syndrome However, it’s status, and associated components remain unexplored in the Terai region of Nepal. This study evaluated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among adults with central obesity of Terai region of Nepal using International Diabetes Federation criteria.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in three Terai districts of Janakpur Zone, Nepal. A total of 378 adults having central obesity were selected using cluster sampling by camp approach. Interview, physical and clinical examination, measurement of fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were conducted for all participants. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components with 95% CI were estimated.Results: The metabolic syndrome prevalence was 74.9% (95% CI:70.2-79.2%), with no significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI:71.0-83.5%) and female (72.2%, 95% CI: 65.2-78.3%). The most common factors observed were low high density lipoproteins with highly significant differences between male (77.7%, 95% CI:71.0-83.5%)) and female (90.2%, 95% CI: 85.094.0%-; p=0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia with significant differences between male (57.6%, 95% CI: 50.1-64.5%) and female (46.9%, 95% CI: 39.7-54.2%; p=0.037). Conclusions: Higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in Janakpur of Nepal likely suggest lack of awareness and health promotion activities for metabolic syndrome and indicate an urgency for a public health program to maintain quality of life. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Nepal; prevalence; risk factors; terai

scholarly journals Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 18-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Penjaskovic ◽  
Dejan Sakac ◽  
Jovanka Dejanovic ◽  
Radovan Zec ◽  
Nada Zec-Petkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is a cluster of medical disorders, is common and it is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between characteristics of metabolic syndrome and the grade of diastolic dysfunction. The study included 72 patients (29 male and 43 female), who had central obesity and at least two of the other four characteristics of metabolic syndrome according to IDF (International Diabetes Federation) criteria. The exclusion criteria were age above 65, impaired systolic function (left ventricular ejection fraction <55%), atrial fibrillation, valvular and pericardial heart disease. Diastolic function was determined according to the criteria of the American Society of Echocardiography. There was a positive correlation between the number of characteristics of metabolic syndrome and the diastolic dysfunction grade (p<0.0001). The positive correlation was found between the grade of diastolic dysfunction and the waist circumference (p<0.0001), arterial hypertension (p<0.001), pared glucose tolerance/diabetes (P=0.0063), and hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.0262). A low level of high-density lipoprotein did not show a statistically significant correlation. The presence of metabolic syndrome is associated with the presence of diastolic dysfunction. The grade of diastolic dysfunction is dependent on the number of coexisting characteristics of metabolic syndrome. Arterial hypertension, central obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia showed a significant correlation with the degree of diastolic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Adipokines, Metabolic Syndrome and Rheumatic Diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Abella ◽  
Morena Scotece ◽  
Javier Conde ◽  
Verónica López ◽  
Verónica Lazzaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders that result from the increasing prevalence of obesity. The major components of MetS include insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. MetS identifies the central obesity with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis, have increased prevalence of CVDs. Moreover, CVD risk is increased when obesity is present in these patients. However, traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not completely explain the enhanced cardiovascular risk in this population. Thus, MetS and the altered secretion patterns of proinflammatory adipokines present in obesity could be the link between CVDs and rheumatic diseases. Furthermore, adipokines have been linked to the pathogenesis of MetS and its comorbidities through their effects on vascular function and inflammation. In the present paper, we review recent evidence of the role played by adipokines in the modulation of MetS in the general population, and in patients with rheumatic diseases.

scholarly journals A Clinical Profile of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Determinants among Police Officers in Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Febyan ◽  
Krisnhaliani Wetarini ◽  
. Rendy ◽  
Chintia Septiani Thintarso ◽  
Ketut Suastika
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
P Value ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
And Gender

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is defined as a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which includes hyperglycemia, central obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to describe the clinical profile of metabolic syndrome among police officers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the police officers who performed the screening program at Bhayangkara Hospital Denpasar. The data was obtained by anamnesis, physical examination from anthropometric measurements and blood pressure, and laboratory findings. All data was computerized and analyzed using SPSS v.24. Criteria of metabolic syndrome was established using modified 3rd Adult Treatment Panel, International Diabetes Federation. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the police officers who performed the screening program in the period of January-June 2019 was 68.7%. Males (87.3%) were found to be more frequent than females (12.7%), and the most prevalent age were ranging from 36-45 years old (62.7%). A significant association was found between the metabolic syndrome event and gender (OR=0.169, 95% CI=0.078-0.366, p-value <0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the police officers was high, especially in male. The most frequent component of metabolic syndrome found in both male and female was central obesity. Association was found between metabolic syndrome and gender. 

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION AND COMORBIDITY (REVIEW)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Irina Agababyan ◽  
◽  
Shukhrat Ziyadullaev ◽  
Jamshid Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Today, hypertension is considered by many authors within the framework of the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. It has been established that in persons with hypertension in 60% of cases, various variants of MS are found. In addition, hypertension is a factor that reduces the quality of life of patients, especially those with comorbid pathology

Cardiovascular Risk Assessement in Osteoporotic Patients Using Osteoprotegerin as a Reliable Predictive Biochemical Marker

2018 ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Noora Wael Rasheed ◽  
Ooroba Jameel Taresh
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

       Some studies indicated a relationship between increased serum levels of osteoprotegerin with arterial calcification and as a result, it leads to the risk of cardiovascular disease. In our study group we selected patients with osteoporosis, with similar age and body mass index for the assessment of the relationship between cardiovascular disease and osteoprotegerin serum level. We took into account the analysis of correlation and association between the presence of distinct patterns of atherosclerosis and associated diseases like high blood pressure,  diabetes mellitus, low HDL cholesterol, increased LDL cholesterol, increased triglycerides and was the case of presence of any type of dyslipidemia, in case of pre-existent treatment. Objective of study was the assessment of osteoprotegerin value as predictive marker for cardiovascular and metabolic risk in osteoporotic patients. Our results showed significant correlations of parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin and biochemical markers of bone with glucose metabolism and lipid were found in our research, maintaining crosstalk between calcium and biochemical markers of bone and cardiovascular risk. The serum level of Osteoprotegerin has been shown to have a large predictive value for the metabolic syndrome as a cardiovascular risk standard in patients with osteoporosis. The osteoprotegerin serum levels were increased in the patients with metabolic syndrome as a protective response facing the atherosclerotic lesions.

Role of genetic factors in the development of hypertension in young patients with metabolic syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Elena Korneeva ◽  
Mikhail Voevoda ◽  
Sergey Semaev ◽  
Vladimir Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Integrin Αiibβ3 ◽  
Ace Gene ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Results of the study related to polymorphism of ACE gene (rs1799752)‎, integrin αIIbβ3, and CSK gene (rs1378942) influencing development of arterial hypertension in young patients with metabolic syndrome are presented. Hypertension as a component of the metabolic syndrome was detected in 15.0% of young patients. Prevalence of mutant alleles of the studied genes among the examined patients was quite high, so homozygous DD genotype was found in 21.6%, and mutant D allele of the ACE gene in 47.4%. A high risk of hypertension in patients with MS was detected in carriers of the T allele of the CSK (rs1378942) gene – 54.8%, which was most often observed in a combination of polymorphic ACE and CSK gene loci (p = 0.0053).

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