scholarly journals PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN TEPUNG KEONG MAS PADA LEVEL BERBEDA DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS DAN KARKAS ENTOK

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
TAMI, I W. ◽  
I M. MASTIKA ◽  
I M. NURIYASA
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Muscovy Ducks

An experiment was conducted on the replacement of fish meal with golden snails meal at different level onperformance and carcass of muscovy ducks. A randomized complete block design (RCBD), with five treatmentsand four replications was used in this study so in other words there were 20 experiments unit conducted. Muscovyducks were given diet using 15% fish meal as a control diet (R0), the replacement of 25% fish meal with golden snailsmeal (R1), the replacement of 50% fish meal with golden snails meal (R2), replacement 75% fish meal with goldensnails meal (R3) and 100% replacement of fish meal with golden snails meal (R4). Meal Rations and drinking waterare provided adlibitum. The results of the experiment showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05)among in five treatments on the performances and carcass of muscovy ducks. The results also showed Muscovyduck given diet 75% replacement of fish meal with golden snails meal (R3) produced the highest performance andcarcass. Based on the results of this experiment it was concluded that the replacement of fish meal with goldensnails meal up to 100% did not affect performance and carcass of muscovy ducks.

Effect of Bio and Organic Fertilizers on Pumpkin's (Cucurbita pepo L.) Leave Content of N, P, and K

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-245
Author(s):  
Ammar Hameed Madi ◽  
Jawad A. Kamal Al-Shibani
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bacterial bio-fertilization A. chroococcum and P. putide and four levels of compost (0, 1, 2, 3) tons.h-1 on the leaves content of N.P.K elements. The experiment was carried out in one of the greenhouses of the College of Agriculture - University of Al-Qadisiyah during fall season 2018-2019. It designed in accordance with the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates in sandy loam soil. The means of treatments were compared with the least significant difference (LSD) at (5)% probability level. The results present that the treatments of A. chroococcum, P. putide and compost at (3) tons.kg-1 significantly increases the leaves content of K.P.K compared to all other treatments in the flowering stage (4.970, 0.5000, and 4.930) mg.kg-1, respectively. This treatment was followed by the effect of the treatment of A. chroococcum and compost at (3) tons.kg-1, which increases the values of all traits except the leaf content of (P). Bio-fertilizer with P. putide + A. chroococcum significantly increases the leaves' content of P.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY ON KIDNEY FUNCTION IN FERAL DOMESTIC CATS (Felis catus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Dionesio A. Estopa
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
One Year

This experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of unilateral nephrectomy on kidney function through hematological and urological values after surgery using feral domestic cats.  Four (4) apparently healthy stray male cats were caught and used as experimental animals in this study. The animals were grouped into two (2) with two cats in each group. Grouping of the animals was based according to age, the 1st group – ages one year and above (>1 year) and the 2nd group – ages one year and below (<1 year).  A split plot randomized complete block design was used in the experiment. The result shows that rectal temperature and packed cell volume have been affected on both age group of cats and other urological values like the presence of urobilinogen, protein, leukocytes, erythrocytes and crystals were elevated twenty four hours after surgery. A significant increase on the level of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen has been noted from the 3rd and 15th post – operative day. However, no significant difference was noted between experimental animals and the two age groups, all of which have similar result. The findings of the study revealed that the remaining kidney could not completely compensate the function of the other kidney up to the 15th post – operative day, it may take longer than fifteen days. Hence, proper supportive treatment, post-operative care & management of animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy is a must and should continue beyond fifteen days.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF HARDWOOD BARK MULCH ON THE WINTER SURVIVAL OF EIGHT CULTIVARS OF GARDEN CHRYSANTHEMUMS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1097c-1097
Author(s):  
William F. Hayslett ◽  
P. R. Thangudu ◽  
Sabrina Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Flowering Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cold Hardy

A field study was conducted at Tennessee State University's research station to evaluate the effect of hardwood bark mulch on the winter survival of garden mums. A randomized complete block design was used. Cultivars used were adorn, encore, grandchild, jackpot, legend, minnautumn, minnwhite and triump. At the end of the flowering season the tops were removed leaving a four inch stubble in the mulch. The number of mum plants that resumed growth the following spring were counted for each cultivar. There was a difference in the winter survival of the different cultivars as well as a significant difference in the mulch treated and the control. Grandchild and jackpot were most cold hardy followed by encore, minnwhite, minnautumn, triump, legend, and adorn. Grandchild and jackpot with four inches of hardwood bark mulch had an 88 percent survival while the control had a 44 percent survival. Adorn. had a 51 percent survival with four inches of mulch and a 20 percent survival in the control. This data shows that hardwood bark mulch holds a great potential for providing excellent winter protection for garden mums.

scholarly journals PSIV-16 Effect of a 1-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride of butyric-, caproic- and caprilic acid, and Avilamycin on performance and intestinal E. coli when fed to piglets challenged with E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Peter Ader
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract This study examined the effect of 1-monoglycerides and 1,2-diglycerides of butyric-, caproic- and caprylic acid (SILOHealth™ 104L [monoglycerides]) and avilamycin on day 14 and 21 post weaning performance of E. coli (GN-Ent and O157:H7) day 5 challenged piglets fed corn/soy diets that met or exceeded current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 96, Choice Genetics CG32, piglets were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 piglets/pen x 3 treatments x 8 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were orally dosed with 5 ml (1x109 CFU/g, strain GN-Ent and O157:H7) E. coli d 5 after weaning (Ec). The treatment were: NC with Ec; T1=NC + 3 kg/MT monoglycerides; T2=NC+ 80 ppm avilamycin. Least significant difference was used to compare means of treatment. Mortalities and pen removals were weighed and recorded. The E. coli infection model was effective in causing E. coli mortality of 25% at d14 post weaning and 33% at d21 post weaning in NC. T1 and T2 reduced mortality versus NC at d14 (25, 3 and 0%, P < 0.05) and d21 (33, 4 and 0%, P < 0.05), increased ADG at d14 (203, 255 and 259 g, P < 0.05) and d21 (456, 511 and 515 g, P < 0.05), decreased FCR at d21 (1.90, 1.85 and 1.83, P < 0.05), and decreased intestinal E. coli, log 10 of CFU/g, versus NC (4.1, 2.2 and 2.1, P < 0.05). Monoglycerides and avilamycin performance, mortality and intestinal E. coli log 10 were not significantly different at P < 0.05. In conclusion, the use of monoglycerides improved ADG, reduced FCR, reduced mortality and reduced intestinal E. coli log 10 at day 14 and 21 post weaning versus NC and monoglycerides were not significant different (P < 0.05) than avilamycin.

scholarly journals Performance of Six Genotypes of Tritordeum Compare to Bread Wheat under East Mediterranean Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9700
Author(s):  
Ioanna Kakabouki ◽  
Dimitrios F. Beslemes ◽  
Evangelia L. Tigka ◽  
Antigolena Folina ◽  
Stella Karydogianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Set Up

Four advanced tritordeum lines were studied and compared to two commercial varieties of tritordeum and wheat cultivars in yield and quality features, in Greece. For this purpose, a two-year experiment was established in the Greek territory. The field experiment was set up in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with blocks, with different lines and varieties. Head emergence was calculated based on Growing Degree Days (GDDs), which was significantly affected by the year. The significance of differences between treatments was estimated by using Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test with significance level p = 0.05. The weight of 1000 seeds of the two commercial varieties differed from the equivalent weight of 1000 seeds of tritordeum lines, approximately 1 g. Yield was significantly affected by lines/varieties and year. Compared to tritordeum yield, wheat yield marked the highest values. This difference was almost 2 kg ha−1. Gluten content was significantly affected by lines/varieties. The highest gluten content was firstly noticed at wheat GENESIS (34.2%) variety and secondly at tritordeum Aucan (33.2%) variety. Protein was higher in tritordeum lines HT-1704 (15.5%), HT-1707 (15.1%) and Aucan variety (15.2%) during the first experimental year. Tritordeum seems to have significant adaptability to dry conditions in Greece and significant yields compared to the existing commercial varieties and bread wheat.

Dry matter yield and chemical content of forage sorghums intercropping with annual legumes.

1969 ◽  
Vol 96 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael W. Colbert ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
James S. Beaver
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Annual Legumes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench 'Brown midrib' (BMR)] and annual legumes lablab [Lablab purpureus L. 'Rongai' (L)] and mucuna [Mucuna pruriens L. 'Vine 90 d' (M)] are suitable fodder for the dairy industry in Puerto Rico, but BMR harvested at 90 days, usually has low crude protein (CP, 6%) content, which limits its usefulness. There is the possibility of increasing the CP by intercropping legumes with BMR, but this option has been only slightly investigated. This study proposes to compare BMR in monoculture and in intercropping with 'Rongai' (SL) and 'Vine 90 d' (SM), in addition to L and M in monoculture, in terms of total leaf mass (FM) and botanical components (sorghum, legumes and weeds) and chemical (CP and fiber fractions) at two harvest times. The experimental plots (25 m2) were sown in February and August 2008 in a randomized complete block design with five replications. At each harvest time, 2 m2 MF area was sampled 90 days after sowing. Data were analyzed by using the MIXED procedure of SAS and mean separation tests were performed by using F-protected LSD at 95% level of confidence. No significant differences (combining fodder botanical component and weeds) were detected for the total MF between BMR and BMR associated with legumes in monoculture, with mean values of 8.94, 8.81, and 8.42 Mg/ha for BMR-'Rongai', BMR-'Vine 90 d', and BMR, respectively. Overall, there was no significant difference in MF between May and August (8.1 vs. 7.5 Mg/ha). 'Rongai' yield (Mg/ha) did not change between May and August (3.6 vs. 3.0) but was lower in the intercrop (2.74) than in monoculture (3.94). 'Vine 90 d' had the lowest yield of 2.8 and 1.3 Mg/ ha in May and August, respectively. No differences (P > 0.05) in NDF and ADF content between BMR and BMR-'Rongai'-'Vine 90 d', whose values were 60.1 and 63.9% and 40.1 and 46.5%, respectively. However, differences (P < 0.05) were found in CP content between monoculture and intercropping, with values of 14.1, 11.1, and 6.0% for 'Rongai', 'Vine 90 d', and sole BMR, respectively, whereas the BMR-'Rongai' and BMR- 'Vine 90 d' CP were 9.8 and 9.1%, but these last values exceed by three units the percentage in BMR. In conclusion, BMR intercropped with 'Rongai' and 'Vine 90 d' improved the forage chemistry and helps to control weeds while favoring the performance of desirable botanical components.

scholarly journals Nutrient Yield of Brown Hemp and Its Utilization as Protein Source in Concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native Cattle Performances

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Supreena Srisaikham ◽  
◽  
Pipat Lounglawan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Composition ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Yield ◽  
Native Cattle ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of cutting ages and height on the nutrient composition and yield of brown hemp (BH) in concentrate diets on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. The first experiment was to determine the effects of cutting ages (30, 40 and 50 days) and height (30, 40 and 50 cm) on the nutrient composition and yield of BH. The experiment was a 3×3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design. This study clearly showed that cutting ages at 50 days had a greater effect on the nutrient composition and yield than at 30 and 40 days, but the cutting heights did not reveal any significant differences in yield. However, the BH cutting for animal feed before plowing, besides improving the soil for green manure, also benefited feed resources. The second experiment was to study the effects of BH meal (BHM) in concentrate on Brahman×Thai-Native cattle performances. Twelve cattle, averaging 252 ± 18 kg body weight and at ages of 16-18 months were stratified randomly and assigned to one of the three feeding treatments. Cattle were fed BHM in different ratios: the treatments were 0, 10, and 20% of BHM, respectively. There were no significant differences in the dry matter intake among the treatments of 0, 10 and 20% of BHM in concentrate rations. For average daily gain, the minimum response observed was a significant difference at the highest level of 20% of BHM. Therefore, 10% of BHM can be used in the concentrate rations for beef cattle.

scholarly journals Response of Rapes (Brassica napus L.) to Nano- Iron Fertilization under semi-arid Region conditions

Bionatura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa A. Mutlag ◽  
Nagam A. Meshaimsh ◽  
Hasan H. Mahdi ◽  
Raghad S. Mouhamad ◽  
Hasan H. Khamat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

The field experiment was conducted in the season of 2017-2018 at the Agricultural Research Department-AL-Azafrinih/Baghdad-Iraq. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding the Foliar Fe fertilization (Nano-Fe) and ground fertilization of (N, P) in the growth and production yield of rapes (Brassica napus L.). The experiment included three levels of foliar fertilization (Nano-Fe) that is (0, 5, 10 Kg. ha-1) and one level of ground fertilization (N 100 Kg. ha-1, P 250 Kg. ha-1). The experiment designed according to Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications each parameter. The studied traits were nutrients content (macro-micro) in seeds and soil, the percentage of protein, oil, and carbohydrate. All data were analyzed and used statistically. Results showed a significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization and nutrient content (N, Mn, K, Ca, Mg, S, and Cu), pH in soil at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Moreover, the significant difference between Nano-Fe fertilization, yield (1425.6 kg. ha-1), the percentage of oil (52.16%), protein content in seeds (46.5%), carbohydrate (26.8%), Nutrient content N and P in seeds at the level of 10 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization and the nutrient content (Ca, Mg, Fe) in seeds at levelof5 kg. ha-1, compared to no-fertilization. Current results suggested that Nano-Fe fertilization at the level of 10 kg. ha-1 can be adopted as the best level for rapes (Brassica napus L.) cultivation under semi-arid conditions.

scholarly journals Growth assessment of juvenile oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) intercropped with fruit vegetables in a rainforest zone of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Ayodele Samuel OLUWATOBI ◽  
Kehinde Stephen OLORUNMAIYE ◽  
Olabisi Fatimo ADEKOLA
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Oil Palms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Assessment

<p>Improper intercropping of <em>Elaeis guineensis</em> with other crops has impaired the growth and development of the oil palm due to competition for environmental resources. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of intercropping on the growth of juvenile oil palm for 2 years. The research commenced during the rainy season of 2016 at an established juvenile oil palm plantation in Ala, Akure-North Local Government of Ondo State. Four fruit vegetables were intercropped separately within the alley of the plantation at 1, 2 or 3 m away from the oil palms in a randomized complete block design. Growth parameters of the juvenile oils were assessed. Results revealed that at 16 weeks after intercropping (WAI), the intercropped oil palm recorded better growth performance with higher canopy spread, number of frond, number of leaflets and trunk height (218.20, 37.00, 87.48 and 38.17 cm) respectively, than the sole oil palms (214.67, 32.83, 72.89 and 31.67 cm) respectively. There were no significant difference in all the growth parameters examined except canopy height (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Juvenile oil palm cultivated in rainforest agroecological zone of Nigeria can be intercropped with fruit vegetables without any deleterious effect when intercropped at minimum of 1 m away from the oil palms.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of M3 lines of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) for vegetative parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 10795
Author(s):  
Mohammed BABAGANA ◽  
Olamide A. FALUSI ◽  
Aliyu N. ABDULKADIR ◽  
Alhassan MOHAMMED ◽  
Hauwa SHEHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Number Of Branches

Vegetative parameters of eight M3 (third mutant generation) lines of sesame were evaluated under rain fed condition. The seeds of the lines were sown alongside their respective controls using a randomized complete block design. The eight lines were generated from three parental stocks: NCRIBEN-04E (V1), NCRIBEN-01M (V2) and NCRIBEN-03L (V3). The three parental stocks were exposed to different doses of gamma irradiation from cobalt-60 source. 04E-550-G2-3 had the highest plant height (57.40) at the 6th week which was significantly different (P<0.05) from the three checks. 03L-450-G2-2 had the highest petiole length (12.45cm) which was significantly different (P<0.05) from the checks except check three (12.25cm) which was not significantly different (P>0.05). 03L-450-G1-2 had the highest number of leaves (91) and consequently highest number of branches (5.60). Although the number of leaves were significantly different (P<0.05) from Check three (54.60), there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the number of branches and check three (5.40). The results obtained for vegetative parameters of M3 lines of sesame suggests that some of the genotypes could be used as potential parents for future breeding programmes aimed at improving sesame lines.

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