scholarly journals Tax incentives as an element of the state's economic policy

KANT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Niiara Demiroglu

The article considers the necessity and relevance of tax incentives, and its types: "tax holidays", "tax haven", "tax havens", "investment credit", "accelerated depreciation", "tax deferral". The goals of economic tax incentives are systematized. The classification of tax benefits is generalized. Conclusions are drawn about the need to assess the effectiveness of tax incentives.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakholiuk Anatolii ◽  

The article is devoted to the analysis of legal bases of taxation of innovative activity in the agrarian sphere. The peculiarities of the application of the main measures of tax stimulation of innovative activity in the agricultural sphere, such as «tax holidays», accelerated depreciation of fixed assets, special tax regime, exemption from import duties are highlighted. It is concluded that the tax incentives applied to agricultural producers mainly have an indirect impact on the development of innovation in the agricultural sector. Tax benefits that directly relate to the development of innovation in agriculture, in most cases provided for in special sectoral legislation (agricultural, economic), which excludes the possibility of their application in practice until the relevant amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine. The necessity of making changes to the legislation in order to optimize the taxation of agrarian business and development of innovations in the agrarian sphere of the economy of Ukraine is substantiated. Keywords: agricultural sphere, innovations in agriculture, taxation, tax incentives, tax holidays, special tax regime


Author(s):  
O. O. Nepochatenko ◽  
◽  
P. K. Bechko ◽  
N. V. Lisa ◽  
S. A. Ptashnyk

The article provides a theoretical justification for tax incentives for industrial enterprises under market conditions of their activities. According to modern economic theory, which is the basis of the domestic tax system, the most effective are horizontal and vertical structures to stimulate industrial production, able to increase production and sales of its competitiveness in world markets, and businesses to operate on self-financing and self-sufficiency. A set of general scientific and special methods of scientific cognition was used to solve the tasks set in the process of research. Application of a systematic approach, methods of induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, which made it possible to comprehensively and comprehensively consider the theoretical foundations of tax incentives for industrial enterprises, to determine the results of the application of horizontal and vertical organization of tax incentives. When systematizing the results of tax incentives for industrial enterprises, methods of scientific generalization, analysis and synthesis were chosen. Given the importance of tax incentives for industrial enterprises in modern conditions in the domestic tax system, there are a number of unresolved issues, which are essentially debatable on the theoretical justification of this problem and its practical solution aimed at increasing production and sales of industrial products, expanding markets. The results of the study show that horizontal tax incentives are more acceptable, as the situation on the world market is changing very quickly, and business needs certainty, provided that the state determines which segments of the national economy are a priority. The efficiency of tax holidays, preferential rates, investment tax credits and free trade zones are more promising for the development of industrial production at the horizontal level. With a vertical strategy for the development of industrial production, priority is given to export-oriented investment tax credits, in particular tariff or tax benefits, investment benefits. The proposed measures of tax stimulation of industrial production will stimulate the development of enterprises using the strategy of modernization of the production base through the renewal of fixed assets, the introduction of advanced advanced technologies, financing of scientific developments. These measures can ensure synergies, especially if the equipment to be purchased by industrial enterprises will be domestically produced.


2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grantley Taylor ◽  
Grant Richardson ◽  
Roman Lanis

ABSTRACT This study examines the individual and joint effects of multinationality, tax havens, and intangible assets on transfer pricing aggressiveness. Based on a hand-collected sample of 286 publicly listed U.S. multinational firms over the 2006–2012 period (2,002 firm-year observations), the regression results indicate that multinationality, tax haven utilization, and intangible assets are significantly positively associated with transfer pricing aggressiveness. The regression results also show that firms magnify their international transfer pricing aggressiveness through the joint effects of intangible assets, multinationality, and tax havens. Overall, the empirical findings demonstrate that the utilization of tax havens and the level of intangible assets are economically important factors that assist firms in obtaining tax benefits through transfer pricing aggressiveness. Data Availability: All data are available from public sources identified in the paper.


2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Andrey Glotko ◽  
Gennady Lyaskin

The article analyzes the problem of optimization of tax benefits in formation of tax policy at the regional level. The application of a systematic approach in improving the regional tax regime has been substantiated. The content and functions of tax benefits have been determined. The classification of tax incentives is presented. The characteristic of the tax policy of the Altai Republic is given on the basis of the recommendations of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation. The structure and dynamics of tax expenditures in the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation are analyzed. The orientation of the tax policy of the Altai Republic towards improving regional legislation with the continuation of the course towards creating favorable conditions for development of entrepreneurship and stimulating the investment attractiveness of the region is revealed. A number of offers for improving the tax policy of the Altai Republic in terms of optimizing the system of tax incentives have been substantiated.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Barth ◽  
Yanfei Sun ◽  
Shen Zhang

Purpose The exact criteria used by state governors for choosing opportunity zones (OZs) are not publicly available. This paper aims to examine whether state governors selected the most distressed communities, or those with the highest proportions of minorities, as OZs. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares the distressed communities chosen as OZs in states throughout the country to an equal number of those eligible distressed communities but not selected. Moreover, this paper uses regression analysis to determine whether the poverty rate, median family income, population, percentage of population that is minority and the percentage of population that is African American are significant explanatory factors in the choice of OZs. Findings After describing the tax incentives for investing in OZs, this paper documents that governors did not select many of the most distressed communities, or those with high proportions of minorities, in their individual states. Originality/value This paper describes in some detail the way in which investors may generate tax benefits by investing in eligible property or businesses in OZs. It also examines the extent to which the degree of poverty and the percentage of the population that is minority (and African American) were key factors in the selection of OZs. It arises an issue that the chosen communities are not necessarily those most in need of more investment or those heavily populated by minorities, particularly African Americans.


Percurso ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Valmir César POZZETTI ◽  
André Fregapani LEITE ◽  
Ana Carolina LUCENA

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar os critérios utilizados para aprovação dos incentivos fiscais as empresas produtoras de agrotóxicos, como objetivo específico analisar quais são os incentivos fiscais concedidos ás empresas produtoras de agrotóxicos, qual o processo e critérios para aprovação destes, verificar o atual cenário e quais as políticas públicas estão sendo implementadas, se o direito à alimentação saudável está sendo obeservado de acordo com a legislação vigente e agências fiscalizadoras, qual a repercussão do uso dos agrotóxicos no meio ambiente, nas lavouras, e quais as consequências do uso dos agrotóxicos na sáude da população. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi o método dedutivo; quanto aos meios foi desenvolvida através do método dedutivo/descritivo; quanto aos meios a análise foi a bibliográfica, com uso da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudencia. Quanto aos fins, a pesquisa foi qualitativa. Conclui-se que os incetivos fiscais à produção de agrotóxicos são injustificáveis, uma vez que a concessão desses benefícios não seguem critérios objetivos; que existe uma verdadeira relação feudal do Estado brasileiro e as empresas transnacionais produtoras de agrotóxicos; que o agronegócio brasileiro é totalmente depedente do uso desses produtos, criando uma relação servil; que o discurso utilizado para a concessão dos benefícios fiscais é de que o agrotóxico aumenta a produção agrícola gerando emprego e desenvolvimento econômico, mas as políticas públicas no que tange aos agrotóxicos, são dúbias e obscuras, não há transparência na concessão dos benefícios e nem quais são as empresas contempladas; que a falta de critérios objetivos traz prejuízos a economia brasileira, pois há redução nas receitas tributárias, recursos esses, que poderiam ser investidos em outras áreas, aumentando a margem de lucro das empresas; que os incentivos criam competição desleal entre os alimentos naturais e os cultivados com agrotóxicos, além de contaminar o meio ambiente, trabalhadores rurais e a população de forma indireta; que a concessão de incentivos não possui como critério a exigência da não produção de externalidades negativas que o Estado terá que arcar pelo uso indiscriminado e prolongado dos agrotóxicos. Concluiu-se que é necessário a imposição de critérios para a utilização dos agrotóxicos, transparência no processo de contemplação de isenções, valorização dos alimentos naturais e agricultura familiar, informando a população dos malefícios dos agrotóxicos, e a quebra do paradigma de dependência dos agrotóxicos.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Agrotóxicos; Incentivos fiscais; Empresas.ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to analyze the criteria used to approve tax incentives for agrochemical companies, as a specific objective to analyze the tax incentives granted to companies, the process and criteria for approval of pesticides, to verify the current scenario and which public policies are being implemented, whether the right to healthy food is being observed in accordance with current legislation and enforcement agencies, what is the repercussion of the use of pesticides on the environment, on crops, and what are the consequences of the use of pesticides in health of the population. The methodology used in this research regarding the means was developed through the deductive, descriptive and qualitative method, through the doctrinal, bibliographical and jurisprudential analysis. As for the purposes, the research was qualitative. It is concluded that tax incentives are unjustifiable, since the concession of these benefits do not follow objective criteria, there is a true feudal relation of the Brazilian State and the transnational companies producing agrochemicals, the Brazilian agribusiness is totally dependent on the use of these chemicals, this dependence creates a true slavish relationship, the discourse used to grant tax benefits is that agrotoxicology increases agricultural production by generating jobs and economic development, but public policies regarding pesticides are dubious and obscure, there is no transparency in the the lack of objective criteria is detrimental to the Brazilian economy, since there is a reduction in tax revenues, money that could be invested in other areas, increase the profit margin of companies, creates unfair competition between food and contamination of the environment, rural workers and the population in an indirect way, and the negative externalities that the State will have to pay for the indiscriminate and prolonged use of agrochemicals do not enter into the criteria for granting fiscal benefits. The solution will be to change criteria for the use of pesticides, transparency in the process of contemplating exemptions, valuation of natural foods and family farming, informing the population of the harmful effects of pesticides, and breaking the paradigm of dependence on agrochemicals.KEYWORDS: Agrochemicals; companies; tax incentives.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Irwan Aribowo ◽  
Deny Irawan

This research contains about how tax holiday as one of the tax incentives used by the Indonesian government to attract investment Ease of Doing Business index (EoDB)  released by the World Bank. Tax holiday is expected to be able to provide a positive signal to investors that Indonesia is the right country to invest in. In this paper it was found that tax holidays are not capable of attracting investment alone, but other factors are needed in order for tax holidays to be successful in attracting investment. Penelitian ini berisi tentang bagaimana tax holiday sebagai salah satu insentif pajak yang digunakan oleh pemerintah Indonesia untuk menarik investasi Karena pajak merupakan salah satu yang menjadi perhitungan dalam indeks kemudahan bisnis yang dirilis oleh Bank Dunia. Tax holiday diharapkan mampu memberikan sinyal positif kepada para investor bahwa Indonesia adalah negara yang tepat untuk berinvestasi. Dalam penelitian ini dtemukan bahwa tax holiday tak mampu sendirian menarik investasi, akan tetapi dibutuhkan faktor-faktor lain agar tax holiday berhasil menarik investasi,


2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas D. Schultz ◽  
Kyle Scott

ABSTRACT We examine the taxation of corporate income earned in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and how the repeal of the possession tax credit available under Internal Revenue Code (IRC) §936 resulted in many U.S. companies converting former possessions corporations into controlled foreign corporations. Although Puerto Rico is a U.S. territory, the conversions highlight that corporations organized under the laws of the Commonwealth generally are foreign corporations for U.S. tax purposes. A U.S. Senate Subcommittee reports Microsoft Corporation shifted offshore the recognition of nearly one-half of its U.S. net retail sales revenue for the period 2009–2011 by transferring intellectual property rights to a controlled subsidiary in Puerto Rico. We find that the corresponding U.S. tax benefits are significant compared to the credits once claimed under IRC §936, and over 20 percent of Standard & Poor's (S&P) 500 firms were in a similar position to avoid federal taxation by shifting income between political subdivisions of the United States.


2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Dyreng ◽  
Michelle Hanlon ◽  
Edward L. Maydew

ABSTRACT We investigate the relation between tax avoidance and tax uncertainty, where tax uncertainty is the amount of unrecognized tax benefits recorded over the same time period as the tax avoidance. On average, we find that tax avoiders, i.e., firms with relatively low cash effective tax rates, bear significantly greater tax uncertainty than firms that have higher cash effective tax rates. We find that the relation between tax avoidance and tax uncertainty is stronger for firms with frequent patent filings and tax haven subsidiaries, proxies for intangible-related transfer pricing strategies. The findings have implications for several puzzling results in the literature.


2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Михаил Кучин ◽  
Mikhail Kuchin ◽  
Елена Егорова ◽  
Elena Egorova ◽  
Людмила Черникова ◽  
...  

One of the main areas of the economy currently is the development of innovative businesses. To help with this, the state is using direct and indirect methods of support and tax incentives for science, technology and innovation businesses. Tax incentives have become one of the main tools of innovation policy of developed countries, which are used not only to support and stimulate innovation, but also to create a favorable national environment in order to attract foreign R & D. Tax incentives are one of the most flexible tools. The system of tax incentives does not require the creation and maintenance of a separate administrative apparatus, since it is based on the existing tax system, which reduces the costs of its application to public authorities. Tax incentives are more efficient due to the stability of tax benefits in comparison to direct subsidies, since the levels of subsidization are reviewed annually and may vary considerably, and the tax rates change much less frequently. In modern conditions high expectations are associated with medium and small innovative enterprises at universities and research institutes, they play the role of the engine of the country in an innovative track of development. Thanks to this special purpose medium and small enterprises have tax benefits that would increase their investment attractiveness. The needs of innovative businesses at universities and research institutes are reflected in the Tax Code of Russia. For example, the recently adopted amendments to Article 346.12 of the second part of the Tax Code, which increase the possibility of small innovative enterprises on the use of different tax regimes and tax benefits. However, small and medium-sized innovative enterprises have still many problems, most of which are associated with funding sources.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document