scholarly journals Implementation Of Criminal Actions Against Malpractice By Medical Personnel

Ius Poenale ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Zara Shelli Meirosa
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Government

Providing health services to the community is very important, where every community must get proper health services and according to permission from the government. However, in terms of providing services to the community, things that are not supposed to be done by medical personnel are not uncommon, such as malpractice. Malpractice in the provision of health services by medical personnel is a legal problem that must be addressed immediately. One way is through criminal threats for the perpetrators. In Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health, there have been many provisions regarding criminal sanctions for medical personnel who make mistakes in carrying out their health practices. This action must be assessed in terms of criminal law to impose sanctions on perpetrators who have committed malpractice. The research method used in this study uses a normative approach method. Normative research is legal research, carried out by examining library materials or secondary data as the necessary material to be studied by searching for the regulations and literature related to the problem under study. The approach to the problem used is the statutory approach. The results of this study answer that the types of malpractice committed by medical personnel are when in malpractice, in addition to actions that are considered negligence, some actions are included in the category of deliberate action and violating the law, the existence of an act, due to serious injury, the causal relationship between severe injuries and forms of action, the existence of forms of actions and the existence of consequences: wounds that cause disease; and injuries which prevent him from carrying out occupational work, or searching for a specified time. Malpractice that is done intentionally is a form of pure malpractice, including in criminal malpractice. Furthermore, the legal consequence of malpractice committed by medical personnel is the emergence of criminal liability for medical personnel as legal subjects which are closely related to proving someone's actions (medical personnel) to be included in the criminal malpractice category if the act fulfills the formulation of criminal offenses. Therefore, the imposition of criminal sanctions against medical personnel who commit malpractice can be punished. This research suggests that law enforcement officials should take an active role in handling malpractice cases in health services

scholarly journals Criminal Liability against a Doctor Who Does Not Have a License Practices in Providing Health Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Redyanto Sidi ◽  
Kharmaedisyah Putra ◽  
Mirza Kesuma
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
Research Show

Doctors and medical personnel who perform the activities of the medical service must have permission practices of the country in accordance with applicable regulations, and the provision of medical services must be in accordance with the authority of the medical profession. Doctors who perform the activities of health services must have a Letter of Permission Practices of the government in accordance with the regulations in force, in the conduct of health services should be based on the competency of medicine. If in providing health deviate from the rules that have been specified then it will get penalized in accordance with the applicable legislation. This research using the method of normative legal research that is done by researching secondary data collected with the approach of the study of literature to study secondary data associated with the service issues the practice of medicine. Secondary Data in this research consists of primary and secondary legal materials are compiled systematically and analyzed qualitatively. The results of this research show that the Forms of criminal acts in the health services is a criminal offence which is regulated in the criminal code as well as regulated in the Law Practice of Medicine. Health services provided to patients without registration letter doctor is one of the forms of criminal acts that is set in the Law Practice of Medicine. Someone who is committing a crime, including criminal acts in the service of health must account for his actions. Its criminal a person must be proven about the crime that he did. Ability is responsible for an element of error, then to prove the existence of a fault element of the last to be proven again. Keywords: Criminal Liability, Health Services, A Letter Of Permission Physician Practice.

scholarly journals CONSIDERATION OF THE JUDGES AGAINST CRIMINAL CORRUPTION PERPETRATORS GRATIFICATION IN THE PROCESS OF AUCTION PROCUREMENT OF GOODS/SERVICES IN THE GOVERNMENT REGENCY OF PESAWARAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Tria Dara Norma ◽  
Intan Nurina Seftiniara
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
National Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Government ◽  
Empirical Approaches ◽  
Financial Losses

Corruption impacts the state's financial losses and inhibits national development. As a result of the corruption crimes that occur so far in addition to the financial harm of the country or the country's economy, it also inhibits the growth and continuity of national development that demands high efficiency. The research methods used in this paper are juridical normative, and empirical approaches. The data used is secondary data and primary data. Data analysis using qualitative analysis of juridical. The judges were corrupt that the granting of criminal sanctions against gratuities had to be more severe because the defendant's actions were a form of error to be taken into account, no justification or excuse that eliminated criminal liability for the defendant. The judge must provide a fair criminal verdict for the defendant meaning that it is intended to provide a deterrent impact on the perpetrator of the crime, so as not to repeat the occurrence of the same crimes and expected for law enforcement officials especially judges in the sanction of defendants, judges can explore the legal values contained within the community. It is intended to create a sense of fairness towards society. It is expected that governments and academics and legal practitioners conduct periodic discussions/seminars to discuss attempts to address corruption.

scholarly journals DISCOURSE: CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR THE FAILURE OF NATIONAL / REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Taufik Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
State Region ◽  
The Government

National / Regional Development Planning (PPN/D) is a derivation of political promises of the head of state / region, hence the National and Regional Development Planning tends to be momentary interests of the head of state / region and / or elitists around him. The National and Regional Development Planning which is put into the program and made as a project can be colored by the elements of corruption, collusion and nepotism and that the program / project is likely to be executed at random. The liability for acts of corruption, collusion, and nepotism that leads to the failure of the National / Regional Development Planning is still noticeably blurry and so light, and limited only when the accountability report of the implementation of the National and Regional Development Planning is declared “rejected”, then the head of state / region concerned would be requested to fix it and / or he could no longer run. On the other hand, the National / Regional Development Planning must have used a large number of resources, so it is interesting to see more deeply, such as the possibility of criminal sanctions which can be imposed as a “deterrent” of a bad faith of the whole process National / Regional Development Planning. Based on those mentioned above, this paper will discuss the possibility to request criminal liability for the failure of the National / Regional Development Planning. The research method used is qualitative descriptive, using secondary data, a literature search. Since the head of state/region is the responsibility center of the government administration, the head of state / region must be responsible for the implementation of National / Regional Development Planning. The rejection of the accountability report presented by the head of state / region is a measure of the failure of the National/Regional Development Planning. Since the National / Regional Development Planning is a derivation of the political promises of the head of state / region at the time of the election campaign, the criminal offenses of fraud could be made as the basis of criminal liability for the failure of the National / Regional Development.

scholarly journals Membangun Komunikasi dalam Sinergi Pelayanan Kesehatan di Kabupaten Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Ditha Prasanti ◽  
Ikhsan Fuady ◽  
Sri Seti Indriani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
District Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Village

The "one data" policy driven by the government through the Ministry of Health is believed to be able to innovate and give a new face to health services. Of course, the improvement of health services starts from the smallest and lowest layers, namely Polindes. Starting from this policy and the finding of relatively low public health service problems, the authors see a health service in Polindes, which contributes positively to improving the quality of public health services. The health service is the author's view of the communication perspective through the study of Communication in the Synergy of Public Health Services Polindes (Village Maternity Post) in Tarumajaya Village, Kertasari District, Bandung Regency. The method used in this research is a case study. The results of the study revealed that public health services in Polindes are inseparable from the communication process that exists in the village. The verbal communication process includes positive synergy between the communicator and the communicant. In this case, the communicators are village midwives, village officials, namely the village head and his staff, the sub-district health center, and the active role of the village cadres involved. In contrast, the communicant that was targeted was the community in the village of Tarumajaya. This positive synergy results in a marked increase in public services, namely by providing new facilities in the village, RTK (Birth Waiting Home).   Kebijakan “one data” yang dimotori oleh pemerintah melalui Kementerian kesehatan diyakini mampu membuat inovasi dan memberikan wajah baru terhadap layanan kesehatan. Tentunya, perbaikan layanan kesehatan tersebut dimulai dari lapisan terkecil dan terbawah yakni Polindes. Berawal dari kebijakan tersebut dan masih ditemukannya masalah pelayanan kesehatan publik yang relatif rendah, penulis melihat sebuah layanan kesehatan di Polindes, yang memberikan kontribusi positif dalam peningkatan kualitas layanan kesehatan masyarakat. Pelayanan kesahatan tersebut penulis lihat dari perpektif komunikasi melaui penelitian Komunikasi dalam Sinergi Pelayanan Kesehatan Publik Polindes (Pos Bersalin Desa) di Desa Tarumajaya, Kecamatan Kertasari, Kabupaten Bandung ini dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pelayanan kesehatan publik di Polindes, tidak terlepas dari adanya proses komunikasi yang terjalin di desa tersebut. Proses komunikasi verbal tersebut meliputi sinergitas positif antara pihak komunikator dan komunikan. Dalam hal ini, komunikator tersebut adalah Bidan Desa, Aparat Desa yakni Kepala Desa beserta staffnya, Puskesmas tingkat kecamatan, serta peran aktif dari para kader desa yang terlibat. Sedangkan komunikan yang menjadi target adalah masyarakat di desa Tarumajaya. Sinergitas positif tersebut menghasilkan peningkatan pelayanan publik yang nyata, yaitu dengan adanya penyediaan fasilitas baru di desa, RTK (Rumah Tunggu Kelahiran).

scholarly journals Kualitas Pelayanan Pasien BPJS di Rumah Sakit

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Raina Dwi Miswara ◽  
Samodra Wibawa
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Queuing System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Public services have become an important issue in Indonesia for more than a decade. One of them is health services, which is one of the basic needs whose provision must be held by the government as mandated in Article 28 H of the Constitution. For this reason, the Social Insurance Administration Organization (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial, BPJS) was established on 1 January 2014. Are services to patients covered by BPJS satisfiying enough? This paper answers this question through literature studies and observations, comparing four hospitals in Java and two outside Java. It was found that there were still many problems in this service, and the most prominent was the queuing system that was unsatisfactory and too few staff and medical personnel and rooms compared to the increasing number of BPJS patients. In order to maintain public trust, the government needs to resolve this problem immediately

scholarly journals Pelayanan Kesehatan Ibu, Anak, dan Keluarga Berencana di Puskesmas Cirimekar, Bogor

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Winnie Tunggal Mutika ◽  
Magda Doria ◽  
Mita Meliani Putri ◽  
Ninda Sari ◽  
Yohana Anggriani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Narrative Form ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
The Government

Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Puskesmas) adalah organisasi fungsional yang menyelenggarakan upaya kesehatan yang bersifat menyeluruh, terpadu, merata, dapat diterima, terjangkau oleh masyarakat, dengan peran serta aktif masyarakat dan menggunakan hasil pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi tepat guna, dengan biaya yang dapat dipikul oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat. Salah satu tugas dan fungsi puskesmas adalah melaksanakan enam upaya kesehatan wajib diantaranya adalah upaya pelayanan kesehatan ibu, anak, dan keluarga berencana. Penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif (explanatory research). Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi serta wawancara kepada tenaga kesehatan dan pasien khususnya yang menerima pelayanan kesehatan ibu, anak, dan keluarga berencana di Puskesmas Cirimekar. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah panduan wawancara evaluasi pelayanan dari tim praktik klinik Program Studi Kebidanan Universitas Gunadarma. Hasil wawancara dan observasi dibuat dalam bentuk narasi sehingga dapat diberikan ke lahan praktik untuk meningkatkan pelayanan Puskesmas Cirimekar. Hasil pelayanan kesehatan ibu, anak, dan keluarga berencana menunjukkan prosedur pelayanan, waktu pelayanan, sarana dan prasarana yang terdapat di puskesmas sudah cukup baik.Keterbatasan sumber daya manusia yaitu petugas kesehatan yang ada di Puskesmas Cirimekar menyebabkan waktu tunggu lebih lama yang ditunjukkan adanya antrian pasien KIA dan KB sehingga pelayanan yang diberikan dirasa kurang optimal.    Public health center (Puskesmas) is a functional organization who held comprehensive, integrated, and acceptable health efforts to society with active role from society and using  science and technology, with cost comes from the government and society. Puskesmas duty is doing six health efforts obligatory in society, one of the obligatory is mother, child, and family planning health services. This research is using explanatory research. Data was collected through observation and interviews with health workers and patients, especially those who received maternal, child and family planning health services in Puskesmas Cirimekar. The instrument used was service evaluation interview guide from the clinical practice team of the Program Study of Universitas Gunadarma. The results of interviews and observations were made in narrative form so that they could be given to practice fields to improve Puskesmas Cirimekar services.Result from interview and observation processed using descriptive analysis. The result shows that health service for mother, child and family planning health services in Puskesmas Cirimekar is pretty good based on procedure, time and facilities. But, the limited of human resources (health workers) in Puskesmas Cirimekar sometimes make a long queue for services at mother health, child health and also family planning, and it makes the services not optimal.

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI RSUD DR. MOEWARDI SURAKARTA TERHADAP KETERLAMBATAN PEMBAYARAN KLAIM OLEH BPJS KESEHATAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Asna Zamharira ◽  
Arief Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Health Insurance Program ◽  
The Government

<p>Abstract<br />This articles aims to find out how legal protection for health facilities is towards late payment of claims by BPJS Health. The research method used in writing this law is a normative juridical research method that is research that uses secondary data or literature that is supported by primary data in the field as supporting data. Analysis of data using qualitative analysis. The results of the study revealed that health services in implementing the Health Insurance program between RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta with BPJS Health is based on a collaboration agreement between RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta with BPJS Kesehatan about Advanced Level Referral Health Services for Participants in the Health Insurance Program, one of which is the contents of a cooperation agreement regarding the payment system of claims. The claim system is carried out by referring to the agreement. In the system of claims there were still obstacles that is the delay in the payment of claims by BPJS Kesehatan to the hospital. As a form of legal protection, to resolve the problem of late payment of claims made in accordance with the cooperation agreement and Perpres No. 82 Tahun 2018 concerning Health Insurance. The Government and BPJS Kesehatan are expected to be able to make claims payments in accordance with the terms or agreed cooperation agreements.<br />Keywords: Cooperation agreement; Claim; BPJS Kesehatan; Hospital.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi fasilitas kesehatan tehadap keterlambatan pembayaran klaim oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah metode penelitian yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian yang menggunakan bahan-bahan hukum sekunder atau kepustakaan yang ditunjang dengan data primer di lapangan sebagai data pendukung. Data diolah dan dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pelayanan kesehatan dalam melaksanakan program Jaminan Kesehatan antara RSUD DR. Moewardi  Surakarta dengan BPJS Kesehatan didasarkan pada perjanjian kejasama antara RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta dengan BPJS Kesehatan tentang Pelayanan Kesehatan Rujukan Tingkat Lanjutan bagi Peserta Program Jaminan Kesehatan yang salah satu isi perjanjiannya mengenai sistem pembayaran klaim. Sistem pembayaran klaim dilakukan dengan berpedoman pada perjanjian kerjasama. Dalam sistem klaim masih ditemui hambatan yaitu terjadinya keterlambatan pembayaran klaim oleh BPJS Kesehatan kepada rumah sakit. Sebagai bentuk perlindungan hukum, untuk penyelesaian permasalahan keterlambatan pembayaran klaim dilakukan sesuai dengan perjanjian kerjasama dan Perpres No. 82 Tahun 2018 tentang Jaminan Kesehatan. Pemerintah dan BPJS Kesehatan diharapkan dapat melaksanan pembayaran klaim sesuai dengan ketentuan atau perjanjian kerjasama yang telah disepakati.<br />Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Kerjasam; Klaim; BPJS Kesehatan; Rumah Sakit.</p>

scholarly journals PENGATURAN TINDAK PIDANA DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 32 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP (Tinjauan Fiqh Al- Bi’ah)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ridwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

The setting of environmental law in Indonesia has started to improve since the Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management contains criminal act for every person who violates the provisions. It is stated in Article 98, 99, 100. This research method is a library or literature research which is conducted to gather secondary data in the field of environmental law and fiqh al-bi’ah. This research is normative law research while the nature of this research is descriptive analysis. It aimed to give a systematic illustration on legal norms that was found in law number 32 of 2009 and environmental fiqh accurately and the criminal sanctions review used in both arrangements. In this study there were two questions first, how is the arrangement of criminal act in Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection Management. The second is whether the concept of fiqh al bi’ah is in line with Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection Management. The result from this study is that the criminal act contained in the Law No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection Management has not been enough to trap the environmental destroyer so that the government is expected to revise the unsuitable articles. Furthermore, the result of this research shows the similarity concept between fiqh al bi’ah and environmental governance in Indonesia. The concept offered by fiqh al bi’ah is a part of maqashidul syari’ah where Islam strongly recommended to maintain the environment. Keywords: environment, Fiqh Al-Bi’ah, Maqashidul Syari’ah

scholarly journals Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) Dan Pidana Denda Dalam Rangka Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Pandemi Coronavirus Disease (Covid)-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 687-694
Author(s):  
Kartono Kartono
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Alternative Sanction ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe trend of the spread of Coronavirus (Covid)-19 which continues to soar has an impact on society for health, peace and safety of the soul.  Public awareness and compliance with laws and regulations and the government's call for a Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy are important not to be violated or ignored.  The application of criminal sanctions for fines is an alternative sanction in law enforcement so that people are deterred, educated and as a means of government social control. The research method is normative juridical supported by empirical research using secondary data in the form of books, legislation and the internet. Type of qualitative research. The results of the study concluded that the government must be firm in applying criminal sanctions and criminal fines as an alternative to making people deterrent, educated and as a means of social control Keywords: PSBB, Criminal Fines, Prevention.

scholarly journals ASPEK HUKUM INFORMED CONSENT DAN PERJANJIAN TERAPEUTIK

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Muh Amin Dali ◽  
Warsito Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The State ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Relationship

(Legal Aspect Of Informed Consent And Therapeutic Agreement). Health is one of the basic rights guaranteed by the state. Therefore, the state is obliged to prepare instruments to protect the health services of citizens. In practice, one of the tools regulated by the state in guaranteeing health services is the Medical Action Agreement. In the medical world, Medical Action Approval is better known as Informed Consent. The approval of this Medical Action will be contained in a written agreement known as the Therapeutic Agreement. This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of informed consent and therapeutic agreements based on formal law in Indonesia. The scope of the discussion is the study of the relationship between the Patient Party and the Medical Personnel in the Informed Consent and Therapeutic Agreement and analysis of its formal legal aspects. The results of the study are expected to be a legal reference for the community and also the medical staff so as to increase understanding and legal awareness that lead to improving the quality of health care workers. The approach used in this study is a normative juridical approach and analytical descriptive nature. This study uses secondary data obtained from primary and secondary legal materials. The results of the study describe the analysis of the legal aspects of protecting the rights and obligations of health services for both patients and medical personnel.Kesehatan adalah salah satu hak dasar masyarakat yang dijamin oleh negara. Maka dari itulah negara berkewajiban menyiapkan perangkat-perangkat dalam melindungi hak pelayanan kesehatan warga negara. Dalam praktiknya, salah satu perangkat yang telah diatur oleh negara dalam menjamin pelayanan kesehatan adalah Persetujuan Tindakan Medis. Dalam dunia medis, Persetujuan Tindakan Medis lebih dikenal dengan istilah Informed Consent. Persetujuan Tindakan Medis ini akan dituangkan dalam perjanjian tertulis yang dikenal dengan Perjanjian Terapeutik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Aspek Hukum informed consent dan Perjanjian Terapeutik berdasarkan hukum formil di Indonesia. Ruang lingkup pembahasan adalah pada kajian mengenai hubungan antara Pihak Pasien dan Pihak Tenaga Medis dalam Informed Consent dan Perjanjian Terapeutik serta analisis aspek hukum formilnya. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi hukum bagi masyarakat dan juga para tenaga medis sehingga dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran hukum yang mengarah pada peningkatan kualitas pelayan kesehatan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dan bersifat deskriptif analitis. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian mendeskripsikan analisis aspek hukum tentang perlindungan hak dan kewajiban pelayanan kesehatan bagi pihak pasien maupun tenaga medis.

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