scholarly journals The Costs of Legal Limbo for Refugees in Canada: A Preliminary Study

Refuge ◽  
2005 ◽  
pp. 77-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Coates ◽  
Caitlin Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government

This paper is designed to provide a preliminary understanding of the barriers facing refugees in legal limbo in Canada. In particular, it will focus on the economic implications, for both protected persons and Canadian society at large, of maintaining tens of thousands of individuals in this difficult situation for extended periods of time. The findings are preliminary, and designed to indicate future avenues of research, as well as potential roadblocks to research in this area. The paper also includes some of the results of a survey of Convention refugees and the refugee-supporting organizations, conducted by the Public Justice Resource Centre. The initial conclusions indicate that the costs of limbo are large enough to warrant serious reconsideration of this stage of Canada’s refugee determination policy. The rationale for this study was to help key decision makers see the futility and the unnecessary cost to the government of keeping refugees in limbo.

The 1912 Duma Elections: The State, the Opposition and the Clergy

Orthodoxia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
F. A. Gayda
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Press ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

This article deals with the political situation around the elections to the State Duma of the Russian Empire in 1912 (4th convocation). The main actors of the campaign were the government, local administration, liberal opposition and the clergy of the Orthodox Russian Church. After the 1905 revolution, the “official Church” found itself in a difficult situation. In particular, anti-Church criticism intensified sharply and was expressed now quite openly, both in the press and from the rostrum of the Duma. A consequence of these circumstances was that in this Duma campaign, for the first time in the history of Russian parliamentarianism, “administrative resources” were widely used. At the same time, the authorities failed to achieve their political objectives. The Russian clergy became actively involved in the election campaign. The government sought to use the conflict between the liberal majority in the third Duma and the clerical hierarchy. Duma members launched an active criticism of the Orthodox clergy, using Grigory Rasputin as an excuse. Even staunch conservatives spoke negatively about Rasputin. According to the results of the election campaign, the opposition was even more active in using the label “Rasputinians” against the Holy Synod and the Russian episcopate. Forty-seven persons of clerical rank were elected to the House — three fewer than in the previous Duma. As a result, the assembly of the clergy elected to the Duma decided not to form its own group, but to spread out among the factions. An active campaign in Parliament and the press not only created a certain public mood, but also provoked a political split and polarization within the clergy. The clergy themselves were generally inclined to blame the state authorities for the public isolation of the Church. The Duma election of 1912 seriously affected the attitude of the opposition and the public toward the bishopric after the February revolution of 1917.

Discursive Democracy and New Labour: Five Ways in Which Decision-Makers Manage Citizen Agendas in Public Participation Initiatives

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Williams
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
New Labour ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labour Policy ◽  
The Government

New Labour's conceptualisation of public participation in local government creates a tension in public participation practice. Government legislation and guidance require local authorities to develop and provide citizen-centred services, engage the public in policy-making and respond to the public's views. Seen in this light, New Labour policy draws from radical democratic discourse. However, local authority staff are also expected to act in accordance with the direction set by their line managers, the Council and the government and to inform, engage and persuade the public of the benefit of their authority's policies. In this respect, New Labour policy draws from the discursive model of civil society, conceptualising public participation as a method for engendering civil ownership of the formal structures of representative democracy. Tension is likely to arise when the ideas, opinions and values of the local authority differ from those expressed by the participating public. This paper uses a local ‘public participation’ initiative to investigate how the tension is managed in practice. The study shows how decision-makers dealt with the tension by using participatory initiatives to supply information, understand the views of the public and encourage public support around pre-existing organisational agendas. Problems occurred when citizens introduced new agendas by breaking or manipulating the rules of participation. Decision-makers responded by using a number of distinctive methods for managing citizens’ agendas, some of which were accompanied by strategies for minimising the injury done to citizens’ motivations for further participation. The paper concludes that New Labour policy fails to deal with the tensions between the radical and discursive models of participation and in the final analysis draws mainly from the discursive model of participation. Furthermore, whilst New Labour policy promotes dialogue between the public and local authority, it does not empower local authority staff to achieve the goal of citizen-centred policy-making.

scholarly journals The Endurance and the Transformation of the Traditional Boats Race

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasushi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Fishing Village ◽  
The Public ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Western Japan ◽  
The Government

Now Japanese fishery and fishing villages are confronted with a difficult situation, for example, the erosion of fishing population, aging and etc. For this reason, Japanese fishery and fishing villages are asked for multilateral functions rather than only fishery production to survive themselves. In these social context, how fishing villagers do practice the folk festival in Japan? Firstly this article, giving a traditional event of boat race in a fishing village in south western Japan, clarifies the endurance and the transformation of it. Secondly, considering the causes and the conditions, this research sheds light on the significance of the practices between fishermen and the public, and on the problems of the powers between the fishing village and the government. Finally, it discusses the framework of research to be able to capture contemporary Japanese small scale fishery.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Prevention of COVID-19 Infection on Households: Evidence From Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110624
Author(s):  
Hafiz Jaafar ◽  
Nur Amalina Abd Laziz ◽  
Muslimah Ithnin ◽  
Amirah Azzeri
Keyword(s):  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 infection resulted in significant economic implications to patients as well as a considerable financial burden to the general population for preventive measures. A descriptive study was conducted among staff at one of the public universities in Malaysia to estimate the monthly out-of-pocket expenditures for preventive measures used for COVID-19 infection. The study tool includes questions on household out-of-pocket expenditure and the measurements of the impact of the expenditure on household income. It was found that the average cumulative monthly expenditures related to the preventive measures were US$ 45.90 (Ringgit Malaysia 187.77), which was 4.3% of the household income. The highest expenditures were for traditional and complementary medicine followed by nutraceutical/supplements and disposable facemask. 8% of the households in this study incurred more than ten per cents of their monthly household income for expenditures related to COVID-19 preventive measures. Several households are experiencing substantial financial implications for preventive measures related to COVID-19 infection. This study highlights the out-of-pocket expenditures incurred for preventive measures were substantial for certain households. Effective initiatives from the government on providing subsidized protective personal equipment and a cost-sharing approach could help to alleviate the household financial burden.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI TOKOH MASYARAKAT TERHADAP ASPEK POLITIK EKSISTENSI PEKERJA SEKS KOMERSIAL (PSK) DI EKS LOKALISASI RAWA LAUT PANJANG SELATAN BANDAR LAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-201
Author(s):  
Sidi Ritaudin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Insecurity ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government

Abstract: This study aims to reveal perceptions of community leaders on the political aspects of the existence of commercial sex workers (PSK) in the former South Long Sea Swamp Localization. Bandar Lampung. Social insecurity caused by discriminatory government policies and lack of partiality towards people who are marginalized in social life has until now become a kind of destiny of life. Power is always always, will get challenges, rejection and lack of trust. The choice for power certainly carries a number of risks. One mandate in carrying out power is to favor the interests of the community and the public interest above personal or group interests. This was revealed in a preliminary study in an interview with the head of RT 13 Environment 1 Kelurahan Panjang Selatan that social inequality was due to inequality in policy making by the government. The political aspect of the existence of commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the former south long localization questioned the background that caused the powerlessness of the government in dealing with this problem.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap persepsi tokoh masyarakat terhadap aspek politik eksistensi pekerja seks komersial (psk) di eks Lokalisasi Rawa Laut Panjang Selatan. Bandar Lampung. Kerawanan sosial yang disebabkan oleh kebijakan pemerintah yang diskriminatatif dan sepi dari keberpihakan terhadap orang-orang yang termarginalisasi pada kehidupan sosial, hingga kini telah menjadi semacam takdir kehidupan. Kekuasaan selalu saja, akan mendapatkan tantangan, penolakan sekaligus kekurangpercayaan. Pilihan untuk berkuasa tentu saja membawa sejumlah resiko. Salah satu amanah dalam mengemban kekuasaan adalah memihak kepentingan masayarakat dan kepentingan umum di atas kepentingan pribadi atau golongan.[1] Hal ini terungkap dalam studi pendahuluan pada wawancara dengan ketua RT 13 Lingkungan 1 Kelurahan Panjang Selatan bahwa ketimpangan sosial terjadi karena ketimpangan pengambilan kebijakan oleh pemerintah. Aspek politik eksistensi pekerja seks komersial (PSK) di eks lokalisasi panjang selatan  mempertanyakan  latarbelakang yang  menyebabkan ketidakberdayaan pemerintah dalam menangani masalah ini [1] “Baca, ”Kritik dan Tirani Kekuasaan”, dalam Moh. Mahfud, dkk (ed.), Kritik Sosial dalam Wacana Pembangunan, Yogyakarta : Pusat Penerbitan UII Press, 1997), h. xii.,” .

Ageing society may hinder lowering drug prices

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Failure ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Ageing Society ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Lowering Drug

Significance Expense to the public is also a concern both parties share when it comes to pharmaceutical prices; both want to see reductions. This has become a major political issue, with considerable economic implications if addressed. Impacts Senator Elizabeth Warren has proposed permitting the government to manufacture generic drugs in limited circumstances. Warren’s bill is unlikely to pass but highlighting areas of market failure could attract investment to those areas. Increased government funding of basic research would indicate a higher chance of passing laws reducing pharma firms’ profits.

Inequality, Growth, and Congestion Externalities

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde Aiyemo ◽  
AKM Mahbub Morshed
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Externalities ◽  
Capital Income ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distributional Properties ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Congestion Externalities

Abstract We describe and numerically simulate the aggregate and distributional properties of an endogenous growth model with an infrastructure externality which is subject to relative congestion. We show that the congested externality induces higher growth, greater inequality, labor/leisure trade-off ambiguities and an ineffective capital income tax for the government to achieve long-term redistribution goals. We demonstrate the economic implications of congestions in production and consumption externalities on the public to private capital ratio, growth and income distribution. Finally, we discuss alternative tax options for promoting inclusive growth.

scholarly journals A Framework to Classify Environmental Inequity in Absolute and Relative Terms, and Its Application in Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4757
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Wu ◽  
Junhao Zhou ◽  
Wen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
The Public ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Case Application ◽  
The Government ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Potential Use

Although reducing environmental inequities is widely recognized as an essential step towards sustainable cities, decision-makers frequently lack the tools to identify inequity distribution patterns and designing effective intervention policies. This study seeks to present a framework that can help decision-making processes by classifying environmental inequity districts in multiple perspectives, especially in absolute and relative terms. This framework includes four steps: (A) variable selection, (B) data normalization, (C) ranking indicators, (D) summarizing inequity classification, which then assign results to selected areas. The framework aims to classify and compare environmental inequities in multiple perspectives, and can be applied in various environmental problems, with advantages such as high acceptability and clear comprehensibility. To show the potential use of this framework, a case application in Beijing, China, was conducted to evaluate the environmental inequity of air pollution. The results suggest that decision-makers should focus on the central urban area and some southern regions of Beijing to implement various improvement policies. Based on the results from Beijing, how the framework can be used to help decision-makers, the future roles of this framework with the government and the public, as well as the framework’s limitations are further discussed.

scholarly journals The Delicate Acts of "Colour Balancing": Multiculturalism and Canadian Television Broadcasting Policies and Practices

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Roth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
Equality Rights ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Production ◽  
Société Canadienne

Abstract: As a symbolic demonstration of the Government of Canada's attitude toward minorities' communication rights, the Multiculturalism Act (1988) and the Broadcasting Policy Reflecting Canada's Linguistic and Cultural Diversity (1985) are paradigms of state intervention which encourage the public production, programming, and protection of certain forms of ethnicity. After critically outlining the content and historical struggle around these two policies, this paper focuses on how multiculturalism and ethnic broadcasting privilege ethnocultural and racial "diversity'' as an integral aspect of Canadian society. "Colour-balanced'' media requires the actual implementation, supervision, and monitoring by the CRTC of section 3(1)(d)(iii) of the Canadian Broadcasting Act by people whose minds are open to the recognition, in practice, of equality rights for minority ommunicators in Canada. Résumé: La Loi sur le multiculturalisme canadien (1988) et La Politique sur la radiodiffusion reflétant la diversité linguistique et culturelle du Canada (1985) démontrent de manière symbolique le point de vue du gouvernement canadien sur les droits de communication des minorités. Ce sont des paradigmes d'intervention de l'état qui encouragent la production, la programmation et la protection publiques de certaines formes d'ethnicité. Cet article présente d'abord de manière critique le contenu de ces deux politiques et la lutte historique sous-tendant celles-ci. L'article se penche ensuite sur la manière dont le multiculturalisme et la radiodiffusion ethnique mettent en valeur la "diversité" ethnoculturelle et raciale comme aspect intégral de la société canadienne. Le CRTC met à exécution la section 3(1)(d)(iii) de la Loi sur la radiodiffusion canadienne et surveille son application pour s'assurer que les médias sont représentatifs des diverses ethnies du Canada. Les administrateurs du CRTC ont les esprits ouverts et reconnaissent, en pratique, les droits à l'égalité des communicateurs minoritaires au Canada.

scholarly journals A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG KUALA NERUS MOSQUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Wan Zuriati Wan Zakaria ◽  
Norazlina Ilias ◽  
Norlidawahi Wahab ◽  
Wan Zanani @ Zalani Wan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up

Each religion has its own institution and ways of dealing with all the religious-related matters in the community. For the Muslim community, the mosque, or known as "Masjid" in Arabic, is a place of worship for performing prayers and other religious-related activities. In conducting those activities, mosques usually receive funding from public donations, fundraising, "waqaf", the government and many more. Managing a mosque fund is crucial in order to build trust among the public, and simultaneously safeguard the mosque’s financial resources. Therefore, it is important for each mosque to adopt good financial management practices in managing funds effectively. The data for this study was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 23 respondents from 14 mosques in the district of Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, to explore their financial management practices. The descriptive analysis surprisingly shows that 79% of the mosques still use a manual system in managing their funds instead of a computerized accounting system. It is timely to develop a customized accounting system to cater the needs of mosques’ management to set up a systematic and efficient fund management.

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