scholarly journals Biological and Ecological Characteristics of the Ladybird Beetle (Lemnia biplagiata Swartz, 1808) (Coccinellidae: Coleoptera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bui Minh Hong ◽  
Tran Dinh Chien
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Ladybird Beetle ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Temperature Levels

This paper studies the ladybird beetle in the laboratory at two average temperature levels:  22.2 ± 0.02 and 30.7 ± 0.03oC with average humidities of 69.5 ± 0.05 and 86.8 ± 0.06%, respectively, using Rhopalosiphum maidis as prey to observe its biological characteristics. The study results show that the ladybird beetle completes its life cycle in a time range from 19.75 ± 5.75 days at 30.7 ± 0.03oC and 86.8 ± 0,06% RH to 25.75 ± 6.50 days at 22.2 ± 0.02˚C and 69.5 ± 0.05% RH. The survival rate of ladybird larvae and the percentage of larvae aged 4 into pupae at 22.2 ± 0.02˚C and 69.5 ± 0.05% RH were higher than those at 30.7 ± 0.03oC and 86.8±0.06% RH by 32.4% and 8.24%, respectively. Using Rhopalosiphum maidis as food, the ladybird beetle larvae’s food consumption increases from age 1 to age 4 and the adults consume more food than the fourth-stage larvae by 11.60 R.maidis/day at 22.2 ± 0.02˚C and 69.5 ± 0.05% RH. At 30.7 ± 0.03oC and 86.8 ± 0.06% RH, the ladybird beetle larvae’s R. maidis food consumption at all phases was about 2.5 times higher than at 22.2 ± 0.02˚C and 69.5 ± 0.05% RH.

scholarly journals Developmental stages of a mottled emigrant butterfly, catopsilia pyranthe

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Arju ◽  
MA Bashar ◽  
G Moula
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Laboratory Condition ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Life Cycle Duration

The overall life cycle, duration and survival rate of different developmental stages (egg, larva and pupa) of Catopsilia pyranthe conducted at 27 ± 3°C and RH 75% ± 2. showed that within 6.4 days 68% eggs hatched. The average duration from egg to adult, larval stage and pupal were 23.87, 10.93 and 6.8 days, respectively. Fifty six out of 68 larvae successfully completed their whole 5 instars. There were positive correlation among the larval instars, amount of food consumption and excretion of faeces. About 52% pupa were emerged as adult at laboratory condition. Key words: Life cycle; Catopsilia pyranthe; Developmental stages; Rearing DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8961 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 171-179

scholarly journals Effect of ivermectin on the life cycle and larval fat body of Culex quinquefasciatus

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stenio Nunes Alves ◽  
José Eduardo Serrão ◽  
Giovani Mocelin ◽  
Alan Lane de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Study Results

The present work investigated the behavior, survival rate and lethal effect of 1.5 ppb ivermectin on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae, based on morphological and biological parameters, and possible alterations of their fat body. Changes in the number of eggs/egg mass and length of the larval stage were investigated. For this experiment, 600 larvae of 3rd and 4th instars of the mosquito were tested. The laid eggs were separated and the hatched larvae were counted. Some larvae submitted to 1.5 ppb ivermectin solution were used to prepare samples for histological study. Results obtained showed that ivermectin in a concentration of 1.5 ppb caused paralysis to the larvae with a mortality rate of 73.38%, mobilization of substances stored in the fat body and reduction of the number of egg laid in the adult stage.

scholarly journals Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5726
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Wewer ◽  
Pinar Bilge ◽  
Franz Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Households in Santiago, Chile: Environmental Hotspots and Policy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
Camila López-Eccher ◽  
Elizabeth Garrido-Ramírez ◽  
Iván Franchi-Arzola ◽  
Edmundo Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Freshwater Eutrophication

The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of household life cycles in Santiago, Chile, by household income level. The assessment considered scenarios associated with environmental policies. The life cycle assessment was cradle-to-grave, and the functional unit considered all the materials and energy required to meet an inhabitant’s needs for one year (1 inh/year). Using SimaPro 9.1 software, the Recipe Midpoint (H) methodology was used. The impact categories selected were global warming, fine particulate matter formation, terrestrial acidification, freshwater eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, mineral resource scarcity, and fossil resource scarcity. The inventory was carried out through the application of 300 household surveys and secondary information. The main environmental sources of households were determined to be food consumption, transport, and electricity. Food consumption is the main source, responsible for 33% of the environmental impacts on global warming, 69% on terrestrial acidification, and 29% on freshwater eutrophication. The second most crucial environmental hotspot is private transport, whose contribution to environmental impact increases as household income rises, while public transport impact increases in the opposite direction. In this sense, both positive and negative environmental effects can be generated by policies. Therefore, life-cycle environmental impacts, the synergy between policies, and households’ socio-economic characteristics must be considered in public policy planning and consumer decisions.

scholarly journals Impacts of Nanosilver-Based Textile Products Using a Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3436
Author(s):  
Hani A. Abu-Qdais ◽  
Muna A. Abu-Dalo ◽  
Yazan Y. Hajeer
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Environmental Burdens ◽  
Manufacturing Stage ◽  
Textile Products

Due to their properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in consumer products. The widespread use of these products leads to the release of such nanoparticles into the environment, during manufacturing, use, and disposal stages. Currently there is a high margin of uncertainty about the impacts of nano products on the environment and human health. Therefore, different approaches including life cycle assessment (LCA) are being used to evaluate the environmental and health impacts of these products. In this paper, a comparison between four different AgNP synthesis methods was conducted. In addition, four textile products that contain AgNPs were subjected to comparison using LCA analysis to assess their environmental and public health impacts using SimaPro modeling platform. Study results indicate that using alternative methods (green) to AgNPs synthesis will not necessarily reduce the environmental impacts of the synthesizing process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that has compared and assessed the environmental burdens associated with different nanosilver-based textile products at different disposal scenarios. The synthesis of 1 kg of AgNPs using modified Tollens’ method resulted in 580 kg CO2 eq, while 531 kg CO2 eq resulted from the chemical approach. Furthermore, the manufacturing stage had the highest overall impacts as compared to other processes during the life cycle of the product, while the product utilization and disposal stages had the highest impacts on ecotoxicity. Sensitivity analysis revealed that under the two disposal scenarios of incineration and landfilling, the impacts were sensitive to the amount of AgNPs.

scholarly journals The survival of business takeovers and new venture start-ups

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 797-826
Author(s):  
Guoqian Xi ◽  
Jörn Block ◽  
Frank Lasch ◽  
Frank Robert ◽  
Roy Thurik
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Firm Survival ◽  
Organizational Ecology ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Survival Patterns ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Business takeovers and new venture start-ups are two important and distinct entry modes of entrepreneurship. They differ from resource-based and organizational ecology perspectives. We compare firm survival patterns and determinants associated with the two entry modes. From two large French datasets, we find that business takeovers have a higher survival rate than new venture start-ups. However, these differences in survival probability reduce over the entrepreneurship life cycle and when controlling for different entrepreneur and firm characteristics. Moreover, we identify differences in determinants of survival for the two groups, highlighting a distinction between the two entrepreneurship entry modes. This work contributes to the literature on the relationship between entrepreneurship entry and firm survival, thereby contributing to both entrepreneurship and firm survival research.

Dissolution of Sulfates and Sulfides Field Scales by Developed Scale Dissolver

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany Gamal ◽  
Salaheldin Elkatatny ◽  
Dhafer Al Shehri ◽  
Mohamed Bahgat
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Petroleum Production ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Dissolution Efficiency

Abstract Oil and gas industry deals with fluid streams with different ions and concentrations that might cause scale precipitation. The scale precipitation, will thereafter, affect the fluid flow characteristics. Many problems will be raised by the scale deposition that affects the overall petroleum production. This paper aims to develop a non-corrosive acid system with high dissolution efficiency for field complex scales that have sulfates and sulfides minerals. The paper provided a series of lab analysis that covers the compositional analysis for the collected scale sample, and evaluating the developed acid system for compatible and stable properties, dissolution efficiency, and the corrosive impact. A field scale sample that has a composite chemical composition of paraffin, asphaltene, sulfides and sulfates compounds with different weight percentages by employing the diffraction of X-ray technology. Developing the new scale dissolver was achieved by specific compositional study for the organic acids to achieve high dissolution efficiency and low corrosive impact for the field treatment operations. The study results showed the successful scale removal for the developed dissolver at low temperature of 95 and 113 °F for surface treatment jobs. The dissolution efficiency recorded 62 and 71 % for 17 hours at the temperature levels respectively. The fluid showed a stable and compatible performance and has a pH of 12. The corrosion test was conducted without any scale inhibitors and the results showed the low corrosion effect by 0.0028 lbm/ft2. The obtained successful results will help to dissolve such complex field scales, maintain the well equipment, and maintain the petroleum production from scale issues.

scholarly journals Copula-Based Assessment of Co-Movement and Tail Dependence Structure Among Major Trading Foreign Currencies in Ghana

Risks ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Prince Osei Mensah ◽  
Anokye M. Adam
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Tail Dependence ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Joint Movement ◽  
Positive Dependence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Foreign Currencies ◽  
Dependence Measures

This paper examines the joint movement and tail dependence structure between the pair of foreign exchange rates (EUR, USD and GBP) against the GHS, using daily exchange rates data expressed in GHS per unit of foreign currencies (EUR, USD and GBP) between the time range of 24 February 2009 and 19 December 2019. We use different sets of both static (time-invariant) and time-varying copulas with different levels of dependence and tail dependence measures, and the study results reveal positive dependence between all exchange rates pairs, though the dependencies for EUR-USD and GBP-USD pairs are not as strong as the EUR-GBP pair. The findings also reveal symmetric tail dependence, and dependence evolves over time. Notwithstanding this, the asymmetric tail dependence copulas provide evidence of upper tail dependence. We compare the copula results to DCC(1,1)-GARCH(1,1) model result and find the copula to be more sensitive to extreme co-movement between the currency pairs. The afore-mentioned findings, therefore, offer forex market players the opportunity to relax in hoarding a particular foreign currency in anticipation of domestic currency depreciation.

scholarly journals The rise and fall of Anopheles arabiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Tanzanian village

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Charlwood ◽  
J. Kihonda ◽  
S. Sama ◽  
P.F. Billingsley ◽  
H. Hadji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Anopheles Arabiensis ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
General Applicability ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
The Village

AbstractThe continual recruitment of new individuals makes it difficult to study both the survival of multivoltine mosquitoes, and the size of the infectious reservoir in narural populations of malaria vectors. During long-term surveillance of a population of Anopheles gambiae Giles sensu lato in a Tanzanian village by daily light trapping, a temporary dry spell resulted in the cessation of recruitment for a period of 33 days, and a decline in numbers of A. arabiensis Patton caught from over 2000 to less than 10 in a sentinel house. Traps placed elsewhere in the village indicated similar proportionate declines although numbers caught varied according to location. A survival rate of 83% per day was estimated from the rate of population decline. Survival was unrelated to the size of the mosquitoes. The infectious reservoir (the chance of a mosquito acquiring an infection) was estimated to be 2% per feed. The exploitation of fortuitous events which temporarily eliminate a single stage in the life cycle has general applicability in the study of the bionomics of multivoltine insects.

scholarly journals The water-scarcity footprint of Australian adult diets – evidence from a large population health survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Ridoutt ◽  
Danielle Baird ◽  
Kimberley Anastasiou ◽  
Gilly Hendrie
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Life Cycle Initiative ◽  
Responsible Consumption ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
Dietary Water

AbstractThe food system is responsible for around 70% of global freshwater use. Pathways toward responsible consumption and production of food are therefore critically needed to ensure the planetary boundary for freshwater use is not transgressed. There is also an uneven spatial distribution of freshwater resources and human water demands, meaning that water-scarcity is acute in some regions but a lesser concern in others. Quantifying the water-scarcity impacts associated with food consumption is therefore a complex challenge due to the diversity of individual eating patterns, the very large number of individual food products available, and the many different regions where food is grown or processed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to calculate water footprints for a large number of self-selected diets. Life cycle assessment was used to model the water-scarcity footprints of 9,341 individual Australian adult diets obtained through 24-hour recall as part of the most recent Australian Health Survey. Three water-scarcity indicators were used, including the AWARE model recently developed by a project group working under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) / Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Life Cycle Initiative (www.lifecycleinitiative.org). In addition, a diet quality score was calculated for each of these diets. Our objective was to identify pathways toward healthier diets with lower water-scarcity impacts. Dietary water-scarcity footprints averaged 362 L-eq person-1 day-1 and were highly variable (sd. 218 L-eq person-1 day-1), reflecting the diversity of eating habits in the general community. The largest water-scarcity impacts were related to the excessive consumption of discretionary foods (alcoholic beverages, processed meat products, dairy desserts, cream, butter, muesli bars, confectionery, chocolate, biscuits, cakes, waffles, fried potato and extruded snacks, etc.). The potential to reduce dietary water-scarcity impacts is large, although the opportunity to intervene through amended dietary guidelines is not straightforward due to the large variations in water-scarcity footprint intensity between individual foods within a food group, and the inability of consumers to identify lower water-scarcity footprint products without food labeling. Reductions in the water-scarcity footprint of Australian food consumption are likely best achieved through reductions in food waste, technological change to improve water-use efficiency in food production, as well as the implementation of product reformulation and procurement strategies in the food manufacturing sector to avoid higher water-scarcity footprint intensity ingredients.

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