scholarly journals Gambaran Faktor Risiko Pasien Kanker Serviks di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Tahun 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430
Author(s):  
Astri Nadia Hidayat ◽  
Novita Ariani ◽  
Ida Rahman Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
High Incidence

   Cervical cancer was one of the most common malignancies in women and was the leading cause of death from cancer, especially in low and middle-income countries (developing countries). The high incidence and mortality rate in developing countries was caused by the lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and limited access to early detection, so that patients come late for treatment and were diagnosed when their condition were severe and the disease had progressed to an advanced stage. This study was conducted in the Medical Record Installation section of Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital on 11 August - 2 September 2020. The results of the study were obtained from secondary data from medical records, and data collection was taken by total sampling. Samples that have met the inclusion criteria in this study were 84 patients diagnosed with cervical cancer at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2019. The results showed cervical cancer patients at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital in 2019 were mostly in the ≥50 year age group (51.2%), multiparous category (77.4%), and High School/ equivalent category (70.2 %). Keywords : Risk Factor, Cervical Cancer, Age, Parity, Education Level

'Have a Pap smear!' – doctors, their clients, and opportunistic cervical cancer screening

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
L C Chingang ◽  
U Bischof ◽  
G Andall-Brereton ◽  
O Razum
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
High Incidence

In many middle-income countries with a high incidence of cervical cancer, organized screening programmes with the Pap test are being planned. We assessed the knowledge of, and attitudes towards, cervical screening among 63 doctors and 102 randomly selected community members in Trinidad where screening is still opportunistic. Doctors were well informed about cervical cancer, but not all knew the approximate specificity of the Pap test. Many did not routinely discuss the benefits and disadvantages of screening with their clients. Most women had heard of the Pap test, but only 56% knew its purpose; 25% would not participate in screening, stating reasons such as being in menopause or not having symptoms. More information about the aim of screening and the purpose of the Pap test must be communicated. Doctors need to keep their knowledge on screening up-to-date, and offer counselling that helps women to make an informed decision whether or not to participate in screening.

scholarly journals mHealth Interventions in Low and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Hurt ◽  
Rebekah J. Walker ◽  
Jennifer A. Campbell ◽  
Leonard E. Egede
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
System Level ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low And Middle Income

<p>The purpose of this review was to determine whether mHealth interventions were effective in low- and middle-income countries in order to create a baseline for the evidence to support mHealth in developing countries. Studies were identified by searching Medline on 02 October 2014 for articles published in the English language between January 2000 and September 2014. Inclusion criteria were: 1) written in English, 2) completion of an mHealth intervention in a low or middle-income country, 3) measurement of patient outcomes, and 4) participants 18 years of age or older. 7,920 titles were reviewed and 7 were determined eligible based on inclusion criteria. Interventions included a cluster randomized trial, mixed methods study, retrospective comparison of an opt-in text message program, a two-arm proof of concept, single arm trial, a randomized trial, and a single subject design. Five out of seven of the studies showed significant difference between the control and intervention. Currently there is little evidence on mHealth interventions in developing countries, and existing studies are very diverse; however initial studies show changes in clinical outcomes, adherence, and health communication, including improved communication with providers, decrease in travel time, ability to receive expert advice, changes in clinical outcomes, and new forms of cost-effective education.<em> </em>While this initial review is promising, more evidence is needed to support and direct system-level resource investment.</p>

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer in the Greater Accra and Ashanti Regions of Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Nartey ◽  
Philip C. Hill ◽  
Kwabena Amo-Antwi ◽  
Kofi M. Nyarko ◽  
Joel Yarney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Purpose Cervical cancer is a common cancer among women worldwide. An estimated 528,000 new cases and 266,000 deaths occurred in 2012. More than 85% of invasive cervical cancer cases occur in low- and middle-income countries. Cervical cancer ranks as the most common cancer among women in Ghana. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the descriptive epidemiology of cervical cancer in Ghana. We describe cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates for the regions served by two large hospitals in Ghana. Patients and Methods Information for women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer between 2010 and 2013 was collected from the Komfo Anokye and Korle Bu Teaching Hospitals through review of medical, computer, and pathology records at the oncology units and the obstetrics and gynecology departments. Telephone interviews were also conducted with patients and relatives. Data were analyzed using summary statistics. Results A total of 1,725 women with cervical cancer were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 11 to 100 years (mean, 56.9 years). The histology of the primary tumor was the basis of diagnosis in 77.5% of women and a clinical diagnosis was made in 22.5% of women. For the 1,336 women for whom tumor grade was available, 34.3% were moderately differentiated tumors. Late stage at presentation was common. The incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer increased with age up until the 75 to 79–year age group and began to decrease at older ages. The Greater Accra region had higher overall incidence and mortality rates than the Ashanti region. Conclusion Our study suggests that improvements in the application of preventive strategies could considerably reduce the burden of cervical cancer in Ghana and other low- and middle-income countries. The study provides important information to inform policy on cancer prevention and control in Ghana.

scholarly journals CERVICAL PAP SMEAR STUDY IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Khushnood ◽  
Priya Vijaykumar Gameti ◽  
Anisha Rajani ◽  
Mala Jain
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Background Mortality

Background: Mortality due to cervical cancer is also an indicator of health inequalities, as 86% of all deaths due to cervical cancer are in developing countries, low- and middle-income countries. Though Pap smear is a routine screening test, the overall sensitivity in detection of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is 70 - 80% .Pap smear is a simple, safe, non-invasive and cost effective method for the detection of pre-cancerous, cancerous and benign lesions of cervix. Materials and Method: Around 100 cases attending gynecology OPD consented to participate were selected between age 15-60years with complaints. Pap smear was taken and was reported by cytopathologists according to the 2001 Bethesda system. All the data were manually collected and subsequently analyzed.   Results: Maximum number of cases (37%)were seen in the age group og 31-40 years followed by 41-50 years (29%)and rest between 21-30 years (26%). 8% cases were seen in the age group of 51-60 years. NILM was reported in 48% of cases. Inflammatory smears were seen in 44% of cases. Two smears were reported as unsatisfactory.02% of cases was reported as ASCUS.LSIL was reported in 02% of cases while HSIL were reported in 01% of cases. Non specific findings were reported in 01 case. Conclusion: This study proves that PAP stain is a simple, cheap, inexpensive and easy procedure and that using PAP stain cytological screening programs conducted in developing countries can play a major role in reducing mortality and morbidity due to Cancer Cervix. Keywords: PAP stain, Cervix, Cancer

scholarly journals National trends in age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of acute kidney injury in Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Percy Herrera-Añazco ◽  
Maycol Suker Ccorahua-Ríos ◽  
Mirian Condori-Huaraka ◽  
Yerika Huamanvilca-Yepez ◽  
Elard Amaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
National Trends

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common disorder that causes high healthcare costs. There are limited epidemiological studies of this disorder in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to describe trends in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of AKI in Peru. Methods: We conducted an ecological study based on a secondary data sources of the basic cause of death from healthcare and death records obtained from establishments of the Ministry of Health of Peru for the period 2005-2016. The age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of AKI were described by region and trend effects were estimated by linear regression models. Results: During the period 2005-2016, 26,633 cases of AKI were reported nationwide. The age-standardized incidence rate of AKI per 100,000 people increased by 15.2%, from 10.5 (period 2005-2010) to 12.1 (period 2011-2016). During the period 2005-2016, 6,812 deaths due to AKI were reported, which represented 0.49% of all deaths reported for that period in Peru. The age-standardized mortality rate of AKI per 100,000 people decreased by 11.1%, from 2.7 (period 2005-2010) to 2.4 (period 2011-2016). The greatest incidence and mortality rates were observed in the age group older than 60 years. Conclusions: During the study period, incidence of AKI increased and mortality decreased, with heterogeneous variations among regions.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence and associated mortality of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease in low- and middle-income countries: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazou N Temgoua ◽  
Celestin Danwang ◽  
Valirie Ndip Agbor ◽  
Jean Jacques Noubiap
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

IntroductionChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being the major cause of mortality in these patients. Despite a high burden of CKD among patients in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), evidence on the distribution of CVD among these patients is lacking. This review seeks to determine the prevalence, incidence and mortality risks of CVD in patients with CKD in LMICs.Methods and analysisA systematic search of Medline, Scopus, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health and WHO Global Health Library databases for published studies reporting on the prevalence, incidence and associated mortality risk of CVD in CKD patients in LMICs will be conducted from 1 May 1987 to 1 July 2017 with no language restriction. Two authors will independently screen, select studies, extract data and assess the risk of bias in each study. Clinically homogeneous studies will be pooled after assessing for clinical and statistical heterogeneity using the χ2test on Cochrane’s Q statistic which is quantified by I2values; assuming that I2values of 25%, 50% and 75% represent low, medium and high heterogeneity, respectively. Funnel-plot analysis and Egger’s test will be used to detect publication bias. Results will be presented according to WHO Regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia and Western Pacific).Ethics and disseminationThis proposed study will not require ethical approval as it will be based on published data. We will publish the final report of this review in a peer-reviewed journal, and the findings will be disseminated to the appropriate health authorities.

scholarly journals Prevalensi Kanker Serviks Berdasarkan Paritas di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Septia Haryani ◽  
Defrin Defrin ◽  
Yenita Yenita
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Birth Trauma ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
High Parity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Age Of Majority

AbstrakKanker serviks menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian akibat kanker pada wanita usia reproduktif di negara berkembang. Jumlah paritas di Sumatera Barat masih cukup tinggi, paritas merupakan salah satu faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks yang berhubungan dengan hormon dan trauma saat persalinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui prevalensi kanker serviks berdasarkan jumlah paritas di RSUP. DR. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional. Data sekunder diambil dari rekam medik pasien kanker serviks di RSUP.Dr. M. Djamil Padang periode Januari 2011- Desember 2012. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari Oktober 2013 - Juni 2014. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan 63 kasus kanker serviks. Distribusi kanker serviks berdasarkan umur terbanyak pada kelompok umur >50 tahun sebanyak 27 kasus (42,9%), berdasarkan jenis pembayaran pasien kanker serviks banyak memakai jamkesmas sebanyak 21 kasus (38,1%), jenis histopatologi terbanyak ditemukan pada jenis karsinoma sel skuamosa sebanyak 46 kasus (73%) dan jumlah paritas yang terbanyak pada kelompok paritas 3-5 kali sebanyak 40 kasus (63,5%). Umur dan paritas tidak ada hubungannya dengan jenis kanker serviks.Paritas bukan merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya kanker serviks.Kata kunci: kanker serviks, paritas, histopatologi AbstractThe cervical cancer is the  first rank cause of cancer death in women of reproductive age in developing countries. The number of parity in West Sumatera is still high, parity is one of the risk factors for cervical cancer relating to hormone and birth trauma. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of cervical cancer based on parity in  Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. This research was descriptive observational study. Secondary data was taken from medical record of cervical cancer patients in Dr. M.Djamil Hospital Padang from January 2011 until  December 2012. The study was held from October 2013 until June 2014.The research found 63 cases of cervival cancer. Distribution cervical cancer by the age of majority in the age group >50 years old were 27 cases (42,9%), based on kind of payment is mostly used jamkesmas were 21 cases (38,1%), based on histopathology of majority on squamous cell carcinoma is 46 cases (73%) and based on the highest number of parity is the parity group 3-5 were 40 cases (63,5%). People’s age and parity are not related to the type of cervical cancer. Parity is not a risk factor of having cervical cancer.Keywords: cervical cancer, parity, histopathology

scholarly journals Development of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein paper-based nanokit for enhanced detection of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein in cervical cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Muthoni Mwai ◽  
Mutinda C. Kyama ◽  
Caroline W. Ngugi ◽  
Edwin Walong
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
E6 Oncoprotein

AbstractCervical cancer caused mainly by high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 strains is the second most prevalent cancer of women in Kenya. It is often diagnosed late when treatment is difficult due to very low percentage of women attending screening thus, mortalities remain high. The most available tests in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) have relatively low specificity, low sensitivity, require a laboratory setting and huge technical and financial support not readily available. HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein has been identified as a potential biomarker in a more specific early diagnosis of cervical cancer. This retrospective cross-sectional study developed a paper-based nanokit with enhanced detection of HPV 16/18 E6 oncoprotein for cervical cancer screening. The HRP labelled antibodies HPV 16 E6/18 E6-HRP (CP15) passively conjugated to citrate stabilized 20nm gold nanoparticles were evaluated for immune sensing mechanism using a recombinant viral HPV E6 protein. The diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using 50 tissue lysates from formalin fixed paraffin embedded cervical biopsy, including control (n=10), Mild Dysplasia (n=10), Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (CIN3) (n=10), Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 4 (CIN4) (n=10) and invasive carcinoma (n=10). The molecular technique used was dot blot molecular assay. A positive result was generated by catalytic oxidation of peroxidase enzyme on 3,3’,5,5’-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate. The gold nanoparticles were used to enhance the signal produced by peroxidase activity of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme giving a more sensitive assay as compared to use of non-conjugated antibody. This study provides a significantly high and reliable diagnostic accuracy for precancerous and cancerous lesions with a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 90%, a likelihood ratio for positive and negative tests as 9:1 and 1:9 respectively, a Positive Predictive Value of 97.3% and a Negative Predictive Value of 69.2%. This study avails a sensitive, rapid test using paper-based nanotechnology which can be utilised in community-based screening outreaches particularly in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Global neurosurgery, Bangladesh and COVID-19 era

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-576
Author(s):  
Robert Ahmed Khan ◽  
Moshiur Rahman ◽  
Amit Agrawal ◽  
Ezequiel Garcia-Ballestas ◽  
Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Surgical Service ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Obstacle ◽  
To Come

Background. COVID-19 has become an alarming pandemic for our earth. It has created panic not only in China but also in developing countries like Bangladesh. Bangladesh has adequate confinements to constrain the spread of the infection and in this circumstance, overall healthcare workers including neurosurgeons are confronting a ton of difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to depict the proficiency of Global neurosurgery in this COVID-19 time. Method. Global neurosurgery offers the chance of fusing the best proof-based guidelines of care. This paper demonstrated that, in low to middle-income countries, Global medical procedure has been received to address the issues of residents who lack critical surgical care. Results. Inappropriate and insufficient asset allotment has been a significant obstacle for the health system for decently giving security to the patients. The fundamental training process has been genuinely hampered in the current circumstance. Worldwide health activities have set to an alternate centre and Global neurosurgery as an assurance is slowed down. Conclusion. This paper recommended that Global neurosurgical activities need to come forward and increase the workforce to emphasize surgical service.

scholarly journals Epidemics, Lockdown Measures and Vulnerable Populations: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of the Evidence of Impacts on Mother and Child Health in Low-And- Lower Middle-Income Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Russo ◽  
Tiago Silva Jesus ◽  
Kevin Deane ◽  
Abdinasir Yusuf Osman ◽  
David McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Background: The aim of this research was to synthetise the existing evidence on the impact of epidemic-related lockdown measures on women and children’s health in low-and-lower-middle-income countries. Methods: A mixed-methods systematic review was conducted of qualitative, quantitative and mixed-methods evidence. Between November 1st-10th 2021, seven scientific databases were searched. The inclusion criteria were that the paper provided evidence on the impact of lockdown and related measures, focused on low-and-lower-middle-income countries, addressed impacts on women and child’s health, addressed epidemics from 2000-2020, was peer-reviewed, provided original evidence, and was published in English. The Joanne Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the studies, and the PRISMA guidelines for reporting. The evidence from the papers was grouped by type of lockdown measure and categories of impact, using a narrative data-based convergent synthesis design. Results: The review process identified 46 papers meeting the inclusion criteria from 17 countries whichall focussed on the COVID-19 and Ebola epidemics. The evidence on the decrease of utilisation of health services showed plummeting immunisation rates and faltering use of maternal and perinatal services, which was linked to a growth of premature deaths. Impacts on the mental health of children and women is well-established, with lockdowns associated with surges in depression, anxiety and low life satisfaction. Vulnerability may be compounded by lockdowns, as livelihoods are disrupted, and poverty levels increase. Conclusion: Limitations included that searches were conducted in late-2020 as new research was being published, and that some evidence not published in English may have been excluded. Epidemic-related lockdown measures carry consequences for the health of women and children in lower-income settings. Governments will need to weigh the trade-offs of introducing such measures and consider policies to mitigate their impacts on the most vulnerable.

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