scholarly journals OPTIMATION STUDY OF CARRAGEENAN EXTRACTION FROM RED ALGAE (Eucheuma cottonii)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Refilda ◽  
Edison Munaf ◽  
Rahmiana Zein ◽  
Abdi Dharma ◽  
Indrawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Potassium Magnesium ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

 ABSTRACT Carrageenan is a general name for polysacharides, it is made up of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium sulphat esters of galactose and 3.6-anhydrogalactose units. Research about parameters influencing extraction process of carrageenan from red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) has been studied. The parameters were particle size of red algae, pH of NaOH solution, heating time and heating temperature. About 64.30% of carrageenan was extracted from red algae (Eucheuma cottonii) under optimum condition, 425 µm particle size of red algae, solution pH 8.5, heating time 18 h, and heating temperature 95°C. The FTIR spectra of extracted carrageenan showed the same spectra as the pure carrageenan. Keywords : carrageenan, red algae (Eucheuma cottonii), and extraction    

Bioadhesive from Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles

2009 ◽  
Vol 87-88 ◽  
pp. 357-361
Author(s):  
C.Q. Fang ◽  
R. Auras ◽  
S.E. Selke
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Temperature Heating ◽  
Feedstock Material

Distiller's Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) is used to replace starch as a major feedstock material to produce bio-adhesive. The experimental conditions and the preparation process of the DDGS bioadhesive are outlined. The production and performance of DDGS adhesives were directly influenced by the heating temperature, heating time and concentration of hydroxide (NaOH) solution. When the heating temperature was 90 °C, the heating time was 10 min, and the concentration of NaOH solution was 30g/L, the yield of the DDGS adhesive was 61.6% wt/dry wt. The DDGS adhesive was less sensitivity to humidity than commercial starch adhesive.

Oil point pressure of Indian almond kernels

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Aregbesola ◽  
G. Olatunde ◽  
S. Esuola ◽  
O. Owolarafe
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Coarse Particles ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Temperature Heating

Oil point pressure of Indian almond kernels The effect of preprocessing conditions such as moisture content, heating temperature, heating time and particle size on oil point pressure of Indian almond kernel was investigated. Results showed that oil point pressure was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by above mentioned parameters. It was also observed that oil point pressure reduced with increase in heating temperature and heating time for both coarse and fine particles. Furthermore, an increase in moisture content resulted in increased oil point pressure for coarse particles while there was a reduction in oil point pressure with increase in moisture content for fine particles.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis of sandbox (Hura crepitans) shell: Effect  of pyrolysis parameters on biochar yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Ola ◽  
S.O. Jekayinfa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Shell Effect ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Hura Crepitans ◽  
Full Factorial ◽  
Production Conditions ◽  
Three Factor

Pyrolysis of sandbox shell was carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of pyrolysis parameters on the pyrolysis process and identifies production conditions for the yield of biochar. Parameters investigated were heating temperature (400, 500 and 600&deg;C), heating time (10, 20, and 30 min) and particle size of feedstock (0&ndash;1.0, 1.0&ndash;2.5 and 2.5&ndash;5.0&nbsp;mm) in a laboratory batch pyrolysis process. The experiment was designed by applying response surface methodology through a three-factor full factorial design. The quadratic polynomial model obtained explains adequately the modelled response with coefficient of correlation, R<sup>2</sup> value of 0.8698. All the three variables significantly affected the biochar yield from sandbox shell, with heating temperature being the most effective followed by heating time and particle size of feedstock. Maximum biochar yield of 39.65% wt. occurred at 400&deg;C heating temperature and 10 min heating time with 1.0&ndash;2.5 mm particle size.

Preparation of Floating TiO2/EP by Hydrothermal Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Jin Lei Bao ◽  
Xiao Yuan Fan ◽  
Wei Ping Jin ◽  
Bi Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Photocatalytic Reaction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Expanded Perlite ◽  
Light Utilization ◽  
Temperature Heating

Most of photocatalytic reaction taken place in a slurry type reactor, which is of poor light utilization and difficulty to recycling of photocatalyst. To overcome these drawbacks, a floating photocatalyst (TiO2/EP) was prepred by hrothermal method, in which EP(Expanded Perlite) was used as an substrate. Photocatalysts activity was evaluated under UV light using Rhodamine B as the pollutant model. The effect of heating temperature, heating time and dosage of EP on activity of TiO2/EP were Discussed. The results showed 2h and 200°C were the optimal conditions and the dosage of EP has no significant effect on activity of TiO2/EP. The results of XRD and SEM showed TiO2 is anatase form, well crystallized and dispersed; its particle size is about 100~150nm. This floating photocatalyst can remove about 97.4% rhodamine B(10mg/L) during 90min under UV light. It has broad prospects for engineering applications.

Nucleation Features of the Magnetite Fe3O4 Nanoparticles with the Size of 30-40 Nm for the Hyperthermia Applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Ping Zhu ◽  
Lin Zhuang ◽  
Rui Liang ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
Hui Shen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Synthesis Reaction ◽  
Nucleation Time ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Two Stages

Magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles of 30-40 nm with a low coercivity are ideal for the hyperthermia applications. The Fe3O4 particles were prepared by oxidizing Fe2+ iron with a weak oxidant NaNO3 in a N2-deaerated aqueous NaOH solution (pH=12-13) at various temperatures below 30 °C. The nucleation features are explored. When the reaction temperature increases, the particle size decreases and the nucleation time shortens. At the two stages of the synthesis reaction, the coercivity is mainly affected by the saturation magnetic flux density and particle size, respectively.

scholarly journals Study on Ultra-High Temperature Contact Solution Treatment of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu Alloys

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 842
Author(s):  
Wenming Jin ◽  
Jianhao Yu ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Hongjie Jia ◽  
Mingwen Ren
Keyword(s):  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Solution Time ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Total Strength ◽  
Cu Alloys ◽  
Short Heating Time

Contact solution treatment (CST) of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys can shorten solution time to within 40 s in comparison with 1800 s with traditional solution treatment using a heating furnace. Heating temperature is the key factor in solution treatment. Considering the short heating time of CST, the ultra-high solution temperature over 500 °C of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys was studied in this work. The effects of solution temperatures on the microstructures and the mechanical properties were investigated. The evolution of the second phases was explored and the strengthening mechanisms were also quantitatively evaluated. The results showed that solution time could be reduced to 10 s with the solution temperature of 535 °C due to the increasing dissolution rate of the second phase and the tensile strength of the aged specimen could reach 545 MPa. Precipitation strengthening was the main strengthening mechanism, accounting for 75.4% of the total strength. Over-burning of grain boundaries occurred when the solution temperature increased to 555 °C, leading to the deterioration of the strength.

scholarly journals Metal Binding Proteins

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-292
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Permyakov
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

Metal ions play several major roles in proteins: structural, regulatory, and enzymatic. The binding of some metal ions increase stability of proteins or protein domains. Some metal ions can regulate various cell processes being first, second, or third messengers. Some metal ions, especially transition metal ions, take part in catalysis in many enzymes. From ten to twelve metals are vitally important for activity of living organisms: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, manganese, iron, cobalt, zinc, nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten. This short review is devoted to structural, physical, chemical, and physiological properties of proteins, which specifically bind these metal cations.

scholarly journals Investigation of the kinetics of spontaneous combustion of the major coal seam in Dahuangshan mining area of the Southern Junggar coalfield, Xinjiang, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Shen ◽  
Qiang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Coal Seam ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Characteristic Temperature ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Coal Oxidation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

AbstractIn the present paper, with using diverse methods (including the SEM, the XRD, the TPO, the FTIR, and the TGA) , the authors analysed samples of the major coal seam in Dahuangshan Mining area with different particle sizes and with different heated temperatures (from 50 to 800 °C at regular intervals of 50 °C). The results from SEM and XRD showed that high temperature and high number of pores, fissures, and hierarchical structures in the coal samples could facilitate oxidation reactions and spontaneous combustion. A higher degree of graphitization and much greater number of aromatic microcrystalline structures facilitated spontaneous combustion. The results from TPO showed that the oxygen consumption rate of the coal samples increased exponentially with increasing temperature. The generation rates of different gases indicated that temperatures of 90 °C or 130 °C could accelerate coal oxidation. With increasing temperature, the coal oxidation rate increased, and the release of gaseous products was accelerated. The FTIR results showed that the amount of hydroxide radicals and oxygen-containing functional groups increased with the decline in particle size, indicating that a smaller particle size may facilitate the oxidation reaction and spontaneous combustion of coal. The absorbance and the functional group areas at different particle sizes were consistent with those of the heated coal samples, which decreased as the temperature rose. The results from TGA showed that the characteristic temperature T3 declined with decreasing particle size. After the sample with 0.15–0.18 mm particle size was heated, its carbon content decreased, and its mineral content increased, inhibiting coal oxidation. This result also shows that the activation energy of the heated samples tended to increase at the stage of high-temperature combustion with increasing heating temperature.

Numerical Simulation and Process Optimization of Automotive Friction Materials in Warm Pressing Forming

2013 ◽  
Vol 788 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Chun Cao ◽  
Chun Dong Zhu ◽  
Chen Fu
Keyword(s):  
Process Optimization ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Friction Materials ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temperature Heating

Warm pressing forming technology has been gradually applied to the forming of automotive friction materials. How to ensure product performance to achieve the target at the same time achieve the maximum energy saving is the research focus of this study. In this paper, by using finite element method, the field of automotive friction materials in warm pressing forming was analyzed, reveals the relationship between the temperature field and the heating temperature/heating time. Furthermore, the energy consumption was analyzed and compared it with hot pressing forming process. The results will have significant guiding to the process optimization in warm pressing forming.

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