scholarly journals Derivation of a regression equation to estimate the ratios of energy expenditure of walking on the level and on gradients to that of standing and application of the equation for the estimation of energy expenditures of grazing cows in abandoned paddy fields

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Tomoki KOJIMA ◽  
Kazato OISHI ◽  
Norihiro OHTA ◽  
Masayuki YOSHIOKA ◽  
Hajime KUMAGAI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Energy Expenditures

Measurement of ‘Basal’ and Total Metabolism in Hereditarily Obese-Hyperglycemic Mice

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth McClintock ◽  
Nathan Lifson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Isotope Method

Measurements of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were made by the Haldane open circuit method on hereditarily obese mice and littermate controls, and the energy expenditures were estimated. Studies were made on mice for short periods under ‘basal’ conditions, and for periods of approximately a day with the mice fasted and confined, fasted and relatively unconfined, and fed and unconfined. The total energy expenditures of fed and unconfined obese mice were found to be higher than those of nonobese littermate controls by virtue of a) increased ‘basal metabolism’, b) greater energy expenditure associated with feeding, and possibly c) larger energy output for activity despite reduced voluntary movement. The values obtained for total metabolism confirm those previously determined by an isotope method for measuring CO2 output.

Caloric Intake and Energy Expenditures in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Eli ◽  
Nicholas Li
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
Physical Activity Levels

Abstract Total energy expenditures for the Indian population between 1983 and 2012 are estimated to shed light on the debate concerning falling measured caloric intake during the period (A. Deaton and J. Drèze. 2009. “Food and Nutrition in India: Facts and Interpretations.” Economic and Political Weekly 44(7): 42–65). Anthropometric, time-use, and detailed employment surveys are used to estimate the separate components of total energy expenditure related to metabolism and physical activity levels. Despite a significant drop in adult physical activity levels, total energy expenditures are flat overall between 1983 and 2012. Rising metabolic requirements due to increases in weight dampened the effect of falling activity levels on total energy expenditure. In addition, the 10 percent decline in the population share of children in the period raised average total energy expenditures considerably as children have much lower metabolic requirements and activity levels than adults.

scholarly journals Energy metabolism in sedentary and active 49- to 70-yr-old women

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Withers ◽  
D. A. Smith ◽  
R. C. Tucker ◽  
M. Brinkman ◽  
D. G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living State

This study examined differences between long-term exercising (LE) and long-term nonexercising (LNE) women [ n = 24; age 56.4 ± 6.2 (SD) yr] for resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure in the free-living state by using doubly labeled water (DLW). There was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.0002) between the 12 LE (94.85 ± 8.44 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) and 12 LNE (81.16 ± 6.62 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) for RMR, but this difference was only marginally significant ( P = 0.06) when the data (MJ/day) were subjected to an analysis of covariance with fat-free mass as the covariate. The DLW data indicated that the eight most active LE (12.99 ± 3.58 MJ/day) expended significantly ( P = 0.01) more energy than did the eight least active LNE (9.30 ± 1.15 MJ/day). Energy expenditures ranged from 7.64 to 18.15 MJ/day, but there was no difference ( P = 0.96) between the LE and LNE in energy expenditure during activity that was not designed to either improve or maintain fitness. These cross-sectional data on 49- to 70-yr-old women therefore suggest that 1) aerobic-type training results in a greater RMR per unit of body mass and also when statistical control is exerted for the effect of the metabolically active fat-free mass, 2) there is a large range in the energy intake necessary to maintain energy balance, and 3) aerobic training does not result in a compensatory reduction in energy expenditure during the remainder of the day.

Travel in alpine terrain: energy expenditures for locomotion by mountain goats and bighorn sheep

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2368-2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas V. Dailey ◽  
N. Thompson Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Bighorn Sheep ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Ovis Canadensis ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Mountain Goats ◽  
Cost Of Locomotion ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Snow Conditions

We used indirect calorimetry to measure energy expenditure for locomotion by three mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) and five bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in response to variation in level of activity, slope of travel, and snow conditions. The energetic increment of standing over lying averaged 26% for the two species. We could detect no difference between species in the net cost of travel on level surfaces [Formula: see text]. Energy expended by bighorn sheep and mountain goats for lifting 1 kg of body weight one vertical metre on a 21.5° slope (ca. 37 J/(kg∙m)) exceeded the highest cost documented for quadrupeds. Energy expended walking down a 21.5° slope exceeded energy expenditure for horizontal locomotion, or was recovered inefficiently (ca. 25% recovery of potential energy). The relative increase in the net cost of locomotion in snow achieved an asymptote when sinking depth exceeded 1.2–2.0 times brisket height. The slope of the relative increase in the net cost of locomotion as a function of sinking depth/brisket height was lower for mountain goats than for any North American ungulate studied to date. Consequently, mountain goats were less efficient than other species when snow was shallow, but were more efficient when it was deep. We explain this result on the basis of interspecific differences in locomotory behavior and foot loading.

Influence of somatotropin treatment of lactating cows on maintenance energy expenditures

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. McBride ◽  
J. H. Burton ◽  
G. K. MacLeod ◽  
R. J. Early
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Lactating Cows

The maintenance energy expenditure associated with Na+, K+-transport and protein synthesis within skeletal muscle was determined for rbST-treated and untreated cows. Somatotropin had no effect on elevating the respiration of skeletal muscle or the partitioning of maintenance energy expenditures within skeletal muscle. Key words: O2 consumption, somatotropin, Na+, K+-ATPase, protein synthesis

Metabolic strategies for winter survival by Svalbard reindeer

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Cuyler ◽  
N. A. Øritsland
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
Activity Budget ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer

Lying and standing metabolic rates were determined for two tame Svalbard reindeer while the animals were in their winter lethargic state during January and February. Mean nonfasting metabolic rates for the 59-kg animals were 1.25 W∙kg−1 for lying and 1.64 W∙kg−1 for standing at rest. So the metabolic rate for standing at rest was about 1.3 times the lying resting metabolic rate (RMR). For Svalbard reindeer the lying RMR was 66–78% of the values for other reindeer/caribou, and was 78–89% of the predicted value. The standing RMR was 44–88% of the values from other reindeer/caribou. Total body thermal conductance was 1.95 ± 0.17 W∙°C−1 for lying and 3.08 ± 0.77 W∙°C−1 for standing at rest. The daily energy expenditure during winter was estimated to be about 9654 kJ∙day−1 or 112 W, and was 1.5 times Kleiber's predicted basal metabolic rate. By remaining lying 45% of the time rather than 35% Svalbard reindeer may conserve the equivalent of about 15 days' energy requirement over the winter. With locomotion at 2% of the winter daily activity budget, the Svalbard reindeer conserve about 21 days' energy expenditure, more than that if locomotion were 8.2% of the budget as in caribou (Boertje 1985). Thus, their low energy expenditures for lying and standing and their sedentary activity budget may be considered energy-saving and survival strategies. It is possible that disturbances, which cause the animals to increase activity, may have a detrimental effect on their overall winter energy balance.

scholarly journals The Impact of Economic Size of Farms on their Material and Energy Expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Kamil Depo ◽  
Fabienne Rabier ◽  
Bruno Huyghebaert ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Sławomir Kocira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Small Farms ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Material Energy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Size ◽  
Material Expenditure

AbstractThe study assesses the impact of the economic size of farms on the efficiency of their material and energy expenditure, based on 679 farms from the Lubelskie Voivodeship. The analysis was made for the years 2013-2015 and the farms were divided into six economic size classes. 5 indexes for the efficiency of material, energy and material-energy expenditures were calculated for all farms. The aim of the work was to select a group of farms with the highest efficiency of energy and material expenditure. It was found that economically small farms managed this expenditure most effectively, as evidenced by the highest values of 4 out of 5 analyzed indexes. Very small and medium-small farms demonstrated the highest efficiency of material expenditure. In contrast, energy expenditure was most efficiently used by medium-small farms. The farms that were the largest economically were characterized by the highest efficiency index of material and energy expenditure, calculated as the ratio of total production to the expenditure.

scholarly journals Comparing methods of energy expenditure estimation using forestry as an example

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-421
Author(s):  
Witold Grzywiński ◽  
Piotr S. Mederski ◽  
Mariusz Bembenek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Energy Expenditures

Abstract In this paper the values of energy expenditure obtained with estimative methods (tables of energy expenditure, Lehmann’s method) were compared to the data obtained with a method based on pulmonary ventilation measurements. Thereby, the usefulness of estimative methods for determining energy expenditure on work stations in forestry was tested. We compared energy expenditures for 30 forestry workstations within which 59 different activities were distinguished. For each activity the energy expenditure was determined utilizing the three following methods: pulmonary ventilation measurement, tables of energy expenditure and Lehmann’s method. The percentage error in energy expenditure for particular activities determined with tables ranged from -44.47% to 42.31%. The highest representation of error value (52.8%) varied between -19.9% and 5.0%. The error in energy expenditure estimation determined with Lehmann’s method is characterised by a smaller variability ranging from -31.35% to 34.13%. The highest density of error values was found in the range from -4.9% to 10.0%, which comprises 44.1% of the results. To conclude, the use of tables resulted in an underestimation of the energy expenditure value for 64.1% of activities, whereas the use of Lehmann’s method resulted in an underestimation in 49.1% of the cases.

Energy metabolism in college girls

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachchidananda Banerjee ◽  
Anita Barua ◽  
Arati Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Work Done

Energy expenditures during different activities of 24 college girls were determined by measurement of oxygen consumption. The energy cost of various activities expressed as Calories per square meter of body surface per hour was as follows: basal metabolic rate (BMR), 28.75 α 0.47; lying at rest, 30.95 α 0.60; sitting at rest, 36.03 α 0.66; sitting at study, 34.59 α 0.63; sitting at household work, 80.71 α 3.50; standing at laboratory work, 48.71 α 2.70; walking, 110.27 α 2.70; ascending stairs, 137.83 α 4.60; and descending stairs, 90.39 α 3.25. The average total daily energy expenditure of the subjects, determined for a period of 7 days, was 1503 Cal. and the average daily intake was 1507 Cal. Energy expenditure during standardized work on the bicycle ergometer was determined in six college girls by measurement of oxygen consumption. The energy cost of work done equivalent to 150 kpm/min. was found lowest when the work was performed in the basal state, highest 1 hour after a heavy meal, and intermediate 4 hours after the meal. The results indicated that performance of work was more efficient on an empty stomach than when it was full. Submitted on September 19, 1960

scholarly journals Energy Status and Body Composition Across a Collegiate Women’s Lacrosse Season

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Zabriskie ◽  
Bradley Currier ◽  
Patrick Harty ◽  
Richard Stecker ◽  
Andrew Jagim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Macronutrient Intake ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure

Little data is available regarding the energy and nutritional status of female collegiate team sport athletes. Twenty female NCAA Division II lacrosse athletes (mean ± SD: 20.4 ± 1.8 years; 68.8 ± 8.9 kg; 168.4 ± 6.6 cm; 27.9 ± 3% body fat) recorded dietary intake and wore a physical activity monitor over four consecutive days at five different time points (20 days total) during one academic year. Body composition, bone health, and resting metabolic rate were assessed in conjunction with wearing the monitor during off-season, pre-season, and season-play. Body fat percentage decreased slightly during the course of this study (p = 0.037). Total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) (p < 0.001) and activity energy expenditure (AEE) (p = 0.001) energy were found to change significantly over the course of the year, with pre-season training resulting in the highest energy expenditures (TDEE: 2789 ± 391 kcal/day; AEE: 1001 ± 267 kcal/day). Caloric (2124 ± 448 kcal/day), carbohydrate (3.6 ± 1.1 g/kg), and protein (1.2 ± 0.3 g/kg) intake did not change over the course of the year (p > 0.05). Athletes self-reported a moderate negative energy balance (366–719 kcal/day) and low energy availability (22.9–30.4 kcal/kg FFM) at each measurement period throughout the study. Reported caloric and macronutrient intake was low given the recorded energy expenditure and macronutrient intake recommendations for athletes. Athletic support staff should provide athletes with appropriate fueling strategies, particularly during pre-season training, to adequately meet energy demands.

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