scholarly journals Drunkorexia: empirical investigation and analysis of the characteristics of the phenomenon in an Italian sample of adolescents and young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Pietrabissa ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Michela Gaudenzi ◽  
Venessa Bertuzzi ◽  
Andrea Tagliagambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Italian Sample

Introduction: the term drunkorexia refers to the act of self-imposed utilization of extreme weight control methods to compensate for alcohol consumption typically observed among university students. Despite its diffusion, there is a lack of research investigating the presence of this new alarming trend in Italy. Aim: this study estimates the frequency of drunkorexia behaviours in a sample of Italian youth aged 14-24, explores the motivations for alcohol consumption among those presenting drunkorexia-type behaviours, and examines the relationship between drunkorexia and disordered eating. Methods: drunkorexia behaviors, eating habits and motives for alcohol use were investigated in 403 subjects (F=301, M=102) aged 14-24 through self-report questionnaires. A series of analyses, including descriptive statistics, univariate analysis of the variance and multiple regressions were run. Results: 62.5% of the sample showed drunkorexia-type behaviours. Drunkorexia was related to disordered eating, especially among females older than eighteen. Discussion and Conclusions: this the first study investigating the incidence of drunkorexia behaviors in a sample of youth living in Northern Italy. Evidence-based interventions for eating disorders and drinking problems should inspire the development of ad hoc preventive and treatment actions for drunkorexia. 

scholarly journals The Association between Dating Apps and Alcohol Consumption in an Italian Sample of Active Users, Former Users, and Non-Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Luca Flesia ◽  
Valentina Fietta ◽  
Carlo Foresta ◽  
Merylin Monaro
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dating Apps ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

To date, the relationship between alcohol use and dating app use has been investigated mostly in conjunction with sexual activities and in homosexual men. For this reason, the aim of this study was to explore the association between dating app use and alcohol consumption among the general population. A cross-sectional study was conducted including app users, non-users, and former users: 1278 respondents completed an online ad hoc questionnaire assessing dating app use, motivations for installing dating apps, alcohol use, and demographics. Multiple logistic regression analysis was run to investigate the association between dating app use, demographic features, and alcohol consumption. Whereas educational level, age, and gender significantly contributed to the regular consumption of alcohol, dating app use did not account for a significant amount of variance between regular and not regular drinkers. However, people who installed and used dating apps with the motivation of searching for sexual partners were more likely to be regular drinkers. Among the active users, heavy app users were less likely to drink regularly. The study indicates that underlying factors (sexual aspects, motives for using the apps) and the intensity of using the apps may mediate the relationship between dating app use and alcohol use.

The role of rash-impulsivity, emotional dysregulation and reward drive in comorbid disordered eating and substance use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Merinuk ◽  
Stephanie C. Varcoe ◽  
Peter J. Kelly ◽  
Laura D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Substance use disorder (SUD) frequently co-occurs with other psychological conditions, such as eating disorders (EDs). Psychological factors such as emotional dysregulation, rash impulsivity (RI) and reward sensitivity (RS) play a role in the etiology of each disorder, yet little is known about the combined effects of these on comorbid SUDs and EDs or disordered eating behaviours (DEBs). This study aims to examine the role of these psychological factors in comorbid DEBs and SUDs among individuals in treatment for SUDs. The role of gender is tested as a moderator. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional self-report survey was completed by 131 participants attending Australian residential substance use treatment centres. A binomial logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effects of emotional dysregulation, RI and RS on comorbid DEB and SUD. Further, moderation analyses were used to examine the moderating effect for gender on the relationship between these three personality variables and comorbidity. Findings The most commonly reported primary substance of use was alcohol (43.5%), followed by amphetamines (38.6%). Findings showed that emotional dysregulation and RI were significantly related to an increase in comorbidity likelihood; however, RS was not. Gender moderated the relationship between comorbidity and RI only. Originality/value The significant positive relationship found between RI and comorbidity for females only was a novel finding for the current study. Further research is needed to develop an understanding of the etiology of comorbidity.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Alcohol Consumption and Incidence of Glycometabolic Abnormality in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Zhang ◽  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Xianchao Xiao ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chinese Men ◽  
Elderly Chinese ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The relationship between alcohol consumption and glycometabolic abnormality is controversial, especially in different ethnic population. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was carried out to examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and glycometabolic abnormality in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men. Methods. Using cluster random sampling, Chinese men aged more than 40 years from Changchun, China, were given standardized questionnaires. In total, 1996 individuals, for whom complete data was available, were recruited into the study. We calculated the incidence of prediabetes and newly diagnosed diabetes by three levels of alcohol consumption: light, moderate, and heavy. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for socioeconomic variables and diabetes-related risk factors were used to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and the onset of prediabetes and diabetes. Results. The univariate analysis revealed higher incidence of prediabetes among drinkers (32.8%) compared with nondrinkers (28.6%), particularly in heavy alcohol consumers. The logistic regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption, especially heavy consumption, was an independent risk factor for prediabetes. Conclusions. Alcohol consumption, heavy consumption in particular, is an independent risk factor for the development of prediabetes, but not for diabetes.

scholarly journals Breakfast consumption and physical activity in British adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Corder ◽  
E. M. F. van Sluijs ◽  
R. M. Steele ◽  
A. M. Stephen ◽  
V. Dunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Breakfast Consumption ◽  
The Relationship

Studies show an inverse relationship between breakfast frequency and weight gain. This may reflect poor eating habits generally and associated low physical activity (PA) or direct impacts of breakfast on mechanisms leading to lethargy and reduced PA. The relationship between breakfast frequency and PA is inconclusive. We aimed to determine whether breakfast frequency is associated with PA levels in British adolescents independent of body composition and socio-economic status (SES). Habitual breakfast frequency (self-report questionnaire) was assessed in 877 adolescents (43 % male, age 14·5 (sd 0·5) years old). PA was measured over 5 d (accelerometry, average counts/min; cpm). Associations between daily PA and breakfast frequency were assessed using linear regression adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. Effect modification by sex and associations with PA during the morning (06.00–12.00 hours) were explored. For boys, there were no significant associations between breakfast frequency and PA. For girls, less frequent breakfast consumption was significantly associated with lower PA (cpm) during the morning (occasional v. frequent β − 6·1 (95 % CI − 11·1, − 1·1), P = 0·017) when adjusted for body fat percentage and SES. There were no associations between PA and breakfast consumption over the whole day; however, for girls, less frequent breakfast consumption may be associated with lower PA levels during the morning, suggesting that breakfast consumption should perhaps be taken into consideration when aiming to promote PA in adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Analyses of Alcohol Consumption in Combustible and Non-Combustible Nicotine Product Users

Epigenomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Kelsey Dawes ◽  
Luke Sampson ◽  
Rachel Reimer ◽  
Shelly Miller ◽  
Robert Philibert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Random Forest Classification ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers ◽  
Forest Classification ◽  
Heavy Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Alcohol and tobacco use are highly comorbid and exacerbate the associated morbidity and mortality of either substance alone. However, the relationship of alcohol consumption to the various forms of nicotine-containing products is not well understood. To improve this understanding, we examined the relationship of alcohol consumption to nicotine product use using self-report, cotinine, and two epigenetic biomarkers specific for smoking (cg05575921) and drinking (Alcohol T Scores (ATS)) in n = 424 subjects. Cigarette users had significantly higher ATS values than the other groups (p < 2.2 × 10−16). Using the objective biomarkers, the intensity of nicotine and alcohol consumption was correlated in both the cigarette and smokeless users (R = −0.66, p = 3.1 × 10−14; R2 = 0.61, p = 1.97 × 10−4). Building upon this idea, we used the objective nicotine biomarkers and age to build and test a Balanced Random Forest classification model for heavy alcohol consumption (ATS > 2.35). The model performed well with an AUC of 0.962, 89.3% sensitivity, and 85% specificity. We conclude that those who use non-combustible nicotine products drink significantly less than smokers, and cigarette and smokeless users drink more with heavier nicotine use. These findings further highlight the lack of informativeness of self-reported alcohol consumption and suggest given the public and private health burden of alcoholism, further research into whether using non-combustible nicotine products as a mode of treatment for dual users should be considered.

scholarly journals Associations between inattention and impulsivity ADHD symptoms and disordered eating risk in a community sample of young adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. Martin ◽  
C. T. Dourish ◽  
R. Hook ◽  
S. R. Chamberlain ◽  
S. Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trait Impulsivity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and trait impulsivity have been associated with disordered eating but are seldom assessed in community studies, or longitudinally and little is known about the mediating mechanisms. Methods We tested associations between ADHD symptoms and disordered eating cross-sectionally and between trait impulsivity and disordered eating longitudinally. We utilised data from a normative cohort of young adults (642 participants: 65% female, Mage = 23 years). Participants were classified as high risk or low risk for disordered eating using the SCOFF instrument. In the first two steps of both cross-sectional and longitudinal hierarchical logistic regression models, demographics and covariates were entered. For the cross-sectional regression, Adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS) scores, separated into inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, were entered in the third step. In a separate longitudinal model, Barratt impulsivity scale subscales (attentional, motor and non-planning impulsivity) were entered in the third step. Depression, as assessed by the moods and feelings questionnaire (MFQ), was examined as a mediator. Results Cross-sectionally, sex, MFQ score and inattentive symptoms predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 20%). Longitudinally, sex, MFQ score and attentional impulsivity predicted disordered eating risk (model R2 = 16%). The relationship between inattentive symptoms and the disordered eating risk was partially mediated by MFQ score, whereas the relationship between attentional impulsivity and the disordered eating risk was fully mediated by MFQ scores. Conclusions These data highlight (1) a specific role for inattentive symptoms of ADHD and (2) the importance of both depression and impulsivity in predicting eating disorder risk.

scholarly journals Perfecting Weight Restriction: The Moderating Influence of Body Dissatisfaction on the Relationship Between Perfectionism and Weight Control Practices

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Leanne Donovan ◽  
Dianne Chew ◽  
Rhiannon Penny
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Weight Restriction ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Concern Over Mistakes ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

This study explored the moderating effect of body dissatisfaction (BD) on the relationship between perfectionism and weight restricting and control behaviours (WRCBs). A sample of 167 female undergraduates completed self-report measures of perfectionism, BD and WRCBs. BD was not found to moderate the relationship between either perfectionism and dieting, or perfectionism and exercise. Instead, BD uniquely predicted both dieting and exercise, as did the perfectionism dimensions of self-oriented perfectionism, concern over mistakes, parental standards, and organisation. BD moderated the relationship between perfectionism and purging for analyses involving self-oriented perfectionism, concern over mistakes, and doubts about actions, such that there was a significant positive association between perfectionism and purging when BD was high but not low. Perfectionism and BD are important in different ways to WRCBs. The importance of measuring multiple dimensions of perfectionism and differentiating between the various types of WRCBs is highlighted.

Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between PTSD Symptoms and Disordered Eating in College Women Who Have Experienced Sexual Victimization

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091858
Author(s):  
Ava K. Fergerson ◽  
Amy M. Brausch
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Sexual Victimization ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Ptsd Symptoms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disordered Eating Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

It is widely known that sexual assault disproportionately affects women, and college-aged women are particularly at risk. Sexual assault can occur at any age and may have a varying range of emotional consequences for survivors, including pathological coping mechanisms such as disordered eating behaviors. This study examined the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and disordered eating behavior in a sample of women who reported experiencing sexual assault in adulthood. The sample included 312 undergraduate women who identified as majority White (81.4%) and heterosexual (77.9%). Participants completed measures assessing history of sexual experiences, PTSD symptoms, disordered eating behavior, and resilience. Only those who reported experiences of sexual victimization since age 14+ were included in analyses. Results confirmed the hypothesis, as resilience significantly mediated the relationship between PTSD symptoms and disordered eating behavior in a sample of women with a history of sexual victimization. These results highlight the importance of resilience as a mitigating factor in recovery from sexual trauma. Other research indicates that resilience may have emotion-regulatory benefits that mitigate the development of disordered eating behavior. However, the specific functionality of resilience as a protective factor after sexual victimization is unclear. Further research should focus on ways to foster resilience in a clinical setting for those with a history of sexual victimization. Limitations of this study include underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities, as well as use of entirely self-report measures.

Assessing the Prevalence of Eating Disorders in an Australian Twin Population

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Wade ◽  
Andrew C. Heath ◽  
Suzanne Abraham ◽  
Susan A. Treloar ◽  
N. G. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
The World

Objective: This paper examines the prevalence of disordered eating in a female Australian twin population aged between 28 and 90 years in 1993. Method: In two waves of data collection, the eating behaviour of 3869 female twins was first assessed in 1988–1989 by self-report questionnaire and then in 1992-1993 with a telephone interview, using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism interview. Results: It was found that about 0.4% of the women have a lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa and 1.8% of the group have suffered from bulimia nervosa. The incidence of bulimia nervosa but not anorexia nervosa was markedly higher for those women under 45 (2.3% bulimia nervosa) than for those women 45 years or older. Furthermore, one in three women have at some stage in their life used some extreme method of weight control. Conclusions: The levels of bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa found are commensurate with those found in smaller studies in Australia and other parts of the world. The finding of widespread use of extreme weight control methods is of concern as this behaviour is a well-recognised precursor to more serious eating disorders.

scholarly journals Is the Relationship Between Binge Eating Episodes and Personality Attributable to Genetic Factors?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Koren ◽  
Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff ◽  
Alexis E. Duncan ◽  
Kathleen K. Bucholz ◽  
Pamela A. F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binge Eating ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Aspects of disordered eating and personality traits, such as neuroticism, are correlated and individually heritable. We examined the phenotypic correlation between binge eating episodes and indices of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and control/impulsivity). For correlations ≥|0.20|, we estimated the extent to which genetic and environmental factors contributed to this correlation. Participants included 3,446 European American same-sex female twins from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study (median age = 22 years). Binge eating episode was assessed via interview questions. Personality traits were assessed by self-report questionnaires. There was a significant moderate phenotypic correlation between binge eating episode and neuroticism (r = 0.33) as well as conscientiousness (r = -0.21), while other correlations were significant but smaller (r ranging from -0.14 to 0.14). Individual differences in binge eating episodes, neuroticism, and conscientiousness were attributed to additive genetic influences (38% [95% CI: 21–53%], 45% [95% CI: 38–52%], and 44% [95% CI: 0.33–0.55%] respectively), with the remaining variance attributed to individual-specific environmental influences. Covariance was attributable to genetic (neuroticism rg = 0.37; conscientiousness rg = -0.22) and individual-specific environmental (neuroticism re = 0.28; conscientiousness re = -0.19) influences. Personality traits may be an early indicator of genetic vulnerability to a variety of pathological behaviors, including binge eating episode. Furthermore, prior research documenting phenotypic correlations between eating disorder diagnoses and personality may have stemmed from etiological overlap between these personality traits and aspects of disordered eating, such as binge eating episode.

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