scholarly journals Certain aspects of translation of special texts as a semantic whole (on the example of translation of the Russian-language political text)

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Tatyana Maikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Formal Business

This article on the example of specific language material analyzes the difficulties causes by the need to translate the text as a semantic whole, as well as outline the methods to avoid them. The texts is viewed from two perspectives – as a coherent fragment of speech, and as a speech of particular style. The author carries out comparative analysis of the forms of expression inherent to the texts of scientific and formal business styles in the Russian and English languages; highlights the elements relevant for translation; and classifies them based on nature of their correlation. The article also considers the problems of achieving coherence in translation of the text. The conclusion is made on the need for additional translation transformations substantiated not so much by discrepancies in the structure of two languages, but as by belonging of the original text to a particular speech style. The author lays emphasis on coherence and stylistic uniqueness as the elements relevant for translation of the text as a semantic whole. Such transformations as translation conversion, inter-level transformations, and omission are proposed for translating deverbal nouns in scientific and formal business texts. In the aspect of achieving coherence in translation, the author determines such problems as sentence-level topic model and preservation of co-reference. The article can be valuable for translators and in teaching translation techniques.

scholarly journals Translations of Cicero in Lomonosov’s A Brief Guide to Eloquence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
The Russian Language

This article examines Mikhail V. Lomonosov’s translation techniques and idiolect in his A Brief Guide to Eloquence (1748), with most of the examples being translated fragments of European literature. A comparison of the translated fragments from Cicero (the author analyses 82 excerpts from the antique orator’s works) with Lomonosov’s own Latin texts makes it possible to see some features of Lomonosov’s translation techniques. Except for the translated fragments included in the textbook on rhetoric, some of Cicero’s works were entirely translated into Russian in the eighteenth century. The author also compares Lomonosov’s translated fragments from Cicero (Cic. Leg. Man., Cat., Arch., Har. resp., etc.) with translations by K. Kondratovich, which were released twenty years after those by Lomonosov. The aim of the research is to show the peculiarities of Lomonosov’s translations, resulting both from the specifics of his translation techniques and the task of these texts as examples of Russian eloquence. The comparative method allows the author to conclude that Lomonosov managed to adequately convey the content and form in his translations and to recreate the style while closely adhering to the original – all this convinced him that the Russian language ‘stands out among all the languages of Europe in its grandeur and richness’. In Lomonosov’s translation techniques, there is a tendency for word-by-word translation and an attempt to preserve the Latin syntax; there is also a noticeable tendency to replace specific ancient culture-specific concepts with modern ones (a principle dating back to humanistic translations into Latin and vulgar languages). The translator’s adherence to the original is of practical importance for historians of literature and allows us to determine when the original text was taken from textbooks on rhetoric.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Intertexts in Newspaper Headlines (Based on the Material of the Russian and British Discourses of Sanctions Policy Towards Russia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Podolko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

The article presents a comparative analysis of intertexts in the headlines of British and Russian articles, the subject of which is the sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia. The source of the material was the authoritative publications of Russia and Great Britain (Kommersant and The Economist). The chronological scope of the study lies within 2014 – current days. As a result of the analysis of the headlines (60 in Russian, 60 in English) containing intertexts, the author identified 5 source domains, common for British and Russian discourses, and one source domain, specific for one discourse (Russian or British): “Set expressions”, “Proverbs and sayings”, “Mass culture”, “Literature”, “Proper names”, “Situations” (for British articles), “Names of organizations / projects” (for Russian articles). The study showed that the source domain “Set expressions” turned out to be the most widely represented, and the share of intertexts from the source domain in the Russian-language headlines is more than twice bigger than their share in the British headlines. The group of intertexts from the source domain “Proverbs and sayings” turned out to be the second most represented. The most common way to include an intertextual element in a headline is lexical transformation, when a word or several words are replaced with others corresponding to the content of the article. As for the effect of including an intertextual element in the headline it can be different: comic, if the author chooses a lexical transformation that contradicts the meaning of the original text; creating a negative / positive (usually negative) image of a person or situation; forming the reader’s opinion, similar to the opinion of the author / edition.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF TRANSLATING AUSTRALIAN СULTURE-BOUND LEXEMES INTO RUSSIAN (BASED ON COLLEEN McCULLOUGH’S NOVEL “THE THORN BIRDS”)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Nella Maksimovna Shutova ◽  
Guzel Nazifovna Adyeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Host Culture ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of transferring Australian сulture-bound lexemes into the Russian language taking the novel by Colleen McCullough “The Thorn Birds” as an example. The comparison of the original and its translation made by Nora Gal made it possible to analyze in detail the semantics of culture-bound lexemes, their stylistic functions in the specific context and the effectiveness of translation techniques employed by the translator. The relevance of the problem discussed is determined by the fact that the problems of translating culturally marked vocabulary are the most difficult problems in literary translation. It is very difficult (and sometimes impossible) to transmit the meaning of such words in full, but the translator should still strive to avoid significant losses in conveying their semantics, stylistic functions and pragmatics. Adequate translation of the considered lexemes, their adaptation to the Russian context are necessary for presenting to the Russian reader a complete panorama of the life in the country described. The purpose of the study was to consider and assess the methods used by the translator for translating culture-bound lexemes in one particular novel. The following methods of analyzing the data were employed: comparative analysis, lexicographic analysis, contextual analysis. The study revealed some losses of culturally significant information, as well as its deformation, i. e. distorted interpretation and unjustified pragmatic adaptation to the host culture. The conducted research allowed to make some conclusions concerning the most optimal ways of presenting Australian culture-bound lexemes in the Russian context, in some cases we offered our own translation solutions

A comparative analysis of the Slovenian particles še and že against the background of the Russian language

2020 ◽  
pp. 324-345
Author(s):  
Mariya L. Kuleshоva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Time Axis ◽  
Temporal Modifiers ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Negative Form

The article compares the Slovenian particles še and že mainly with the Russian particles еще and уже. Unlike the Russian particle уже, the Slovenian particle že cannot be combined with the negative form of the verb: instead of it, the adverb več is used in such contexts. The most subtle differences between the Slovenian and Russian languages are found in the combinations of še and že with temporal modifiers, where the so-called “plot time” is characteristic of the Slovenian language. The event is interpreted as localized on the time axis, not from the perspective of the «speaker’s time», which is manifested in the possibility of using že in such contexts as umrl je že v devetnajstem stoletju (he died in the nineteenth century already). Moreover, že is not able to express the meaning ‘no earlier / no later than’, because the particle šele replaces it in this function. The author comes to the conclusion that Slovenian particles are more widely used as modal than their Russian equivalents. The particle še has numerous intensifying functions, correlating with the functions of Russian particles даже, еще и, и. The particle že can be used in the same way as two Russian words уже and уж. In contrast to уж, že does not always express displeasure and can add the meaning of a concession to the statement.

scholarly journals Taking into account Chinese students’ cognitive and psychological characteristics while teaching Russian grammar

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-288
Author(s):  
Yu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Specific Learning

This paper aims to discuss the problem of nationally oriented teaching of Russian grammar to Chinese students. The author analyzes the works that are devoted to the study of Chinese students cognitive and psychological characteristics. The analysis revealed specific learning strategies that Chinese students use when learning a foreign language. When training a mono-ethnic group, the national-oriented approach is considered optimal. To implement this approach, a comparative analysis of systems of contacting languages is necessary to determine the zones of interlanguage and intralanguage interferences. The most important factor in the effectiveness of the educational process is the adequacy of the teachers ideas about students from different regions. The author concludes that in order to maintain motivation for mastering the Russian language and optimize the learning process as a whole when developing curricula and class books for Chinese students, it is necessary to strive to make the learning process not only effective, but also as comfortable as possible for students. Taking into account Chinese students cognitive and psychological characteristics will not only contribute to the development of strong grammar skills, but will also ensure the development of oral speech skills in Russian. The paper provides recommendations for intensifying the process of teaching Russian grammar to Chinese students. The following research methods were used: a comparative analysis, an analysis and a synthesis.

scholarly journals RUSSIAN AND SERBIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS: EXPERIENCE OF COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
V. Dzonic
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Historical Figures ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
Cultural Component ◽  
The Given ◽  
Semantic Aspect ◽  
The Russian Language

This paper is devoted to identification of specific characteristics of Russian and Serbian phraseological units. The author considers the phraseological units from structural and semantic aspect and pays special attention to the national and cultural component of the studied units, which cause the greatest difficulties for foreigners. Identification of the given component is carried out by linguocultural analysis of components of phraseologicaly related word combinations. The material of research was comprised based on data from lexicographical dictionaries of Russian and Serbian languages. The phraseological units – toponyms are reviewed as a separate group and are, in the author’s opinion, bearers of rich linguoculturological information. The author identifies three main sources of imagery of these units: characteristics of the geographical position of the object; important historical and cultural events, as well as prominent historical figures, which brought fame to the region; lifestyle and crafts of local residents. The analysis allowed the author to identify specific national and cultural characteristics of a number of Russian and Serbian toponyms. This work is of an applied nature. Results of the study can be used in the teaching the Russian language as second Slavic language.

El estilo del traductor en el tratamiento de las onomatopeyas del chino al español

Babel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-463
Author(s):  
Helena Casas-Tost
Keyword(s):  
Creative Writing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Phonological Features ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

Onomatopoeia are words with peculiar phonological features and expressive capacity which distinguish them from other types of words. These traits together with other elements related to their use in each language often pose a challenge for translators of specific language combinations. This article analyses how Chinese onomatopoeia are translated into Spanish, and it is based on a case study of the Spanish version of the Chinese novel Huozhe (活着) (To live). This piece of creative writing has been chosen because the original text contains many onomatopoeia and because the target text can be regarded as a fine example from a translation point of view. The article begins with a brief overview of the main features of these words and their role in literary texts, as well as the general results of the analysis of a corpus of seven contemporary Chinese novels and their translations into Spanish. Subsequently, the study explores the translation of onomatopoeia in the selected work of fiction in order to identify the mechanisms and translation techniques the translator has adopted and the results in the Spanish target text.

scholarly journals The Translator as a Mediator in the Dialogue of Literatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Yuanchun Li ◽  
Landysh G. Latfullina ◽  
Elvira F. Nagumanova ◽  
Alsu Z. Khabibullina
Keyword(s):  
Large Time ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Original Text ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Foreign Work ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Russian Language

<p>The article raises the issue of translating the works of national literatures through an intermediate language since most of the works of the peoples of Russia find their readers in the world thanks to the Russian language. The urgency of this problem is obvious in modern conditions when the interest in Turkic-speaking literature is growing, and many Russian poets, like in the Soviet era, see themselves as the translators from national languages. On the example of the translation of the poem «tɵshtǝgechǝ bu kɵn – sǝer Һǝm iat …» (“the day is like a dream”) of the contemporary poetess Yulduz Minnullina both the strengths and the weaknesses of the modern translation school are considered. The word for word translation can lead to the unification of differences between literatures when the dominant language (the Russian language) imposes certain aesthetic principles on the original text. The most important aspect of the topic of interest is the consideration of the role of interlinear translation in the establishment of interliterary dialogue. Through interlinear translation a foreign work, endowed with its special world of ideas, images, national and artistic traditions, serves as the basis for dialogical relations that are indispensable for both the Russian-speaking reader who discovers the “other” literature, and the very work that is included in the dialogue in the “large time”. At the same time, the elimination of differences between literatures occurs when the translator, through the Russian language, by means of line-by-line translation, introduces the features of his own consciousness into a foreign work. In this case, the translation simplifies the content of the literature, equalizes the artistic merits, thereby projecting the life of the work onto communication, rather than dialogue.</p>

scholarly journals Pre-university training of foreign students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Жолудева
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Mathematical Vocabulary ◽  
The University ◽  
University Training ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Agricultural Academy

Рассмотрены вопросы довузовской подготовки иностранных студентов на примере обучения в Ярославской государственной сельскохозяйственной академии. Проведён сравнительный анализ уровней математической подготовки в национальных африканских школах, школах (вузах) Ближнего Востока и в российских школах. Автором на основе опыта преподавания выявлен ряд проблем у иностранных граждан, приехавших в Россию для обучения на подготовительном отделении вуза: слабое владение русским языком в целом, и математическим русским языком в частности; незнание математической лексики и терминологии; различие в уровнях базовой математической подготовки у обучающихся из разных стран; адаптационные трудности. В то же время проведённый опрос иностранных слушателей позволяет сделать вывод, что изучение математики вызывает у них меньше трудностей, чем изучение других специальных предметов (физика, химия, биология). Анализ уровня математической подготовки у иностранных студентов, обучающихся на подготовительном отделении академии, показал, что он достаточно высокий, выше среднего. The questions of pre-university training of foreign students on the example of training at the Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy have been considered. A comparative analysis of the levels of mathematical training in national African schools, schools (universities) of the Middle East and Russian schools has been carried out. Based on the teaching experience the author revealed a number of problems for foreign residents come to Russia to study at the preparatory department of the university: poor knowledge of the Russian language in general and the mathematical Russian language in particular, lack of knowledge of mathematical vocabulary and terminology, differences in the levels of basic mathematical training among students from different countries, adaptation difficulties. At the same time a survey of foreign students allows us to conclude that the study of mathematics causes them less difficulty than the study of other special subjects (physics, chemistry, biology). An analysis of the level of mathematical training of foreign students studying at the preparatory department of the academy showed that it was quite high above average.

scholarly journals Religious Beliefs Reflected in Creative Word-formation Patterns of Russian Dialects

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-91
Author(s):  
С.Ю. Дубровина
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Lexical Analysis ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
The Russian Language

В современных русских говорах, несмотря на воздействие на них норм литературного языка, межкультурную контактность и деформацию в результате воздействия средств массовой информации, постепенное исчезновение диалектов в условиях цивилизации медиа, сохраняется лексическое ядро, в котором особое место занимает лексика нравственно-религиозной сферы. Наличие этого лексического пласта выделяет русский язык среди других в отношении аксиологической акцентированности земного и небесного. В настоящей статье обобщены наблюдения автора, касающиеся состава, семантики, сложения лексических гнезд, составляющих макрополе народного православия, формальной стороны словопроизводства единиц соответствующей лексики на общерусском фоне с привлечением материала, собранного автором статьи в Тамбовской области. Выделены разновидности структурных типов номинаций, определены особенности и приоритеты словообразовательной креативности. Для достижения целей исследования применялись методы сопоставительного, лексического, словообразовательного, компонентного анализа. Despite the influence exerted on them by the literary norms of the Russian language, despite the intercultural contacts promoted by mass media, and despite gradual annihilation of dialects provoked by media-propelled civilization, modern Russian dialects preserve their pivotal lexemes which are mostly related to the sphere of morality and religion. This lexical stratum, the axiological significance of the celestial and the earthly realms, distinguishes the Russian language from other languages. The present article summarizes the author’s ideas related to word formation, to the composition and semantics of lexical clusters of the macrofield of public orthodoxy. The analysis involves the material collected by the author in the Tambov Region. It singles out structural types of nominations, defines the peculiarities and priorities of creative word-formation. To achieve the aim of the research, the author employs such methods as comparative analysis, lexical analysis, word-formation analysis, and componential analysis.

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