scholarly journals Isolation and characterization chitosan from varied crab shell

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR Ningtyas ◽  
M Muslihudin ◽  
V Elsyana
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mangrove Crab ◽  
Natural Adsorbents ◽  
Strong Acids

Crab shells chitosan processing consists of 3 steps, the process is deproteinization,demineralization, and deacetylation. This study aims to produce chitosan with a high yield asan alternative to natural adsorbents and coagulants. This research was conducted using threedifferent raw materials for crab shells, namely mangrove crab shells (K1), small crab shells(K2), and kappa crab shells (K3). In this study, a demineralization process was carried out ondried crab shells using strong acids. Furthermore, deproteination is carried out using a strongbase to obtain chitin and deacetylation with a strong base to produce chitosan. The results ofresearch carried out observations including moisture content, ash content, solubility, and yield.The results of the isolation of the crab shell chitosan obtained the chitosan yields of 31%,32.2%, and 24.5%, respectively.

scholarly journals Na-Alginate Utilization of Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) as A Halal Edible Film Basic Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Nisa Nur Khasanah ◽  
Vina Amalia ◽  
Baiq Vera El Viera ◽  
Asti Sawitri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Edible Film ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Two Stages

Edible films made of Na-alginate from brown algae have great potential to be developed as brown algae have a fairly high abundance in Indonesia but have not been widely used. Therefore, in this study conducted by making edible films made from Na-alginate modified by the addition of hydrocolloids carrageenan and glycerol plasticizier. The addition of carrageenan biopolymers is the property of the produced Edible film. The use of glycerol as a plasticizer aims to improve the properties of elasticity Edible films. This research method consists of two stages. First, the isolation and characterization of Na-alginate. Both the preparation and characterization of making edible films. Na-alginate characterization results in yield of 25.68%, 10.84% moisture content, ash content of 23.79%. The carrageenan on the formula Edible films affect the characterization of the resulting films. The value of water absorption from 333.13% to 335.45% and the elongation of 26.26% to 33.34%, and the declining value of tensile strength of 8.93 MPa to 4.17 MPa and young's modulus values of 0.34 MPa to 0.22 MPa with the addition of carrageenan on an Edible film formula.

scholarly journals The Use of Different Deacetylation Temperature Toward Quality of Chitosan Mud Crab Shell (Scylla serrata)

2021 ◽  
Vol 934 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
R Karnila ◽  
S Loekman ◽  
S Humairah
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Mud Crab ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract This research aims to determine the chemical composition (proximate) of chitosan and chitin, The best deacetylation temperature for obtaining chitosan, and the yield of chitosan and chitin from mud crab. This research was conducted in two stages, that is: 1) Preparation of mud crab flour and 2) Extraction and analysis of chitin and chitosan. The experimental design used for chitosan isolation was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The process of deacetylation chitin becomes chitosan by using 50% NaOH with varying heating temperatures (120, 130, and 140°C). Parameters observed were yield, moisture content, ash content, and degrees of deacetylation. The result showed that the best chitosan was obtained by chitin deacetylation process into chitosan using a temperature of 130°C (KO2). Characteristics quality of the chitosan mud crab shell produced are KO1: yield 61.00%, moisture content 6.47%, ash content 17.18% (db), and degree of deacetylation 49.63%. KO2: yield 59.94%, moisture content 6.48%, ash content 14.85% (db) with degree of deacetylation 51.13%. KO3: yield 53,97, moisture content 6.54%, ash content 14.66% (db) and degree of deacetylation 52.63%. Characteristic quality of chitin included yield was 27.81%, moisture content 7.29%, ash 44.05%, and degree of deacetylation 33.09%.

scholarly journals Study of utilization three varieties of mango and concentration of apple vinegar towards physicochemical characteristics of mango chutney

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Muhammad Husa, Elfi Anis Saati Desiana Nuriza Putri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Total Soluble Solids

Abstract. Chutney is a native Indian processed product, made from cuts of fruits or vegetables and nuts cooked in a sweet, sour and spice mixture. The quality requirements of chutney are influenced by the use of raw materials herbs and spices. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of three varieties of mango and its interaction with concentration of apple vinegar towards physicochemical characteristics of mango chutney. The experimental design of this study used a nested design with two factors. The first factor was three varieties of mango consisting of podang mango, gadung, and kweni and the second factor was the concentration of apple vinegar (5%: 10%: 15%).Parameters analyzed were moisture content, ash content, vitamin C, total soluble solids, total titrated acids, pH, crude fiber, antioxidant activity, color intensity, topicality and hedonic test (flavor, aroma, and appearance). The study showed that differences in mango varieties and apple vinegar concentration did not interact with moisture content, ash content, total soluble solids, total titrated acids, vitamin C, crude fiber, antioxidant activity, pH, color intensity, topicality and hedonic test. The differences in mango varieties significantly affected on water content, color intensity (L and a+), topicality, and hedonic test, whereas the difference of apple vinegar concentration had no significant effect on ash content, pH, total soluble solids, total titrated acids, vitamin C, crude fiber, and antioxidant activity. The optimum composition based on De Garmo test chutney made from gadung mango and 5% apple vinegar (G2C1) with moisture content 23,50 %, ash content 3,15 % vitamin C 0,10 %, total titrated acid 0,75 %, crude fiber 7,05 %, total soluble solids 4,60 ºbrix, ph 4,31 %, antioxidant activity 93,67 %, colour intensity: lightness (L) 36,13, redness (a+ ) 4,67 and yellowness ( b+) 10,00, Topicality 10,67 cm, and hedonic test : appearance 2,13 %, aroma 3,30 % and flavor 2,97 %.

scholarly journals Optimization of Formula Film based on Amylopectin Cassava Starch and Carrageenan as a Raw Materials of Capsule Shell

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-32
Author(s):  
G Jeni Christi A ◽  
Laksmi Ambarsari ◽  
Heri Purwoto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Prediction Response ◽  
Capsule Shell ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Central Composite

Capsules are very important in the packaging of pharmaceutical preparations. Commercial capsule shell is generally made of gelatin from cows and pigs. Alternatives to gelatin from non-animal raw materials can be obtained from polysaccharides like starch and carrageenan. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum formula between amylopectin and carrageenan as a raw material subtitute for gelatin capsule shell. Program Design Expert 7.0.0 (trial version) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Central Composite Design was used to optimize formula with three variable factors and three response variables. Based on the analysis by determining the adjusted range, program recommends 29 optimization solution with desirability value 1. Formula 6 and 28 was selected for validation with factors 1,01% of amylopectin, 1.01% of carrageenan, 2.17% of glycerin (formula 6) and 3.00% of amylopectin, 2.00% of carrageenan, 2.90% of glycerin (formula 28). Prediction response value was 12.94% of moisture content, 6.35% of ash content (formula 6) and 12.99% of moisture content, 8.67% of ash content (formula 28). Validation result value was 21.45% of moisture content, 7.58% of ash content, 6.12 minutes of solubility in water (formula 6) and 17.67% of moisture content, 7.78% of ash content, 9.30 minutes of solubility in water.

scholarly journals Proximate, Crude Fiber and Starch Content of Maize Hybrids Developed in Indonesia in Natural Climatic Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 421
Author(s):  
Edy Suryadi ◽  
D. Ruswandi ◽  
H. Marta ◽  
I. Musfiroh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Code

Corn is one of strategic commodities becoming the main priorities to be developed in Indonesia. Aside from being a strategic foodstuffs, corn contains starch which is used for an excipient in pharmaceutical raw materials of "filler" or filler material for tablets. However, until now local starch production cannot meet the needs of the pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia, and still relies on imported starch. The purpose of this research was to develop maize hybrids from Universitas Padjadjaran which has high of starch and meet the quality for an excipient of pharmaceutical preparations. This research was conducted to determine a formation of a single cross hybrid based on the diallel crosses. Evaluation of fused power was determined by proximate analysis and starch analysis. The selection of hybrid high yield power was done in monocropping and agroforestry systems. The results retrieved 28 types of hybrid corn that comes from 7 different types of strains of mutant reproduction results. The lowest moisture content was the corn M7DR 7.4.1 (9.45%), whereas the highest moisture content of corn was DR. 8 (16.03%). Low starch content was obtained from maize hybrid code 4.8.8 while the highest was obtained from maize hybrid code 18.5.1 ranging from 30-40%. Therefore, corn hybrid 18.5.1 has a potential to be developed as an excipient of  various raw materials in the field of pharmacy. Keywords: corn, a hybrid, starch, excipient pharmacy

scholarly journals Preparation of raw materials, creation of compositions and granulation from obsolete sludge, peat and biomass

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Zh.O. Petrova ◽  
Yu.P. Novikova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Optimal Ratio ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Material Preparation

The article presents research on the preparation of raw materials, creation and granulation of compositions from obsolete sludge deposits of peat and biomass. Studies of raw material preparation processes have shown that obsolete sludge deposits have excessive ash content. To reduce ash content, it is advisable to add peat and biomass to sludge. During the study of peat, it was determined that peat extracted from the floodplain of Irpen has a high ash content, so for further research used peat from Chernihiv. The created compositions were subjected to granulation in different compositions and ratios. Preliminary dehydration of peat in the drying cabinet and moistening of the sludge were performed to create different sludge-peat mixtures with different moisture content of sludge and peat. When creating two-component compositions to sludge-peat add biomass. Studies have allowed us to choose the optimal ratio for granulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Peanut Shell Torrefaction on Qualities of The Produced Bio-pellet

REAKTOR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiyo Wibowo ◽  
Ningseh Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Peanut Shells ◽  
Previously Treated

Peanut shells could be regarded as biomass wastes generated from agricultural products, which are abundantly available.  The current handling of those wastes is merely through direct incineration, without a proper and controlled manner. Consequently, it could arouse environmental concerns, such as air pollution and human respiratory diseases.  One alternative solution is converting those peanut shells to bio-pellet, expectedly applicable for fuels.  Relevantly, research on bio-pellet manufacture from peanut shells, previously treated with the torrefaction, was conducted. It’s aimed mainly to identify the fuel-related characteristics of bio-pellet products.  The tested bio-pellet parameters covered, moisture content, ash content, volatile matters, fixed carbon content, calorific values, and density.  The results revealed that torrefaction temperature and time at raw materials (peanut shells) could improve their qualities in regard to particular calorific value compared to those before such torrefaction; which referred to Indonesia’s Standard (SNI-8021-2014) for wood bio-pellet.  Further, torrefaction could increase bio-pellet quality which satisfied the SNI’s Standard, except for ash content.  Optimal torrefaction treatment was obtained at 300oC temperature for 60 minutes, whereby it achieved remarkable bio-pellet characteristics in terms of moisture content (3.092%), ash content (6.116%), volatile matters (38.387%), fixed carbon (55.447%), calorific value (6174 cal/g), and density (0.703 g/cm3). The torrefaction bio-pellets from peanut shells could achieve remarkable performances, with respect to fuel consumption rate (0.68 kg/hr), heating value (6174 kcal/kg), and thermal efficiency (16.67%).

scholarly journals Pengaruh Temperatur, Komposisi Bahan Cangkang Inti Kelapa Sawit dan Konsentrasi Perekat pada Karakteristik Briket Komersial dari Tempurung Kelapa Sawit

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Guna Bangun Persada ◽  
Putty Yunesti
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Cylindrical Mold

Briquettes are an essential product for metal mineral processing plants in Indonesia. One good alternative raw materials for briquettes that do not pollute the environment is the palm kernel shell. This research was conducted by making briquettes from palm kernel shells to find optimal variations in carbonization temperature, material mixture, and adhesive mixture. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale. The palm kernel shell and coal kernel were carbonized at various temperatures, namely 450°C, 550°C, and 650°C, then crushed and sieved to 35 mesh. The powdered palm kernel shell and coal that have become powdered charcoal are weighted based on a mixture of powder and the adhesive composition ratio of 40 g. After that, the briquettes were formed under a pressure of 100 kg/cm² on a cylindrical mold with 40 mm. The analyzes carried out were moisture content, ash content, volatile substances content, fixed carbon content, calorific value, compressive strength, density, porosity, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope). The results showed that the briquette from the kernel of the palm kernel shell was optimal at a temperature of 550 ° C with a starch adhesive mixture of 7.5%, a pressure of 100 kg/cm², moisture content of 5.34%, an ash content of 5.81%, a substance content. Volatile amounted to 18.77%, 71.08% for fixed carbon, heating value 7125.86 cal/g. Density of 0.78, porosity of 0.04 and strength of 72.56 kg / cm².

scholarly journals Optimation and Sensory Profile of Functional Drink from Cinnamon and Cardamom

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Mardiana Mardiana ◽  
Novriza Sativa ◽  
Hari Hariadi ◽  
Nanda Triandita ◽  
Nela Eska Putri
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Sensory Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Amomum Compactum ◽  
Functional Drink ◽  
Maximum Moisture Content

Functional drinks can be made from local herbal ingredients that are often used for spices such as cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and cardamom (Amomum compactum). The purpose of this study is to determine the best formulation of cinnamon and cardamon as a herbal drink based on moisture content, ash content , and sensory evaluation. Raw materials were dried at 50 °C until reached a maximum moisture content 10% and were reduced in size. The formulations were made of comparison between cinnamon and cardamom which were A (100: 0)%; B (80:20)%; C (60:40)%; D (50:50)%; E (40:60)%; F (20:80)%; and G (0: 100)%. The moisture content of all formulas is between 7.12-7.33% (<10%) and the ash content of all formulas is between 4.83-5.06%. The results of sensory analysis showed that formula B had the best acceptance for color (3.03) and aroma (3.17). Thisproducthad moisture 7.23 % and ash content 4.83 %.

scholarly journals Variability of Normative Properties of Wood Chips and Implications to Quality Control

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3789
Author(s):  
Dinko Vusić ◽  
Filip Vujanić ◽  
Karlo Pešić ◽  
Branimir Šafran ◽  
Vanja Jurišić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Energy Wood

The research was conducted with the goal to determine the variability of the quality parameters of the wood chips produced from the most favorable raw material (energy roundwood), and in the most controllable operational conditions (pellet factory), as the first step in identifying opportunities to optimize the wood chips’ quality monitoring. Four raw material types were tested: fir/spruce and beech debarked energy roundwood, as well as energy wood with bark of the same species. Sampling was conducted during six consecutive months along with laboratory testing, all according to the HRN EN ISO standards for solid biofuels. Interpretation of the results was done in relation to deviation from the first sampling results (as an indicator of the possibility to retain the quality of wood chips), and repeatability and reproducibility set in the standards (as an indicator of acceptable variability). The influence of the species and debarking process on the wood chips’ quality was analyzed as well. Relative deviation from the first sampling as well as the quality class change pointed moisture content as a normative property with the lowest possibility to retain initial values over the six-month period. Ash content results indicated a strong possibility to maintain the initial ash content class in the majority of the samples. In just three cases, the results of ash content were outside the reproducibility limits with first sampling as a reference. Gross calorific value results pointed only four samples outside the reproducibility limits with the first sampling results are set as a reference. Wood species influenced gross calorific value and the median value of the particle size distribution and debarking showed a significant positive effect on the moisture content reduction as well as on the ash content reduction. Presented findings are indicative for the investigated raw materials, however for the general conclusion on the subject of wood chips normative properties variation, various raw material types will have to be examined in further research.

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