scholarly journals Understanding Objectivity among Brazilian Journalists

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 792-831
Author(s):  
Rafael da Silva Paes Henriques

ABSTRACT – This paper presents the results from an online survey of 234 journalists from all regions of Brazil and their perceptions of journalistic objectivity. The survey questions presented different theoretical possibilities concerning objectivity and were organized around three main ideas: 1) ontological, which measures how journalists understand what the facts are; 2) epistemological, which asks about how accessible these facts are; and 3) methodological, which characterizes the understanding of what would be the most appropriate method for describing the facts. The data were obtained using Google Forms and analyzed using the SPSS software. Our findings, based on non-probability sampling, showed that journalists understand that the facts have a determination prior to the report, the meaning of which can be defined by approximation through an intersubjective method of verification. RESUMO – O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de um questionário online que contou com a participação de 234 jornalistas, de todas as regiões do Brasil, e que buscou identificar a percepção da objetividade jornalística por esses profissionais. As perguntas apresentavam possibilidades teóricas distintas frente ao problema da objetividade e foram organizadas em torno de três eixos: 1) ontológico, que procurou medir como os jornalistas entendem o que são os fatos; 2) eixo epistemológico, que perguntou sobre a possibilidade de acesso a esses fatos; e 3) metodológico, que buscou caracterizar o entendimento sobre qual seria o método mais adequado para descrever os fatos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de Google Forms, sendo sistematizados com o software SPSS. Conclui-se que, nessa amostra não probabilística, os jornalistas compreendem que os fatos possuem uma determinação anterior ao relato, cujo sentido pode ser definido por aproximação, por meio de um método intersubjetivo de verificação. RESUMEN – El propósito de este artículo es presentar los resultados de una encuesta que contó con la participación de 234 periodistas, de todas las regiones de Brasil, y que buscó identificar la percepción de la objetividad periodística por parte de estos profesionales. Las preguntas presentaban distintas posibilidades teóricas en relación al problema de la objetividad y se organizaban en torno a tres ejes: 1) ontológico, que buscaba medir cómo los periodistas entienden cuáles son los hechos; 2) eje epistemológico, que preguntó sobre la posibilidad de acceder a estos hechos; y 3) metodológico, que buscaba caracterizar la comprensión de cuál sería el método más adecuado para describir los hechos. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de un cuestionario en línea, siendo sistematizados con el software SPSS. Se concluye que, en esta muestra no probabilística, los periodistas entienden que los hechos tienen una determinación previa al informe, cuyo significado puede definirse por aproximación, mediante un método intersubjetivo de verificación.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 591-601
Author(s):  
Akansha Kishen ◽  
Anjali A K ◽  
Brundha M P ◽  
Muralidharan N P

Covid 19 is considered to be a pandemic virus infection. SARS-Cov-2 causes it. It is a viral infection that is transmitted through aerosol and droplet contamination, cross-infection, etc. Dentists are at a higher risk due to this corona. It has affected daily routines of dentist's life as they are unavailable to run the clinic and attend to patients. Different search engines like PubMed, and Google Scholar was used. The questionnaire consisting of twenty questions was prepared by using online survey google forms and circulated among the participants. SPSS software was used to evaluate the results and data collection. Statistical analysis was done by chi-square test. Later, results were being tabulated. This survey that is taken among dental students, dentists, and random public, it is seen that the majority of them are well aware of this recent pandemic attack. (COVID-19). It is concluded that dentists are affected to a significant extent due to coronavirus as their daily routine is affected severely. This study aims to identify the effect on dentist life on a routine basis due to the pandemic COVID - 19.


2021 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Mruthyunjaya N ◽  
Vaibhavi PS ◽  
Vinod Kulkarni G

Background: The current SARS CoV-2 pandemic has affected the mental health of various sectors of the country while it has also jeopardised the education system. In this background the present study was done to explore the mental health of the nal year medical undergraduate students and their concerns regarding the curriculum. Materials and Methods:An online survey was conducted among the nal year MBBS students in India and psychiatric morbidity was measured by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21. A total of 83 complete responses out of 130 were received and the data was assessed using SPSS software. Results: Out of the 83 study participants, about 34.9% were depressed, about 39.5% and 32.9% were having anxiety and stress, respectively. Sleep disturbances were signicantly associated with depressive symptoms (p value - 0.0001) and those with stress (p value - 0.01) while change in appetite was also signicantly associated with stress (p value - 0.01). Conclusion: The current pandemic has led to growing concerns in the educational sector especially medical education where MBBS students are facing psychological distress along with newer challenges in their academics like distant education as against traditional bedside teaching for acquiring clinical skills.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Ronal Watrianthos ◽  
Ibnu Rasyid Munthe ◽  
Rahma Muti’ah

Along with the rapid development of Social Networking Sites (SNS), social media, recently, has become a lifestyle for many people around the world, including in Indonesia. The data in January 2018 showed that in Indonesia out of 132.7 million internet users, almost all (131 million), or up 23% from the data in 2017, were Facebook users with the dominance of 18-24 years old, 35% of whom were the highest active users. The rapid growth of Facebook users annually in Indonesia, especially in the age of students and college students, encourages researchers to conduct many empirical studies of Facebook use among students. There is a tendency for using Facebook continuously to create FAD effects (Facebook Addiction Disorder) among students and can affect the spirit of learning. This study also discusses what is the motivation for using Facebook and seeing the potential for FAD to occur. In this study, an online survey over 375 respondents from several students in Labuhanbatu District was conducted. To explore respondents' motives in using Facebook, respondents were given questions that were divided into the following five motives: social interaction, leisure time, entertainment, friends, and communication. While to look for potential addiction, respondents were given questions using the Bergen Facebook Addiction (BFAD) scale. In getting a connection between the motives for using Facebook and Facebook Addiction, the data was tested by analysis of variants (ANOVA) and partial tests using SPSS software. The results obtained were 65.8% of participants were at a moderate level, while 20.3% were at a low level, and only 13.9% of participants were at a high level. While the most significant motive affecting respondents in using Facebook is the motive to fill the time and motives for communicating.


2021 ◽  
pp. e20210011
Author(s):  
Megan D. Muise ◽  
Charlene F. Belu ◽  
Lucia F. O’Sullivan

Although monogamy (i.e., romantic and/or sexual exclusivity) remains the most common arrangement for romantic partnerships, there is little research exploring how couples communicate about exclusivity to one another. The current study assessed the ways in which couples discuss and negotiate exclusivity agreements, and whether those agreements change over time. Participants were 573 North American adults (mean age = 28.86 years; 52% identified as female) in romantic relationships who completed an online survey asking them to describe their current exclusivity agreements using both structured and open-ended survey questions. Open-ended data were subjected to inductive content analysis, and eight primary themes were identified. Although most (91%) indicated that they have an agreement to remain romantically and sexually exclusive in their relationships, only 43% reported coming to the agreement during an explicit conversation with their partner. More often (52%) the agreements were described as implied, meaning they had never actually been discussed. Of those with exclusivity agreements, 87% reported no change to their agreement throughout the relationship. Implications are discussed in terms of the value of direct communication between partners about exclusivity and infidelity.


Author(s):  
T. K. Hariprasath ◽  
Palati Sinduja ◽  
R. Priyadharshini

Introduction: Palatine Tonsils are paired lymph node organs located on each side of the back of your throat. They function as a defense mechanism and help prevent body from getting an infection. When tonsils become infected, the condition is called tonsillitis. Aim: This article aims to know the knowledge and awareness of dental students on Tonsillitis diseases. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire of 16 questions was created and entered in the online survey creator ‘Google Forms’ and shared among each student of about 100 individually and privately and data were collected subject to statistical analysis using SPSS software. Statistical tests used were descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. A P-value less than 0.05 will be  considered statistically significant. Results and Conclusion: Results of this study suggest that Third-year students more aware of symptoms of tonsillitis 20%, complications of tonsillitis 20% and symptoms associated with strep throat 18% than students of other year and they need an effective education and awareness campaign to increase their knowledge and awareness on Tonsillitis.


Author(s):  
Alla Kushniryk ◽  
Kenneth J. Levine

This experimental study evaluated the impact of multitasking and social presence on students’ performances in the learning environment. In the first live-presenter group, the participants listened to a lecture in a face-to-face environment. In the second virtual-presenter group, the participants listened on their computers to a pre-recorded lecture. The participants of these groups listened to a lecture and simultaneously wrote responses to open-ended online survey questions. While the participants of the first two groups were multitasking, those in the third group completed listening and writing tasks sequentially. It was found that multitasking significantly decreased performances on both the listening and writing tasks. The experiment also uncovered that the degree of social presence did not affect students’ performances on the listening or writing tasks in the learning environment. The perceived degree of social presence was the same in the virtual- and live-presenter groups. La présente étude expérimentale évalue les conséquences de la multiplicité des tâches et de la présence sociale sur la performance des étudiants dans l’environnement d’apprentissage. Le premier groupe a assisté à une cours donnée par un conférencier sur place. Le deuxième groupe a écouté le cours préenregistrée à partir d’un ordinateur. Les participants de ces deux groupes ont répondu simultanément en ligne aux questions ouvertes d’un sondage. Alors que les participants des deux premiers groupes ont effectué des tâches multiples simultanément, ceux du troisième groupe ont d’abord écouté puis ont répondu au sondage de façon séquentielle. Les chercheurs ont découvert que le fait de réaliser des tâches multiples entraînent une baisse importante de la performance en ce qui a trait à l’écoute et à la rédaction des réponses. L’expérience a aussi permis de découvrir que la présence en classe n’influe pas sur la performance des étudiants en ce qui a trait aux tâches d’écoute ou de rédaction dans l’environnement d’apprentissage. Le degré perçu de présence sociale était le même dans le groupe du conférencier virtuel que dans celui du conférencier en direct.


BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 281-287
Author(s):  
Hina Ahmed ◽  
Aziza Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Ahmed Saeed

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> At the outset of outbreak of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection in Pakistan, there had been a lot of confusion regarding the preventive measures in general public. The objective of current study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the home preventive measures against COVID-19 infection amongst smart phone users at the outset of outbreak in Pakistan. <strong>Methods:</strong> It was a cross-sectional online survey to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice amongst the smart phone users regarding the preventive measures against Corona infection. Total 388 questionnaires were submitted in one week in first week of April 2020. The data was collected through online questionnaire which were disseminated through WhatsApp groups. The completed questionnaires were compiled and analysed by using SPSS software version 21. Frequencies of responses were calculated. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 196 (50.5%) participant were in the age category of 17&ndash;25 years with female predominance. Three hundred and 66 (94.3%) preferred washing hands with soap and water for 20 or more seconds, two thirds of the participants also agreed on the role of sanitizers. Only 159 (41%) knew what social distancing meant. Regarding the disinfection of eatable and non-eatable, almost half of the participants agreed to use soap and water. Considering the most effective disinfectant, 225 (43.8%) preferred Dettol. Surgical mask and N-95 masks were considered the effective ways to avoid droplet infections. Regarding the survival of the virus in different media, majority of the responses were completely ignorant. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>There are still gaps in knowledge, attitude and practices regarding prevention against Coronavirus infection at the outset of this out-break in Pakistan.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Mega Usvita

This study was intended to see how the effect of easiness, trustworthiness and perception on the risk of using e-commerce toward online purchasing decision (survey on consumer lazada.co.id). The populations in this study were all people who have visited the site Lazada.co.id with sample of 100 people, the sampling techniques using non-probability sampling with purposive sampling technique where the method of determination of the samples based on certain criteria. The results of this study, easiness variable (X1), trustworthiness (X2), the perception of risk (X3) gave positive and significant impact on online purchase decision (Y) with a significant level of 0.000. The amount influence of convenience (X1), trust (X2), the perception of risk (X3) toward online purchase decision (Y) is 0.314 (R2 = 31.4%). Keywords: Convenience, Trustworthiness, Perception of Risk, Purchase Decision


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 609-615
Author(s):  
Saivarshine S ◽  
Gheena S ◽  
Gayathri R

Photodynamic therapy is a light-based therapy that uses photosensitizers as an activating substance which has an inducing and therapeutic effect. It can be used to treat many periodontal and orthodontic problems in dentistry. It is used widely in treating many problems related to periodontics, oral lesions and to treat cariogenic bacteria. The aim of the study was to analyse the awareness on applications of photodynamic therapy in dentistry among undergraduate dental students. A questionnaire was prepared and administered to 100 participants through Google forms - an online survey platform. The study population included undergraduate dental students. Results were collected and generated in SPSS software. The results showed that the majority of participants were aware about the photodynamic therapy and its various uses in dentistry to treat patients. Photodynamic therapy is a light-based therapy which is used to treat various periodontal problems and it is used in gingival curettage and melanin pigmentation removal in dentistry. Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that the undergraduate dental students were well informed about the various uses of photodynamic therapy in dentistry.


2019 ◽  
pp. 004912411988248
Author(s):  
Barbara Felderer ◽  
Annelies G. Blom

The ease at which online paradata can be captured in web surveys seems to increase social researchers’ desire to collect such data. Yet little attention is paid to whether respondents actually approve of their collection. This article, therefore, studies online survey respondents’ acceptance of automatically collecting their geographical locations. In wave 4 of the German Internet Panel, we asked respondents for their consent to automatically track their location using a JavaScript. Respondents were also asked to report their location in a set of traditional survey questions. About 62 percent of respondents consented to the automated collection of their location whereas 97 percent provided their location manually. With respect to consent biases, we find evidence that the composition of the achieved sample of geo-located respondents is biased and that the personal characteristics associated with respondents’ willingness to be geo-located differ between the automated tracking and manual provision of geo-information.


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