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ABSTRACT Two midgestation placentas were perfused in situ with a combination of [7α-3H] dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and [4-14C] oestrone sulphate and metabolites were isolated from the placentas, perfusates and maternal urine specimens. Approximately 70 per cent of the perfused radioactive material was recovered from these three sources. The bulk of the administered radioactive material was recovered in an unchanged form from the perfusates; some 2–4 per cent was excreted in the urine and less than 0.5% was found in the placentas. The tritium to carbon-14 ratio of the unconjugated material isolated from the perfusates and placentas was higher, and that of the conjugated material recovered from the same sources was lower than the ratio of the administered material. In addition, more tritium than carbon-14 labelled material was present in the urine. Approximately 2 per cent of the perfused dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate was recovered in the form of phenolic steroids, mostly from the urine. From this source double labelled oestrone, oestriol, 16α-hydroxy-oestrone and 16-epioestriol were isolated. The tritium to carbon-14 ratio of all oestrogens isolated from the urine was higher than that of the perfused material. From the urine specimens 10 to 15 times more double labelled oestriol than oestrone was isolated.

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Dental Cements

Advances in Dental Research ◽

10.1177/08959374880020010501 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 134-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D.C. Smith

Keyword(s):

Zinc Phosphate ◽

Clinical Performance ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

Glass Ionomer Cements ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Laboratory Measurements ◽

Acid Dissolution ◽

Luting Agents ◽

Unchanged Form

The manifold uses of dental cements-as (a) luting agents, (b) cavity linings and bases, and (c) restorations for teeth—make them perhaps the most important materials in clinical dentistry. The research of the last 10 years has resulted in four main types, classified by matrix-forming species: (1) phosphate, (2) phenolate, (3) polycarboxylate, and (4) polymethacrylate. The zinc phosphate cements continue to be widely used for luting in an essentially unchanged form. Acidity and oral dissolution remain as problems. The zinc-oxide eugenol cements and their modifications are useful as linings and temporary materials but are susceptible to hydrolytic breakdown. Vanillate cements may be an improvement. Calcium hydroxide-salicylate cements are widely used as cavity linings, especially on exposures, and show improved resistance to acid dissolution. Polycarboxylate cements as both zinc polycarboxylate and glass-ionomer cements show adhesion potential, good physical properties, fluoride release, and, generally, good biological properties. Glass-ionomer cements when correctly manipulated show minimal oral dissolution. Polymethacrylate cements have been used principally for bonding etched cast metal restorations to etched enamel. Recently, adhesive crown-and-bridge cements have been developed. There are no well-established correlations between laboratory measurements of apparently relevant properties and clinical performance. More clinically-based research is needed to facilitate the development of new cements.

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Potential Cytotoxicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Excretion Properties of Sapindoside B from the Seeds of Nigella sativa var. hispidula

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1107-3058 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (05) ◽

pp. 356-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xingjiang Hu ◽

Meihua Lin ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

Yunliang Zheng ◽

Qiao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Cancer ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Rat Plasma ◽

Western China ◽

Isocratic Elution ◽

Ionization Source ◽

Triterpenoid Saponins ◽

Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Strong Antitumor Activity ◽

Unchanged Form

AbstractThe seeds of Nigella sativa var. hispidula are widely used in food preparation by the Uighur people in western China. Recently, series of oleanane triterpenoid saponins were extracted from the seeds of Nigella sativa var. hispidula, especially α-hederin as representative that exhibited strong antitumor activity. Compared to α-hederin, sapindoside B has just 1 more terminal xylopyranose in the 3-O position and displays similar effects against various human cancer cell lines with cisplatin. Considering this potential cytotoxic activity, a reliable LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantify sapindoside B in rat plasma, urine, and feces. Chromatographic separation was conducted on an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq (3.0 × 150 mm, 3.5 µm) column via an isocratic elution procedure with acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. Mass spectrometric detection was coupled with an electrospray ionization source in the MRM mode. The linear range of calibration curves was 15 ~ 3000 ng/mL in plasma/urine and 30 ~ 3000 ng/g in feces. The intra-day and inter-day precision was less than 11.1%, and accuracy ranged from 92.2% to 108.7%. The proposed method was validated and shown to be reliable, precise, and accurate and was successfully applied to its pharmacokinetics and excretion studies. Sapindoside B exhibited dosage-dependent pharmacokinetics in the range of 2.5 mg/kg to 12.5 mg/kg, and only about 2% of intravenous dose of sapindoside B was excreted by the feces and urine in its unchanged form over 48 h. These results provide further data support for evaluating the druggability of sapindoside B.

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Instability of flow with suspended sediment in an inclined channel

Vietnam Journal of Mechanics ◽

10.15625/0866-7136/10242 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nguyen Van Diep ◽

Dang Huu Chung

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Analysis ◽

Steady Flow ◽

Suspended Sediment ◽

Nonlinear Evolution ◽

Sediment Concentration ◽

Linear Analysis ◽

Inclined Channel ◽

Inclined Angle ◽

The Waves ◽

Unchanged Form

In this work the authors had studied the instability and nonlinear evolution of steady flow suspended sediment in inclined channel with fixed and plane bed. With the linear analysis- it has been shown that at the critical inclined angle, an arbitrary disturbance will be splinted in three modes 3F0/2, F0/2, F0, in which F0/2 and F0 propagate downstream and deaden while mode 3F0/2 propagates downstream and its form is unchanged. In particular the waves of sediment concentration always propagate downstream with velocity F0 and unchanged form. The nonlinear analysis has shown that the concentration waves propagate downstream with velocity F and deaden when the time t is large.

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Interpretation of Negative Prerequisites for Dissolving Marriage by Divorce – Comments in the Light of Directives of the Supreme Court

Studies in Logic Grammar and Rhetoric ◽

10.2478/slgr-2013-0005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 75-87

Author(s):

Małgorzata Anna Dziemianowicz

Keyword(s):

Supreme Court ◽

Judicial Decisions ◽

Binding Force ◽

Judicial Practice ◽

The Supreme Court ◽

The Family ◽

Minor Children ◽

Unchanged Form ◽

Made In ◽

Special Protection

Abstract The issues discussed in the following article focus on the interpretation of negative prerequisites for dissolving marriage by divorce. In Poland, special protection of the family stems both from the Constitution and the Family and Guardianship Code of 1964. The obstacles which seem to counteract the independent breaking of the marriage knot are the regulated positive and negative divorce prerequisites. In the area of divorce prerequisites in question, the Family and Guardianship Code functions in the unchanged form. As provided by the Family and Guardianship Code one of the negative divorce prerequisites was the welfare of minor children who could suffer as a result of granting a divorce. It is interesting for the contemporary judicial practice and the interpretation of law made in court judgments whether and in what scope it is possible to use the contemporary achievements of the Supreme Court as regards the guidelines. It seems that in the situation where the directives lost their binding force, it is not purposeful to refer to them as a source of law interpretation. The practice of judicial decisions seems to oppose this idea. Moreover, the guidelines of the Supreme Court passed at the time when they were a commonly binding interpretation of the law will undoubtedly be useful for creating the judicial law now and in the future.

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The Uptake and Metabolism of Adenosine in Human Blood Platelets

10.1055/s-0039-1689639 ◽

1975 ◽

Author(s):

J. P. M. Lips ◽

J. J. Sixma ◽

A. M. C. Trieschnigg ◽

H. Holmsen

Keyword(s):

Human Blood ◽

Adenine Nucleotides ◽

Blood Platelets ◽

Uptake Mechanism ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Adenosine Transport ◽

Energy Dependent ◽

Unchanged Form ◽

Uptake And Metabolism ◽

Human Blood Platelets

Adenosine is taken up tino intact washed human blood platelets by two independent carrier-mediated processes. The ‘low Km system’ has a Km of 9 uM, a V of 792 pMol/min/109, is energy dependent and has a Q10 of 1.71. This system is competitively inhibited by papaverine and dipyridamol. The high Km system has a Km of 9.4 mM, as V of 106 nMol/min/109 is also energy dependent and has a Q10 of 1.31. This system is competitively inhibited by adenine, that has a very high affinity (K1 = 5,8 uM).Evidence is presented that the low Km system transports adenosine in such a way, that it is directly incorporated into nucleotides. Adenosine transported by way of the high Km system arrives unchanged inside the platelets. At low concentrations all this adenosine is deaminated. At higher concentrations (5 mM) part of it is converted into adenine nucleotides and part of it is present in an unchanged form. Only a relatively small part is deaminated at high adenosine concentrations.The high Km system is inhibited by purines. The low Km system is only inhibited by purine ribosides. The presence of a double uptake mechanism and metabolic pathway has direct bearing on experiments that have been effected about the relation between adenosine transport and inhibition of ADP aggregation.

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Estimation of the Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (Y-STR) mutation rates in Turkey

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2017-0240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 142-150

Author(s):

Elif Mertoglu ◽

Gonul Filoglu ◽

Tolga Zorlu ◽

Ozlem Bulbul

Keyword(s):

Y Chromosome ◽

Tandem Repeats ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Mutation Rates ◽

Forensic Sciences ◽

Str Loci ◽

Kinship Relations ◽

Unchanged Form ◽

Short Tandem

Abstract Background: The Non-recombining region of the Y-chromosome (NRY) is transferred from father to son in an unchanged form without recombination in meiosis. Since Short tandem repeats on Y-chromosome (Y-STRs) in this region do not have any recombination, these regions are identical in all male individuals who are related to the father except for mutations. Therefore, these regions gain importance in identification for the forensic sciences or determination of paternity. In determination of paternity, if mismatches are observed between father and child, population-specific mutation rates should be used to determine whether it is a mutation or a true exclusion. Therefore in this study, we aim to determine the mutation rates of 17 Y-STR loci in Turkey. Material and methods: 17 Y-STR loci were typed by using AmpFlSTR® Yfiler™ Kit in 90 volunteer father-son pairs. Mutation rates were calculated and compared with other populations. Results: The mutations were found between three father-son pairs at DYS439 and DYS458 loci. In addition, a duplication in DYS389 II loci* 30, 31 was observed. The average mutation rate was determined as 1.96×10−3 for Turkish population. Conclusion: This investigation will contribute to minimize the possibility of false exclusion of the father-son and kinship relations.

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Human Pharmacology Studies in Volunteers with Indobufen (K 3920), Inhibitor of Platelet Aggregation

10.1055/s-0039-1684449 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

L.M. Fuccella ◽

G. Corvi ◽

E. Pogliani ◽

V. Tamassia ◽

G. Tosolini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Kinetic Parameters ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Half Life ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Human Pharmacology ◽

Unchanged Form

Given by the i.v. route to healthy volunteers, indobufen has an half-life of 7-9 h. After oral administration of tablets, the drug is completely absorbed. Excretion occurs through the kidney and the drug is present in the urine as glucoronide and in unchanged form. The maximum inhibitory effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation was observed 1 to 4 h after i.v. and p.o. administration but activity at 8 h was more marked after p.o. administration in accordance with the higher plasma levels found at that time. During repeated administration at the dose of 100 mg b.i.d. for 7 days, no important changes in kinetic parameters and activity of indobufen was observed. Indobufen is rapidly absorbed also when given by the i.m. route, giving at 30 min peak levels comparable to those observed after oral administration. These data suggest that indobufen is active by the i.V., p.o. and i.m. routes, that its effect on platelets, unlike ASA, is reversible, and that its kinetics is linear.

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Hypercholeresis induced by norchenodeoxycholate in biliary fistula rodent

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1987.252.2.g219 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 252 (2) ◽

pp. G219-G228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. R. Palmer ◽

D. Gurantz ◽

A. F. Hofmann ◽

L. M. Clayton ◽

L. R. Hagey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bile Acid ◽

Guinea Pig ◽

Biliary Fistula ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Bile Formation ◽

Dependent Flow ◽

Bicarbonate Output ◽

Unchanged Form ◽

Taurine Conjugate ◽

Hepatic Biotransformation

The biliary recovery and effect on bile flow and biliary bicarbonate secretion of infused norchenodeoxycholate (nor-CDC), the synthetically prepared C23 homologue of chenodeoxycholate (CDC), were defined in the anesthetized biliary fistula hamster, rat, and guinea pig and compared with those of its taurine conjugate as well as those of the natural C24 bile acid, CDC. In the hamster and rat, nor-CDC was recovered slowly in bile in contrast to its taurine conjugate or CDC. Hepatic biotransformation of nor-CDC was complex. Little amidation with glycine or taurine occurred and the compound was recovered in bile in unchanged form, in the form of hydroxylated derivatives as well as glucuronates and sulfates, the proportion varying in the different species. In contrast, CDC was efficiently amidated with glycine or taurine. The taurine conjugate of nor-CDC was secreted largely unchanged. Nor-CDC infusion caused a striking hypercholeresis in the hamster (108 microliters bile/mumol bile acid in bile) and in the rat (220 microliters/mumol); these values for bile acid-dependent flow far exceed those reported for any other natural bile acid to date in these species. The induced hypercholeresis was of canalicular origin and was accompanied by an enrichment in bicarbonate ion concentration as well as increased bicarbonate output. The taurine conjugate of nor-CDC did not display hypercholeretic properties in the hamster. In the guinea pig, whose native bile is bicarbonate-rich relative to other species, nor-CDC was only mildly hypercholeretic relative to CDC and caused no change in bicarbonate concentration. Thus shortening the side chain of a natural dihydroxy bile acid by a single carbon atom formed a compound that underwent a different hepatic biotransformation than that of most natural bile acids and induced a bicarbonate-rich canalicular choleresis far greater than that which can be explained by current theories of bile formation.

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Long Lexical Bundles and Standardisation in Historical Legal Texts

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia ◽

10.2478/v10121-012-0001-0 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 47 (2-3) ◽

pp. 3-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joanna Kopaczyk

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Legal Discourse ◽

Considerable Degree ◽

Lexical Bundles ◽

Research Results ◽

Legal Texts ◽

Fixed Expressions ◽

And Function ◽

Unchanged Form

Abstract Standardisation on the level of text is visible in the employment of stable and fixed expressions for a specific textual purpose. When gauging the extent of standardisation in texts, one of the parameters which should be taken into consideration is the length of such stable patterns. Since it is more difficult, and therefore rarer, to reproduce long chunks of text in an unchanged form, such a practice points towards greater standardisation. To explore the textual behaviour of long fixed strings in legal texts, this paper concentrates on long lexical bundles built out of eight consecutive elements (8-grams) and their frequency and function in historical legal texts. The database for this pilot paper comprises two collections of legal and administrative texts written in Scots between the fourteenth and the sixteenth century. The research results point to a considerable degree of textual standardisation throughout the corpus and to the most prominent functions of long repetitive chunks in historical legal discourse.

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