Parent Opinions and Attitudes on Toys for Children with or Without Developmental Disabilities

Toys are needed paraphernalia for all children. This study employs a cross sectional purposive sample survey to target parents of 267 children (Mean Age: 3.99; SD: 1.39) below six years including 158 boys (Mean Age: 3.89; SD: 1.32) and 109 girls (Mean Age: 4.13; SD: 1.48) with and without developmental disabilities to elicit their opinions and attitudes on toys. A 25-item open ended ‘Opinion Elicitation Probe on Toys’ and another 20-item Likert type ‘Toy Attitude Scale’ was exclusively developed for use in this study. Results show that parents view their children as unable to make choices on procurement of toys and requiring guidance in their routine use. There have apprehension if toys, which involve money, would benefit their children. Parent attitudes reflect that toys are unaffordable or dispensable luxuries. They are aware that children love toys and that are different toys for various age groups. Dispensing toys to children with special needs is deemed risky or unsafe. They are undecided whether boys and girls require the same or different toys. It is felt that teaching children to read and write is better option than waste time on engagement with toys. Many parents are against technology driven digital toys. It is concluded that there is need for prescriptions on just how many minimum number or variety of toys each child must be necessarily given or made available without amounting to infringement upon their basic rights to own toys.

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The UPTAKE study: implications for the future of COVID-19 vaccination trial recruitment in UK and beyond

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05250-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sonika Sethi ◽

Aditi Kumar ◽

Anandadeep Mandal ◽

Mohammed Shaikh ◽

Claire A. Hall ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Small Towns ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Trial Recruitment ◽

Trial Management ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

The Future

Abstract Background Developing a safe and effective vaccine will be the principal way of controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. However, current COVID-19 vaccination trials are not adequately representing a diverse participant population in terms of age, ethnicity and comorbidities. Achieving the representative recruitment targets that are adequately powered to the study remains one of the greatest challenges in clinical trial management. To ensure accuracy and generalisability of the safety and efficacy conclusions generated by clinical trials, it is crucial to recruit patient cohorts as representative as possible of the future target population. Missing these targets can lead to reduced validity of the study results and can often slow down drug development leading to costly delays. Objective This study explores the key factors related to perceptions and participation in vaccination trials. Methods This study involved an anonymous cross-sectional online survey circulated across the UK. Statistical analysis was done in six phases. Multi-nominal logistic models examined demographic and geographic factors that may impact vaccine uptake. Results The survey had 4884 participants of which 9.44% were Black Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME). Overall, 2020 (41.4%) respondents were interested in participating in vaccine trials; 27.6% of the respondents were not interested and 31.1% were unsure. The most interested groups were male (OR = 1.29), graduates (OR = 1.28), the 40–49 and 50–59 age groups (OR = 1.88 and OR = 1.46 respectively) and those with no health issues (OR = 1.06). The least interested groups were BAME (OR = 0.43), those from villages and small towns (OR = 0.66 and 0.54 respectively) and those aged 70 and above (OR = 1.11). Conclusions In order to have a vaccination that is generalisable to the entire population, greater work needs to be done in engaging a diverse cohort of participants. Public health campaigns need to be targeted in improving trial recruitment rates for the elderly, BAME community and the less educated rural population.

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ULTRASOUND;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2012.19.02.2005 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 (02) ◽

pp. 187-192

Author(s):

EJAZ HUSSAIN SIDDIQUI ◽

SAAD SIDDIQUI ◽

NOREEN SHAH

Keyword(s):

Pediatric Population ◽

Adult Population ◽

Age Groups ◽

X Rays ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ultrasound Findings ◽

Hepatobiliary Diseases

Objectives: To assess common presenting features and the role of Ultrasound in evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases in ourpopulation. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Khyber X rays, Khyber Medical Centre, Peshawar. Period: August 2010 to December2010. Material and Methods: Data from patients presenting for evaluation of Hepatobiliary diseases was analyzed for presenting complaintsand ultrasound findings according to objectives of the study. Results: In total 197 cases were included in the study. The age wise categorizationincluded pediatric population (6.1%) adult population (87.3%) and geriatric population (6.6%). Upper abdominal pain was the most commonpresenting feature in all age groups as well as in both genders. Cholelithiasis with or without cholecystitis was the most common ultrasoundfinding in all age groups. No statistically significant difference was found between presenting features or ultrasound findings in different agegroups as well as across gender. Conclusions: Hepatobiliary diseases are among major illnesses in our region. Ultrasound is a sensitive anduseful tool for screening and evaluation of Hepatobiliary disorders.

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Attitudes toward breastfeeding practices among breastfeeding women in Buraydah city, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20203119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1203

Author(s):

Alhanof F. Alharbi ◽

Asma M. Almutairi ◽

Abeer E. Alrasheedi ◽

Abdulrhman Aldukhayel ◽

Sara M. Almutairi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Breastfeeding Attitudes ◽

Individual Scores ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire ◽

Purposive Sample

Background: This study assessed the attitudes toward breastfeeding among mothers receiving healthcare services in Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCCs) in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. It also examined the association between the mothers’ demographic characteristics and breastfeeding attitudes.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. A purposive sample of 415 breastfeeding mothers who were receiving healthcare services from the selected PHCCs during the conduct of the study were recruited in PHCCs in Buraydah, Saudi Arabia. A two-part self-administered questionnaire containing a demographic sheet and the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) Arabic version was employed to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used accordingly in data analyses.Results: The overall mean score of the women in the IIFAS was 60.50 (SD = 11.08), with individual scores ranging from 17.00 to 82.00. This finding implies good attitudes toward breastfeeding. Mothers who were divorced/widowed (M = 63.75, SD = 5.20) had significantly better breastfeeding attitudes than married mothers (M = 60.24, SD = 11.38). Mothers who were not working (M = 61.41, SD = 10.03) reported more positive breastfeeding attitudes compared with working mothers (M = 58.36, SD = 13.02).Conclusions: The mothers reported good attitudes toward breastfeeding, but expressed poor beliefs in some areas of breastfeeding. The present findings have implication to medicine, nursing, and healthcare policies.

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A comparative study of dementia knowledge, attitudes and care approach among Chinese nursing and medical students

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35401/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yao Wang ◽

Lily Dongxia Xiao ◽

Rong Huang

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Professional Education ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Study Results ◽

Care Approach

Abstract BackgroundDementia care requires inter-disciplinary collaboration starting from formal health professional education. Yet, little is known about how undergraduate medical and nursing students perceive dementia care in China. The aim of this study was to investigate undergraduate medical and nursing students’ dementia knowledge, attitudes and care approach in China.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Students enrolled in a 5-year Bachelor of Medicine Program and a 4-year Bachelor of Nursing Program from four universities with campuses across Eastern, Western, Southern and Northern China were recruited into the study. Three validated instruments, Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS), Dementia Care Attitude Scale (DCAS) and Approach to Advanced Dementia Care Questionnaire (ADCQ), were used to examine students’ dementia knowledge, attitudes and perceived care approach. Data were collected using a self-administered survey.ResultsThe number of medical and nursing students completing the survey was 526 and 467 respectively. Students’ overall knowledge about dementia was poor, but attitudes were generally positive. The overall mean score of students’ dementia knowledge examined by the ADKS was 19.49 (SD=2.82) out of 30, students’ attitudes to dementia was 29.92(SD=3.35) out of 40, and students’ person-centred care approach of dementia was 5.42 (SD=2.20) out of 13. Medical students demonstrated higher dementia knowledge scores and showed less positive attitude scores than nursing students (p<0.05). Students would not apply a person-centred care approach. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of ADCQ between nursing students and medical students.Conclusions Study results highlight the urgent need to implement an inter-disciplinary approach to increasing dementia education among Chinese medical and nursing students, and ensuring that students have adequate knowledge, attitudes and experience in the care of people with dementia.

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Exploration of Cosmetic Factors Contributing to Rhinoplasty among Both Genders in Iraqi Kurdistan

Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research ◽

10.24017/science.2020.ichms2020.2 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 10-18

Author(s):

Aram Salih Mohammed Amin Kamali ◽

Hedi Hassan Rostam ◽

Awat Alla Khdir ◽

Omer Aula Mina

Keyword(s):

Young Male ◽

Psychological Needs ◽

Self Administration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Study Results ◽

Functional Factors ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Purposive Sample

The most outstanding feature of face is the nose which is in furthering than any other feature to facial characteristics. Furthermore, the appealing aspects of the nose is an essential olfactory organ. Over and beyond the aesthetic and functional aspects the client's reaction to his/her own nose as well as the reaction of the people around to it impacts to the psychic characteristics. A non-probability purposive sample of this cross - sectional descriptive study was consisted of 100 young male and female in Kurdish ethnicity, their ages ranged between 21-25 years. The main objective of the study is conducted to assess the cosmetic factors, contribute to Rhinoplasty among both genders at Raparin District. The data collecting period were during the (December 15th, 2019 to January 5th, 2020). A self-administration questionnaire was used for data collection and it was designed according guidelines, literatures, and articles concerning Rhinoplasty; which consisted of 26 variables. Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 23. The study results revealed that most of participants (67%) were female when only (17%) of them were married, however, more than half (67%) were students. Whenever, they about (56%) were barely sufficient in their monthly income. Moreover, about (61%) of participants interested to surgically alter the appearance of their nose, closely two-third (74%) of participants wanted to surgically change the function of their nose. Therefore, almost (87%) of participant relatives have been operated with Rhinoplasty. Also, the study demonstrated there is a statistically significant relationship between cosmetic factors contributing to Rhinoplasty with age (p=0.035) and occupation (p=0.037). When, there were strongly statistically significant association between cosmetic un-functional factors contributing to Rhinoplasty with level of education (p=0.003). The study recommended to plastic surgeons evaluate patients carefully before Rhinoplasty surgery to get rid of unnecessary surgeries because there are lots of complications related to Rhinoplasty and the psychological needs of the patients who undergo Rhinoplasty should be considered.

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Epidemiology of Primary Malignant Bone Tumors in Isfahan Province, Iran

Journal of Research in Orthopedic Science ◽

10.32598/jrosj.6.4.49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Hossein Akbari Aghdam ◽

◽

Azin Mohammad-Salehi ◽

Hamed i Zandi-esfahan ◽

Mohsen Heidari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Soft Tissue Tumors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Isfahan Province ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Study Results ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Background: Primary malignant tumors, including rare tumors of the skeleton, are of concern. However, the unpredictable prognosis, morbidity, and mortality of these tumors have raised them as one of the health problems. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of these tumors in Isfahan province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 489 patients with malignant bone and soft tissue tumors were enrolled from 2006 to 2016. Their data were available in Isfahan medical centers, and their diagnostic biopsies from their hospitals’ records were examined. The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS. Results: The most common tumors were in the descending order: Osteosarcoma (15.1%), Ewing sarcoma (13.7%), chondrosarcoma (13.1%), fibrosarcoma and neurofibrosarcoma (10.8%), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (7.8%), synovial sarcoma (6.7%), liposarcoma (6.5%), dermatofibrosarcoma (3.3%), rhabdomyosarcoma (3.1%), and leiomyosarcoma (3.1%). Other sarcomas comprised 16.8%. The highest prevalence of tumors was in Isfahan city. Conclusion: This study was conducted for the first time in Isfahan Province to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors. Our study results were similar to most studies conducted in different regions of the world. Considering the relatively high prevalence of malignant bone and soft tissue tumors in lower age groups, we recommend further studies in this area to manage this problem.

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The study of the prevalence of articular syndrome and pathology of the musculoskeletal system through a telephone questionnaire survey

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj1883 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 519-521

Author(s):

D G Krechikova ◽

Sh F Erdes ◽

V A Milyagin

Keyword(s):

Rheumatic Disease ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Age Groups ◽

Knee Joints ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Relationship ◽

Telephone Questionnaire ◽

Linear Nature

Aim. To establish the prevalence of complaints of joint swelling and arthralgia among the population of Smolensk city, to assess their correlation with the presence of rheumatic diseases. Methods. A cross-sectional telephone questionnaire survey of residents of six therapeutic districts of two municipal polyclinics of Smolensk city was conducted. Interviewed were 2737 people (64.8% females and 35.2% males). The average age of respondents was 49.1±17.6 years. Results. Swelling of the joints at the time of the survey was revealed in 665 (24.3%) of respondents, in the majority of which (583 people, 21.3%) the symptoms persisted for more than the last 12 months. Pain in the knee joints was observed in 1141 (41.7%) residents, including arthralgia lasting more than a year - in 1012 (37.0%) people. The relationship between both of the symptoms and the gender (the predominance of women) and age (an increasing linear nature of the frequency of complaints in males and non-linear with a peak in the group of 70-80-year-olds - in females) was revealed. It was established that only 41.3% of respondents with joints swelling and 30.9% with arthralgia had a previously established diagnosis of rheumatic disease. Conclusion. The study results suggest that there is high prevalence of rheumatic complaints among residents of Smolensk city with a predominance of articular disease in women and individuals of older age groups; revealed was the fact of low awareness of the population of the existing rheumatic disease.

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A comparative study of dementia knowledge, attitudes and perception of care approach among Chinese nursing and medical students

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35401/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yao Wang ◽

Lily Dongxia Xiao ◽

Rong Huang

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Professional Education ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Dementia Care ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Study Results ◽

Care Approach

Abstract Background Dementia care requires inter-disciplinary collaboration starting from formal health professional education. Yet, little is known about how undergraduate medical and nursing students perceive dementia care in China. The aim of this study was to investigate undergraduate medical and nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes and care approach of dementia in China. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted. Students enrolled in a 5-year Bachelor of Medicine Program and a 4-year Bachelor of Nursing Program from four universities with campuses across Eastern, Western, Southern and Northern China were recruited into the study. Three validated instruments, Alzheimer’s Disease Knowledge Scale (AKDS), Dementia Care Attitude Scale (DCAS) and Approach to Advanced Dementia Care Questionnaire (ADCQ), were used to measure students’ dementia knowledge, attitudes and perceived care approach. Data were collected using a self-administered survey. Results The number of medical and nursing students completing the survey was 526 and 467 respectively. The overall mean score of students’ dementia knowledge measured by the ADKS was 19.49 (SD=2.82) out of 30, students’ attitudes to dementia was 29.92(SD=3.35) out of 40, and students’ person-centred care approach of dementia was 5.42 (SD=2.20) out of 13. Students’ overall knowledge towards dementia was poor and the attitudes were generally positive. Medical students demonstrated higher dementia knowledge scores and showed less positive attitude scores than nursing students (p<0.05). Students would not apply a person-centered care approach. There were no statistically significant differences in the mean scores of ADCQ between nursing students and medical students. Conclusions Study results highlight the urgent need to implement an inter-disciplinary approach to increasing dementia education among Chinese medical and nursing students, and ensuring that students have adequate knowledge, attitudes and experience in the care of people with dementia.

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GALL STONES;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.02.2103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (02) ◽

pp. 386-390

Author(s):

Alina Saqib ◽

Saeed Sattar Shaikh ◽

Jawad Mumtaz Sodhar

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Gall Stone ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gall Stones ◽

Female Predominance ◽

Study Results ◽

Different Types ◽

The Mean

Objectives: Recognition of various gall stones in the patients attending surgicalOPD by biochemical analysis of gall stones. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place &duration of study: ISRA Hospital, Hyderabad and Institute of Biochemistry Sindh UniversityJamshoro. Duration of study was 18 months. Methods: Cases were patients with gall stones whowere diagnosed on ultrasonography. Gall stone analysis was done from Institute of BiochemistrySindh University Jamshoro. A total of sixty nine subjects were included in the study. Results: Inthe present study the mean Age was 35.81+ 8.12 years. Frequencies in different age groups are15-24 (11.60%), 25-34 (24.64%), 35-44 (53.63%), 45-54 (8.69%), 55-64 (01.45%). Age distributionis shown in Graph III-1. In the present study 49(71.0%) were females and 20(29%) were maleswith the female to male ration of 2.45:1. gender distribution is shown in Graph III-2. In the presentfrequencies of different types of gall stones was, cholesterol stones 38(55.07%), pigmentedstones 20(28.99%) and mixed type of stones 11(15.94%). Frequencies of different types of gallstones is shown in Graph III-3. Conclusions: In our study the frequency of cholesterol gall stoneis more as compared to pigmented and mixed gall stones. A total of 55.07% of cholesterolgallstones were found in our study with the female predominance.

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PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SUB-URBAN POPULATION OF CHENNAI USING QUS (QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND) OF CALCANEUM -A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

10.36106/ijsr/1604084 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 43-44

Author(s):

S. Balameena ◽

R Agavendra ◽

Karthikeyan Karthikeyan ◽

Sujatha Sujatha ◽

Sabarish Sabarish ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Screening Test ◽

Past History ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Study Results ◽

History Of ◽

Ultrasound Score

Background:Burden of Osteoporosis and its related fractures are enormous and growing public health concern. Worldwide, an estimated 200 million adults suffer from osteoporosis. Vertebral and non-vertebral fractures are the most clinically relevant osteoporotic fracture because they are expensive to treat and have severe consequences for middle aged and elderly population.(1 ,2) The purpose of our study was to assess calcaneal ultrasound score as a screening test for osteoporosis. Material and Methods: Fifty patients above the age of 40 years who attended a health checkup camp conducted by our institute in a suburban population base of Chennai,Tamilnadu was subjected for noninvasive QUS of calcaneum bone as a screening test for osteoporosis. They were divided into different age groups ,co-morbid conditions noted and BMD scores from QUS was assessed. Statistical method were used with SPSS Version .It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Results: A total of 50 patients underwent QUS of calcaneum bone in our study , all of them above the age of 40 years. 33(66%) of them were females and 17(34%) were males. Eight patients( 16% ) had T score < -2.5 out of which 1 was male. 26 patients(52%) had T scores in the osteopenic range (-1>Tscore>-2.5).16 patients(32%) had T scores in the normal range. 40 % of patients had associated osteoarthritis and four patients had diabetes. 2 patients who underwent screening had past history of nontraumatic fractures. Conclusion: QUS of calcaneum is a good screening tool for assessing bone density in our country since its cost effective and can be used in various screening camps. The machine is portable and can be used with minimal training making it easier for the primary caregiver. It has reasonably good sensitivity and fair specicity when using Tscore of -2.5 as the cut off point. However DEXAis the gold standard for treatment and followup of patients with osteoporosis.

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