scholarly journals Intraparenchymal subependymoma: Case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Othavio Gomes Lopes ◽  
Felipe Calmon Du Pin Almeida ◽  
Gustavo Augusto Porto Sereno Cabral ◽  
Rodrigo Dias Guimaraes ◽  
Ruy Castro Monteiro da Silva Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Ventricular System ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Benign Tumors ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Benign Nature ◽  
New Treatment

Background: Intracranial subependymomas are rare slow-growing benign tumors typically located in the ventricular system, accounting for 0.07–0.7% of all intracranial neoplasms. Intraparenchymal subependymoma is extremely rare lesions, imposing a challenging diagnosis and management. Case Description: We describe a case of a supratentorial intraparenchymal mass on left occipital lobe in a 26-year-old woman with progressive headache and visual impairment. Differential diagnosis mainly included gliomas, neuronal-glial tumors, ependymoma, and subependymoma. Complete surgical resection was performed and histopathology analysis confirmed diagnosis of subependymoma. Despite its benign behavior the Ki67/MIB-1 labeling index assessed by immunohistochemistry was 5%. After 1 year of follow-up she was free of tumor recurrence. Conclusion: Intraparenchymal subependymoma is extremely rare tumors and literature review showed only 11 cases reported. In general, they are misdiagnosed as other tumors, so careful attention on clinical and radiological features must be taken when looking at a tumor close to the ventricular system, even though it does not have any obvious direct connection to it. Despite its benign nature, total removal must be attempted given that there are reports of recurrence, especially in partially removed tumors with high proliferation index. The role of adjuvant therapy is still limited and new treatment options are being developed as our knowledge on biological and molecular characteristics advances.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Current Therapeutic Approaches for COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Soltani ◽  
Amir Mohammad Zakeri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Karimi ◽  
Sara Akhavan Rezayat ◽  
Fateme Zomorodi Anbaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Supportive Care ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: In December 2019, the pneumonia outbreak reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. WHO introduced a novel coronavirus and the virus named Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in January 2020. There are not any specific antiviral agents for coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19). Objective: Our review aimed to discuss treatment options and the efficacy of currently prescribed drugs and supportive care in COVID‐19 patients. Study Design: A literature review of the articles in the Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and EMBASE conducted. Results: Lopinavir/ritonavir combination was the most frequently used drug, followed by Arbidol and Oseltamivir and Methylprednisolone. Lopinavir/Ritonavir outcome showed the fever and respiratory infection improve in day two and day eight, respectively. Also, negative PCR of SARS‐CoV‐2 in days six and 7day was seen and finally these patients discharged in 10 days. Conclusions: Lopinavir/Ritonavir was the most improving administrated antiviral combination, which might be a good option for COVID-19 due to its availability. Although supportive care such as O2 supplementary and IV fluid therapy has improved outcomes. There are not evidence for suggesting a new treatment or a new drug, which mean the necessity of further investigations for drug research in a clinical trial for a conclusion about the optimum treatment.

Neoplasms of the thymus

2016 ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bütof ◽  
Axel Denz ◽  
Gustavo Baretton ◽  
Jan Stöhlmacher-Williams ◽  
Michael Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
General Health Condition ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
New Treatment

Thymic tumours are among the malignant diseases with very low incidence. Therefore clinical research and development of new treatment options pose an ongoing challenge. For treatment of thymomas the following methods are used: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs. The optimal type and sequence of therapy depends on tumour stage, histological subtype, and general health condition of the patient. A complete surgical resection is still the mainstay of therapy. For patients with incomplete resection or in locally advanced stages adjuvant radio/chemotherapy is recommended. Neoadjuvant treatment approaches and novel targeted therapies are under investigation. Lifelong follow-up has to be preferred because of possible late recurrences.

Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Treatment Outcomes in Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1312-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrissy H.Y. van Beurden-Tan ◽  
Margreet G. Franken ◽  
Hedwig M. Blommestein ◽  
Carin A. Uyl-de Groot ◽  
Pieter Sonneveld
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Refractory Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
New Treatment

Purpose Since 2000, many new treatment options have become available for relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM) after a long period in which dexamethasone and melphalan had been the standard treatment. Direct comparisons of these novel treatments, however, are lacking. This makes it extremely difficult to evaluate the relative added value of each new treatment. Our aim was to synthesize all efficacy evidence, enabling a comparison of all current treatments for R/R MM. Methods We performed a systematic literature review to identify all publicly available phase III randomized controlled trial evidence. We searched Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and the Web site www.ClinicalTrials.gov . In addition, two trials presented at two international hematology congresses (ie, ASCO 2016 and European Hematology Association 2016) were added to include the most recent evidence. In total, 17 randomized controlled trials were identified, including 18 treatment options. The evidence was synthesized using a conventional network meta-analysis. To include all treatments within one network, two treatment options were combined: (1) bortezomib monotherapy and bortezomib plus dexamethasone, and (2) thalidomide monotherapy and thalidomide plus dexamethasone. Results The combination of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone was identified as the best treatment. It was most favorable in terms of (1) hazard ratio for progression-free survival (0.13; 95% credible interval, 0.09 to 0.19), and (2) probability of being best (99% of the simulations). This treatment combination reduced the risk of progression or death by 87% versus dexamethasone, 81% versus bortezomib plus dexamethasone, and 63% versus lenalidomide plus dexamethasone. Conclusion Our network meta-analysis provides a complete overview of the relative efficacy of all available treatments for R/R MM. Until additional data from randomized studies are available, on the basis of this analysis, the combination of daratumumab, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone seems to be the best treatment option.

Management of thoracic aortic lesions - the future is endovascular

VASA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidenhagen ◽  
Bombien ◽  
Meimarakis ◽  
Geisler ◽  
A. Koeppel
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Aorta ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Traumatic Rupture ◽  
Descending Thoracic Aorta ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Aneurysm Dissection

Open surgical repair of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta, such as aneurysm, dissection and traumatic rupture, has been the “state-of-the-art” treatment for many decades. However, in specialized cardiovascular centers, thoracic endovascular aortic repair and hybrid aortic procedures have been implemented as novel treatment options. The current clinical results show that these procedures can be performed with low morbidity and mortality rates. However, due to a lack of randomized trials, the level of reliability of these new treatment modalities remains a matter of discussion. Clinical decision-making is generally based on the experience of the vascular center as well as on individual factors, such as life expectancy, comorbidity, aneurysm aetiology, aortic diameter and morphology. This article will review and discuss recent publications of open surgical, hybrid thoracic aortic (in case of aortic arch involvement) and endovascular repair in complex pathologies of the descending thoracic aorta.

A Genomic Approach to Characterize the Vulnerable Patient – a Clinical Update

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-144
Author(s):  
Evelin Szabó ◽  
Zsolt Parajkó ◽  
Diana Opincariu ◽  
Monica Chițu ◽  
Nóra Raț ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Vulnerable Patient ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Atherosclerosis is the elemental precondition for any cardiovascular disease and the predominant cause of ischemic heart disease that often leads to myocardial infarction. Systemic risk factors play an important role in the starting and progression of atherosclerosis. The complexity of the disease is caused by its multifactorial origin. Besides the traditional risk factors, genetic predisposition is also a strong risk factor. Many studies have intensively researched cardioprotective drugs, which can relieve myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, thereby reducing infarct size. A better understanding of abnormal epigenetic pathways in the myocardial pathology may result in new treatment options. Individualized therapy based on genome sequencing is important for an effective future medical treatment. Studies based on multiomics help to better understand the pathophysiological mechanism of several diseases at a molecular level. Epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic research may be essential in detecting the pathological phenotype of myocardial ischemia and ischemic heart failure.

Proteomic Analysis of the Vitreous Body in Proliferative and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van-An Duong ◽  
Jeeyun Ahn ◽  
Na-Young Han ◽  
Jong-Moon Park ◽  
Jeong-Hun Mok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Vitreous Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
New Treatment

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), one of the major microvascular complications commonly occurring in diabetic patients, can be classified into Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) and Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (NPDR). Currently available therapies are only targeted for later stages of the disease in which some pathologic changes may be irreversible. Thus, there is a need to develop new treatment options for earlier stages of DR through revealing pathological mechanisms of PDR and NPDR. Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize proteomes of diabetic through quantitative analysis of PDR and NPDR. Methods: Vitreous body was collected from three groups: control (non-diabetes mellitus), NPDR, and PDR. Vitreous proteins were digested to peptide mixtures and analyzed using LC-MS/MS. MaxQuant was used to search against the database and statistical analyses were performed using Perseus. Gene ontology analysis, related-disease identification, and protein-protein interaction were performed using the differential expressed proteins. Results: Twenty proteins were identified as critical in PDR and NPDR. The NPDR group showed different expressions of kininogen-1, serotransferrin, ribonuclease pancreatic, osteopontin, keratin type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal, and transthyretin. Also, prothrombin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and delta were particularly up-regulated proteins for PDR group. The up-regulated proteins related to complement and coagulation cascades. Statherin was down-regulated in PDR and NPDR compared with the control group. Transthyretin was the unique protein that increased its abundance in NPDR compared with the PDR and control group. Conclusion: This study confirmed the different expressions of some proteins in PDR and NPDR. Additionally, we revealed uniquely expressed proteins of PDR and NPDR, which would be differential biomarkers: prothrombin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, hemoglobin subunit alpha, beta, and transthyretin.

Immunotherapy and potential predictive biomarkers in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghui Xu ◽  
Yuhao Wang ◽  
Hushan Zhang ◽  
Xueke She ◽  
Jianjun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Ablative Therapies ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasias (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumors scattered throughout the body. Surgery, locoregional or ablative therapies as well as maintenance treatments are applied in well-differentiated, low-grade NENs, whereas cytotoxic chemotherapy is usually applied in high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. However, treatment options for patients with advanced or metastatic NENs are limited. Immunotherapy has provided new treatment approaches for many cancer types, including neuroendocrine tumors, but predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of NENs have not been fully reported. By reviewing the literature and international congress abstracts, we summarize the current knowledge of ICIs, potential predicative biomarkers in the treatment of NENs, implications and efficacy of ICIs as well as biomarkers for NENs of gastroenteropancreatic system, lung NENs and Merkel cell carcinoma in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Cutibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in HaCaT Cells by Using Buddleja davidii Aqueous Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Anh Thu Nguyen ◽  
Ki-young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Cytokine Expression ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Hacat Keratinocyte

Acne is an inflammatory skin disorder; although some anti-inflammatory medicines for treating acne are available in a market, they have considerable side effects; therefore, new treatment options are needed. In the present study, among the 16 aqueous extracts of plants collected from Jeju Island in Korea which are used to test anti-inflammatory activity, B. davidii showed the strong decline of the proinflammatory cytokine expression against the inflammatory process caused by C. acnes in Human HaCaT keratinocyte cells. B. davidii downregulated the expression of 57% of COX-2, 41% of iNOS, and proinflammatory cytokines 29% of TNF-α, 32% of IL-1β, 21% of IL-6, and 35% of IL-8. Furthermore, B. davidii inhibited NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades in keratinocytes that activated by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2) in response to C. acnes. Given those results, B. davidii is a potential agent to reduce the proinflammatory cytokine expression against C. acnes-induced inflammation and might provide an alternative to the current medications.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of gout flare prophylaxis and therapy use in people with chronic kidney disease: a Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network (G-CAN)-initiated literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai Leng Pisaniello ◽  
Mark C. Fisher ◽  
Hamish Farquhar ◽  
Ana Beatriz Vargas-Santos ◽  
Catherine L. Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Clinical Trial Results ◽  
Gout Flare

AbstractGout flare prophylaxis and therapy use in people with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) is challenging, given limited treatment options and risk of worsening renal function with inappropriate treatment dosing. This literature review aimed to describe the current literature on the efficacy and safety of gout flare prophylaxis and therapy use in people with CKD stages 3–5. A literature search via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE was performed from 1 January 1959 to 31 January 2018. Inclusion criteria were studies with people with gout and renal impairment (i.e. estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2), and with exposure to colchicine, interleukin-1 inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and glucocorticoids. All study designs were included. A total of 33 studies with efficacy and/or safety analysis stratified by renal function were reviewed—colchicine (n = 20), anakinra (n = 7), canakinumab (n = 1), NSAIDs (n = 3), and glucocorticoids (n = 2). A total of 58 studies reported these primary outcomes without renal function stratification—colchicine (n = 29), anakinra (n = 10), canakinumab (n = 6), rilonacept (n = 2), NSAIDs (n = 1), and glucocorticoids (n = 10). Most clinical trials excluded study participants with severe CKD (i.e. eGFR or CrCl of < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Information on the efficacy and safety outcomes of gout flare prophylaxis and therapy use stratified by renal function is lacking. Clinical trial results cannot be extrapolated for those with advanced CKD. Where possible, current and future gout flare studies should include patients with CKD and with study outcomes reported based on renal function and using standardised gout flare definition.

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