scholarly journals PENINGKATAN MUTU SERAT DAUR ULANG KOTAK KARTON GELOMBANG BEKAS MENGGUNAKAN CMC

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny Kurnia Wirawan ◽  
Nina Elyani ◽  
Ike Rostika
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard ◽  
Recycled Fibers

The use of recycled fibers derived from old corrugated cardboard (OCC) potential for enhanced strength properties through the addition of carboxy methylcellulose (CMC). Research carried out on local OCC with variation of time reaction, temperture, and the dosage of of CMC and CaCl2. Handsheet laboratory was made, and then analyzed the strength properties include tensile index, tensile energy absorption (TEA) index , bursting index and folding endurance, as well as coarseness and kink. The results show the optimum condition is achieved on the conditions of the reaction time of 20 minutes, the reaction suhue 25°C, the concentration of CMC 0,75% and concentration CaCl2 0,5% . Strength properties improvement was achieved at 3,07% tensile index, folding endurance 43,75% and bursting strength 36,81% .Keywords: CMC, OCC, strength properties   ABSTRAKSifat kekuatan serat daur ulang yang berasal dari kotak karton gelombang (KKG) bekas berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan melalui penambahan karboksi metil selulosa (CMC). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap KKG bekas lokal dengan variasi waktu, suhu, dan dosis penambahan CMC dan CaCl2. Lembaran kertas dibuat secara laboratorium , kemudian dianalisis sifat kekuatan meliputi indek tarik, indek tensile energy absorption (TEA), indek retak, dan ketahanan lipat, serta analisis coarseness dan kink. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kondisi optimum dicapai pada waktu reaksi 20 menit, suhu reaksi 25°C, konsentrasi CMC 0,75% dan konsentrasi CaCl2 0,5%. Peningkatan kekuatan yang dihasilkan adalah indeks tarik 3,07%, ketahanan lipat 43,75% dan indeks retak 36,81%.Kata kunci: CMC, KKG bekas, sifat kekuatan

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN MUTU KERTAS DAUR ULANG MENGGUNAKAN XYLAN ( IMPROVEMENT QUALITY OF RECYCLED FIBER USING XYLAN )

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Sonny Kurnia Wirawan ◽  
Chandra Apriana Purwita ◽  
Nina Elyani
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Recycled Fiber ◽  
Corrugated Cardboard

ABSTRACTCorncob as agricultural waste is a potential source of xylan to be used as an additive to increase the paper strength sheets originating from old corrugated cardboard (OCC). The aim of this research is to know increasing of strength properties from recycled fiber after addition of corncob xylan, compared to the commercial xylan. The xylan extraction was carried out by acid and the addition of xylan to the fiber was carried out at 80 ºC for 30 minutes. The results showed that the use of corncob xylan 5% (w/w) can increase the tensile index by 13.08%, burst index by 9.24%, ring crush test (RCT) index by 39.13% and corrugated medium test (CMT) index by 17.44%.ABSTRAKTongkol jagung sebagai limbah pertanian merupakan sumber xylan yang potensial yang dapat digunakan sebagai aditif untuk meningkatkan kekuatan lembaran kertas daur ulang yang berasal dari Kertas Karton Gelombang (KKG) bekas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kekuatan lembaran kertas daur ulang setelah penambahan xylan dari tongkol jagung, dibandingkan dengan xylan komersial. Ekstraksi xylan dilakukan dengan metode asam dan penambahan xylan terhadap serat dilakukan pada temperatur 80ºC selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan xylan tongkol jagung sebanyak 5% (berat xylan/berat kering pulp) dapat meningkatkan indeks tarik 13,08%, indeks retak 9,24%, indeks RCT 39,13% dan indeks CMT 17,44%.

scholarly journals Effect of uniaxial stress on bursting energy absorption of paper

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 7249-7262
Author(s):  
Konrad Olejnik ◽  
Anna Stanisławska ◽  
Jean-Francis Bloch
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Uniaxial Stress ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Paper Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
Regression Curve ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Linear Regression Curve

The overall usefulness of the bursting energy absorption (BEA) was studied for a better analysis of paper strength properties. Additionally, the changes of the BEA during more complex deformations of paper products, e.g., preliminary or simultaneous tensile and burst, were determined. For the purpose of the research, an experimental setup was designed. The results showed that the correlation between BEA and bursting strength was linear, but the proportionality strongly depended on paper grade. Thus, a more accurate method to characterize the bursting resistance (BR) of paper was proposed. The BR parameter is described by the three following parameters: average bursting strength, average bursting energy absorption, and the slope of the fitted linear regression curve (relationship between the bursting energy absorption and the bursting strength). This method revealed new mechanical behaviors of papers related to their preloading.

Dynamic-head space GC-MS analysis of volatile odorous compounds generated from unbleached and bleached pulps and effects on strength properties during ageing

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhar Alam ◽  
Swati Sood ◽  
Chhaya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Bleached Pulp ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Odorous Compounds ◽  
Unbleached Pulp

Abstract Mixed hardwood unbleached (UB) and final bleached (FB) pulp along with the pulp of intermediate bleaching stages from an integrated paper mill have been undertaken for this study. Headspace GC-MS analysis of these pulps was made to identify the odorous compounds which are volatile organic compounds (VOCs), generated during ageing for 60 days. The result showed that a number of pre-generated VOCs such as aliphatic hydrocarbons and aldehydes are observed in the pulp sample which might be came from the process and it has been observed that upon ageing at ambient conditions, some acid functionalized VOC were generated in the pulp. The generation of these VOCs were established by ATR-FTIR analysis and the results showed that intensity of peak absorbance near 3340  cm − 1 {\text{cm}^{-1}} and 1641  cm − 1 {\text{cm}^{-1}} which represents the –OH stretching of acidic functional group and C=O stretch of aldehyde and acidic functional groups increased after ageing. Generation of acid functionalized volatile compounds were observed more in bleached pulp than in unbleached pulp. Degree of polymerization (DP) is pretty much related to the strength of paper. DP of both unbleached and bleached pulp gets reduced upon ageing while more reduction were observed in bleached pulp. Bleached pulps are more prone to degrade as compared to the unbleached pulp in terms of strength properties such as tensile index, breaking length, burst and double fold were observed. 12.3 % and 21.8 % reduction in tensile index was observed for UB and final bleached FB pulp respectively. Burst index of UB and FB pulp were found reduced to 23.8 % and 41.9 % respectively due to ageing. Reduction in the mechanical and optical properties was also observed in intermediate bleaching stages. There is much evidence for the contribution of VOCs to the degradation of paper. The results are strongly suggested that acid functionalized volatile compounds can have strong effects on degradation of cellulosic paper.

Optimization of chemical and enzymatic deinking of photocopier waste paper

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Pathak ◽  
Nishi K. Bhardwaj ◽  
Ajay K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Cellulase Enzyme ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Drainage Time ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Better Than

The utilization of post-consumer papers in the production of new paper products is increasing all over the world in recent years. Recycling of photocopier paper is a major problem due to difficulty in removal of non-impact ink. Enzymes offer potential advantages in ecofriendly deinking of recovered paper. In this study the deinking of photocopier paper was examined using chemicals and a commercial cellulase enzyme. Parameters of deinking experiments were optimized for hydrapulping. The ink was removed by flotation and washing processes. Then these parameters were compared in terms of ink removal ability of the process, as well as optical and strength properties of the deinked paper. The application of enzymatic deinking improved ink removal efficiency by 24.6% and freeness by 21.6% with a reduction in drainage time of 11.5% in comparison to those obtained with chemical deinking. The physical properties, namely burst index and tensile index, were observed to improve by 15.3% and 2.7%, respectively and brightness and tear index decreased by 2.1% and 21.9%, respectively. Results of deinking efficiency of photocopier paper showed that the enzyme used in the present work performed better than the conventional chemicals used for deinking.

The Impact of Drying Methods on Paper Physical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 2267-2272
Author(s):  
Shu Lei Zhao ◽  
Zheng Yuan Wei ◽  
Xiao Tian Ding ◽  
Qiang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Mechanical Pulp ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Chemical Pulp ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tearing Resistance

This paper experimentally examined the impact of four different drying methods (free drying, press drying, vacuum drying and impingement drying) on paper physical properties including roughness, elongation, air permeance, tearing resistance, tensile index and bursting strength. The handsheets materials are HWBKP (Hardwood Bleached Chemical Pulp), SWBKP (Softwood Bleached Chemical Pulp), CTMP (Chemical Thermo mechanical Pulp) and ATMP (Advanced Thermo Mechanical Pulp). Good experimental data were obtained for the four pulps under different drying conditions. The results of our investigation indicate that press drying have lower surface roughness, elongation and air permeance but higher tearing resistance; the vacuum drying have higher roughness, tensile index and bursting strength; the impingement drying have lower tearing resistance, tensile index and bursting strength but higher elongation and air permeance. Selection of different drying conditions for effective productivity and quality improvement potential is proposed as a direction for the future dryer design.

scholarly journals Strong paper from spruce CTMP – Part II: Effect of pressing at nip press temperatures above the lignin softening temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Norgren ◽  
Gunilla Pettersson ◽  
Hans Höglund
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Cationic Starch ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Very High

Abstract The main objective of the current study was to demonstrate that it is possible to enhance strength properties of sheets from spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP furnishes up to the same level as is common on sheets from softwood kraft pulps by changing conditions in papermaking. To achieve that, sheets of spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP were consolidated at densities close to that of the reference bleach kraft pulp by pressing at press nip temperatures well above the tack and softening temperatures of lignin. On sheets from spruce CTMP (CSF 420 ml), where the fibers were surface treated with cationic starch, it was possible to reach tensile index at the same level as on sheets from the untreated reference kraft pulp. The compression strength (SCT) of CTMP and HT-CTMP sheets, which were achieved at the highest press nip temperature (200 °C) in the study, was equal to or higher than that of the reference kraft pulp sheets. The results show that there is a great yet unexploited potential in papermaking from spruce HT-CTMP and CTMP furnishes, which could be utilized in manufacturing of products where very high requirements upon strength is demanded.

scholarly journals The Influences of Loop Length and Raw Material on Bursting Strength Air Permeability and Physical Characteristics of Single Jersey Knitted Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501701200
Author(s):  
Züleyha Değirmenci ◽  
Ebru Çoruh
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Air Permeability ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Loop Length ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Loop Shape ◽  
Single Jersey

This paper reports the effect of loop length and raw material on the air permeability and the bursting strength of plain knitted fabrics. In this study, a series of plain knitted fabrics were produced on a circular knitting machine with cotton, polyester, acrylic and viscose by Ne 30/1 yarns. Each fabric type was produced with four different stitch lengths. All the fabrics were knitted at the same machine setting in order to determine the effect of their structure on the fabric properties. Their geometrical and physical properties were experimentally investigated. The influences of the loop length and the raw material on the number of the courses per cm, number of the wales per cm, loop shape factor, thickness, fabric unit weight, tightness factor, air permeability and bursting strength are analyzed. Statistical analysis indicates that raw material and loop length significantly parameters affect the air permeability and the bursting strength properties of the fabrics.

scholarly journals Influence of Drying Temperature on Tensile and Bursting Strength of Bacterial Cellulose Biofilm

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321
Author(s):  
Florentina SEDERAVIČIŪTĖ ◽  
Jurgita DOMSKIENĖ ◽  
Ilze BALTINA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Bursting Strength ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Material Preparation

The article presents an experimental study of mechanical properties of cellulose biofilm produced by bacterial fermentation process. Naturally derived biomaterial has great current and potential applications therefore the conditions of material preparation as well as control and prediction of mechanical properties is still a relevant issue. Bacterial cellulose was obtained as a secondary product from Kombucha drink. Presented technique for material preparation and drying is particularly simple and easy to access. The influence of drying temperature (25 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C) on the sample size (thickness and planar dimensions) and mechanical properties (tensile and bursting strength) of cellulose biofilm has been evaluated. It was estimated that during drying biofilm specimens lost up to 92 % of weight and up to 87 % of thickness therefore planar specimen dimensions varied insignificantly. The study showed that the drying temperature is important for optimum strength properties of bacterial cellulose biofilm. The maximum tensile strength (27.91 MPa) was recorded for the samples dried at temperature of 25 °C, when the moisture from the biomaterial is removed gradually and good deformation properties are ensured (respectively tensile extension 18.8 %). Under higher drying temperature biomaterial shows lower values of tensile strength and higher values of bursting strength. The maximum bursting strength (57.2 MPa) was recorded for samples dried at 75 °C when punch displacement changes were insignificant for all tested samples (from 17.8 mm to 21.7 mm). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.25.3.20764

scholarly journals Fracture toughness of concrete with basalt fiber

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 01008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kosior-Kazberuk ◽  
Julita Krassowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Critical Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Crack Tip Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Crack Tip Opening

The analysis of fracture mechanics parameters of concrete with new types of fibers is essential for the dissemination of their application and development of new methods of structural design.Fracture mechanics parameters are widely used to analyze the material behaviour and also in the design process of selected structures. The paper reports the results of an experimental programme focused on the effect of non-metallic (basalt) fibers on the fracture properties of concrete investigated in Mode I conditions. The changes in concrete properties were analysed on the basis of the critical stress intensity factor KIc, the critical value of crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) and the fracture energy GF. The addition of the basalt fibers had a slight effect on the strength properties of concrete but, at the same time, it had a significant influence on the fracture parameters by the modification of pre-cracking and particularly post-cracking behaviour of the concrete. Results of measuring the toughness and energy-absorption characteristics showed that the specimens reinforced with basalt fibers acquired a great ductile behaviour and energy absorption capacity, compared to ordinary concrete specimens.

Synthetic Technology and Performance of a Novel Fatty Alcohol Polyoxyethylene Carboxylate Surfactants

2011 ◽  
Vol 298 ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Lei ◽  
Guo Zheng ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Yong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Succinic Anhydride ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance

In this paper, with fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene (AEO9), succinic anhydride (SA) and sodium hydroxide as raw materials, a new type of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene carboxylate surfactants (SAE9C-Na) was obtained by esterification and neutralizing effect. The influencing factors were researched and its surface properties were studied. The optimum condition of synthesis was determined: molar ratio of alcohol to acid was 1:1.1, reaction temperature was 85°C, reaction time was 60 min, under this condition, the yield could reach up to 95.8%. The results received from this experiment showed that SAE9C-Na had excellent surface activity and foaming and foam stability, whose emulsification and solubility enhancement were improved greatly.

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