scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF N-ACETYLCYSTEINE AND DEXAMETHASONE PARENTERAL ADMINISTRATION ON THE BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN THE AQUEOUS HUMOR OF THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER OF THE EYES IN RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOGENIC UVEITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-525
Author(s):  
V. G. Marmysh ◽  
◽  
I. A. Kurstak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
The Impact

Objective. To evaluate the impact and compare the efficiency of parenteral administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dexamethasone when used as monotherapy or combination therapy in the treatment of experimental immunogenic uveitis (EIU) in rabbits, as well as to explore the changes of biochemical parameters in the aqueous humor of the eyes in experimental animals. Material and Methods. An experimental study was performed on 45 rabbits (90 eyes). Of these 5 healthy intact rabbits (10 eyes) served as a control group. Acute immunogenic uveitis was caused in 40 rabbits by injecting normal horse serum subcutaneously (5 ml) and then intravitreally (0.07 ml). The animals with experimental uveitis were divided into 8 groups (5 animals each). The first 4 groups – control-1, experiment-1, control-3, experiment-3 – received daily intramuscular injections of placebo, NAC, dexamethasone or a combination of NAC and dexamethasone respectively for 3 days, and thereafter they were withdrawn from the experiment. The remaining 4 groups – control-2, experiment-2, control-4, experiment-4 received, respectively, daily intramuscular injections of placebo, NAC, dexamethasone, a combination of NAC and dexamethasone for 7 days, and after that they were also withdrawn from the experiment. The drugs in the aforementioned groups were used from the moment of the horse serum intravitreal injection. When withdrawing animals from the experiment, aqueous humor was taken from the anterior chamber of their eyes, followed by the evaluation of protein (albumin) concentration and the number of leukocytes. Results. A significant elevation of albumin and the number of leukocytes in the aqueous humor of the eyes in the rabbits with experimental immunogenic uveitis was noted. NAC effectively reduced the level of albumin and the number of leukocytes in the aqueous humor. Dexamethasone showed more efficacy in reducing the investigated aqueous humor biochemichal parameters than NAC. Nevertheless, a synergism of the pharmacological action of NAC and dexamethasone was detected, since their combination had the greatest potency in reduction of albumin level and the number of leukocytes in the aqueous humor of the eyes in the rabbits with experimental immunogenic uveitis, even though the dosage of dexamethasone in the groups with combined (NAC and dexamethasone) therapy was reduced by 50% (1 mg / kg body weight). Conclusion. Parenteral administration of NAC significantly reduces inflammation in EIU. Combination of NAC and dexamethasone showed synergy of action in reducing the intensity of inflammatory process in rabbits with EIU, which is an objective rationale for including NAC in the complex therapy of uveitis, which in turn will reduce a single or course dose of dexamethasone and lower the risks of side effects caused by glucocorticoids.

scholarly journals Altered Expression Levels of MMP1, MMP9, MMP12, TIMP1, and IL-1βas a Risk Factor for the Elevated IOP and Optic Nerve Head Damage in the Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Markiewicz ◽  
Dariusz Pytel ◽  
Bartosz Mucha ◽  
Katarzyna Szymanek ◽  
Jerzy Szaflik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of presented work was to analyze the impact of particular polymorphic changes in the promoter regions of the -1607 1G/2GMMP1, -1562 C/TMMP9, -82 A/GMMP12, -511 C/TIL-1β, and 372 T/CTIMP1genes on their expression level in POAG patients. Blood and aqueous humor samples acquired from 50 patients with POAG and 50 control subjects were used for QPCR and protein levels analysis by ELISA.In vivopromoter activity assays were carried on HTM cells using dual luciferase assay. All studied subjects underwent ophthalmic examination, including BCVA, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, gonioscopy, HRT, and OCT scans. Patients with POAG are characterized by an increased mRNA expression ofMMP1,MMP9,MMP12, andIL-1βgenes as compared to the control group (P<0.001). Aqueous humor acquired from patients with POAG displayed increased protein expression of MMP1, MMP9, MMP12, and IL-1βcompared to the control group (P<0.001). Allele -1607 1G ofMMP1gene possesses only 42,91% of the -1607 2G allele transcriptional activity and allele -1562 C ofMMP9gene possesses only 21,86% of the -1562 T allele. Increased expression levels of metalloproteinases can be considered as a risk factor for the development of POAG.

scholarly journals Evaluation of aqueous humor and serum clusterin levels in patients with glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuat Yavrum ◽  
Ufuk Elgin ◽  
Zeynep Adiyaman Kocer ◽  
Vildan Fidanci ◽  
Emine Sen
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
New Finding ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background To compare the aqueous humor (AH) and the serum clusterin levels of patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) with each other and with an age- and sex-matched control group. Methods This prospective, cross-sectionalstudy evaluated 92 eyes from 92 adult cases of uncomplicated phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The cases were divided into PEX, PEXG, POAG, and control groups. Serum samples were taken from the antecubital vein just before the surgery, and the AH samples were aspirated at the beginning of the surgery. Kruskal-Wallis H, One-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U with Bonferroni correction and Chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results The serum clusterin levels were the highest in the PEXG group, but no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (p=0.633). The mean AH clusterin levels were 286.79±29.64 μg/mL in the PEXG group, 263.92±31.70 μg/mL in the PEX group, 272.59±49.71 μg/mL in the POAG group, and 193.50±62.38 μg/mL in the control group (p< 0.001). This came out to be 1.48 times increase for the PEXG group, 1.36 for the PEX group, and 1.41 for the POAG group when compared with the control subjects. Conclusions A higher level of clusterin in the anterior chamber was found to be associated with PEX and PEXG. In addition, a high level of anterior chamber clusterin in POAG, which is a new finding, showed that this molecule might be important not only in pseudoexfoliation, but also other types of glaucoma like POAG.

scholarly journals Вплив клозаверму А та катозалу на показники протеїнсинтезувальної функції печінки корів за експериментального фасціольозу, сенсибілізованих атиповими мікобактеріями

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (73) ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
O. Kulyaba ◽  
V. Stybel ◽  
B. Gutyj
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Physiological Values ◽  
The Impact

The article contains the results of research the impact of Fasciolosis and mycobacteriosis,the indicators of protein synthesizing function of cows liver. Fasciola and mycobacteria inhibit protein synthesizing function of liver, as indicated by the reduction in their blood level of total protein and albumin fraction. The data indicate hepatotropic of the toxin F. Hepatica and mycobacteria, because namely liver serves as a support of dynamic substances equilibrium of blood plasma. Increasing the level of globulin in the blood serum of cows by association of fasciolosis and mycobacteriosis reflects the intensity of inflammatory processes in animal organism caused by infection of these diseases.Application of closaverm A and catosal to research cows promotes restoration protein synthesizing function of liver. It was found that after application to cows from the first research group for the treatment of closaverm A by 14 and 21 days of level of total protein in the blood serum was gradually increased, but did not reach physiological values. Applying both closaverm A and catosal, was set a slightly higher level of total protein, that at the 28th day of the experiment reached physiological values and therefore amounted to 70.30 ± 1.5 g/l. For the study the level of albumin in the blood of research group, which were used drugs combined, was set its increase already from 7 day of experiment. Significant increase of albumin level in the blood of experimental animals is seeing on the 14th day of the experiment, where appropriate it was within 41.90 ± 1.5 g/l. On the 28th day of the experiment the levels of globulin in the blood of experimental group of animals, which were used closaverm A and catosal, was lower by 11% compared to the control group of animals in specified period of the experiment.Cows treated with closaverm A, value of the coefficient A/T was gradually returned to normal. However, at the 28th day of the experiment has remained at 16% less than the initial values, taken before infestation. Application of closaverm A and catosal to experimental animals contributed to increasing the coefficient of A/T. So at 21st and 28th days of the experiment it was higher than in the control group of cows at 60 and 46%.

scholarly journals Effect of zinc on milkfish nastar-cookies to albumin and hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Nurul Hindaryani ◽  
Muchlis Achsan Udji Sofro ◽  
Tri Winarni Agustini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) destroys the antibody system, which causes faster protein breakdown resulting in lower albumin concentration. Zinc supplementation when added to protein in milkfish flour may increase albumin and zinc levels that associated with activity of the aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) that synthesizes heme. Objectives: This study aimed to prove the effect of zinc and milkfish flour addition on albumin and hemoglobin levels in HIV/AIDS patients.Methods: An experimental study with randomized pre and post-test with the control group design using control subjects (n=17) and treatment (n=21). The administration of milkfish nastar with zinc to treatment group was 100 g/day for 60 days, while the control group was given milkfish nastar without zinc 100 g/day for 60 days. The measurement of albumin level used auto photometric with enzymatic color test methods and reticulated method for hemoglobin level measurement conducted before and after treatments. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, paired t-test, and independent t-test with a significance value at p<0.05. Results: The means of albumin level in the treatment group increased by 7.03%, while the control group increased by 4.33% (p>0.05). Means of hemoglobin level in the treatment group increased by 12.0%, while the control group increased by 7.9% (p<0.05). Conclusion: Albumin and hemoglobin levels increased after milkfish nastar administration with zinc addition in HIV/AIDS patients.

scholarly journals Application of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction for virus in Posner-Schlossman syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuya Tao ◽  
Qin Jiang ◽  
Li Tang ◽  
Xiyan Ding ◽  
Xiumiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background To study the effectiveness and safety of aqueous humor PCR viral detection in the diagnosis of PSS. Methods 20 patients (case group) with PSS who suffered from recurrences and poor intraocular pressure (IOP) control by use of drugs underwent anterior chamber puncture. The concentration of different viruses in aqueous humor were detected by PCR. 20 patients (control group) with POAG were given the same treatment and we compared the difference of positive rate of the viruses between two groups. Finally, the effectiveness and safety of aqueous humor PCR viral detection in the diagnosis of PSS were observed. Besides, the advantage of PCR viral detection technology in treatment was evaluated. Results No complications and long-term sequelae related to anterior chamber puncture were found. The total positive rate of aqueous humor viral detection was 30% (6/20) in case group ,and was found none in control group (0/20) (P = 0.027). Then, we divided the case group into two groups. Six virus positive patients were given local and systemic antiviral treatment for 3 months and then interrupted the treatment. Fourteen patients left were given no antiviral treatment. All PSS patients were observed for 9 months from the first time of treatment. There is significant difference between two groups in recurrence rate (P = 0.013). Conclusions Viral infection is a risk factor of PSS. The detection of virus in aqueous humor by PCR is effective and safe for diagnosis of PSS, and helpful for targeted treatment on virus-positive patients.

scholarly journals The Role of Biologically Active Aqueous Humor Molecules of the Anterior Chamber and Lacrimal Fluid in the Implementation of the Hypotensive Effect of Non-Penetrating Deep Sclerectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
N. V. Volkova ◽  
Ju. V. Malysheva ◽  
T. N. Iureva ◽  
S. I. Kolesnikov
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Hypotensive Effect ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Deep Sclerectomy ◽  
Lacrimal Fluid ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow

To date, the factors affecting the course of the reparative process after non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) have not been fully determined. There is no systematic information about the regulatory role of the cytokines TGF-β, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-9, VEGF A 121 and 165 in the formation mechanisms of the newly created pathways consistency of intraocular aqueous humor outflow.Purpose. To determine possible ways of impact of biologically active aqueous humor molecules of the anterior chamber and lacrimal fluid on the hypotensive effect of non-penetrating deep sclerectomy.Methods. A prospective study of 65 patients with open-angle glaucoma before and 12 months after NPDS and 22 patients without eye hydrodynamic disorders with the determination of the initial concentrations of biologically active molecules in the lacrimal fluid and aqueous humor of the anterior chamber. Twelve months after NPDS all patients were divided into three groups, depending on the hypotensive effect of the operation, according to the criteria.Results. Multivariate discriminant analysis showed the greatest inter-group differences, calculated by the square of the Mahalanobis distance, between group 3 with no hypotensive effect of NPDS and the control group (R2 = 8.48, p = 0.001). The most informative features that determine the differences between the 4 groups in the total population, calculated according to the Fischer F-test, were MMP-9 (F = 14.7, p = 0.001) and TGF-β (F = 7.08, p = 0.001) in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber. In pairwise comparison of groups 1 and 2, the maximum level of significance according to the F-criterion was characteristic of the level of tear IL-6 (F = 21.25, p = 0.001), with approximately equal degree – IL-8 (F = 7.85, p = 0.001) and VEGF (F = 7.12, p = 0.001), to a lesser extent TGF of aqueous humor (F = 4.43, p = 0.001) and MMR-9 (F = 2.23, p = 0.001). Between groups 1–3, the maximum differences according to the Fisher criterion were observed in the IL-8 (F = 20.99, p = 0.001), TGF (F = 8.75, p = 0.001) and to a lesser extent – TGF (F = 5.83, p = 0.001).Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data showed the decisive role of the imbalance of proinflammatory cytokines, signaling proteins with prolymphoangiogenic activity, and MMP-9 in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber, as well as in the initial state of the lacrimal fluid in the postoperative healing processes after NPDS. 

scholarly journals Anterior Chamber Flare as an Objective and Quantitative Noninvasive Method for Oculopathy in Transthyretin V30M Amyloidosis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
João Beirão ◽  
Vasco Miranda ◽  
Beatriz Pinheiro-Torres ◽  
João Coelho ◽  
Maria-João Menéres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Noninvasive Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fellow Eye ◽  
Anterior Chamber Flare

Purpose. Assess the aqueous humor flare in transthyretin V30M amyloidosis patients (ATTRV30M). Materials and Methods. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional, noninterventional comparative study including 28 ATTRV30M patients with a unilateral scalloped iris. For comparative analysis, the fellow eye, the nonscalloped iris eye, from each patient was used as control. All patients underwent aqueous humor flare meter and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Results. Mean aqueous humor flare was significantly higher in the eyes with the scalloped iris than the control group with the nonscalloped iris (14.1 ± 2.2 versus 6.5 ± 0.9 pc/ms, respectively). No significant differences in IOP were found in the scalloped iris eyes than those in the nonscalloped iris control group (17.1 ± 0.8 versus 16.8 ± 0.7 mmHg, respectively). No significant correlation was not found between the flare and the IOP value within groups. Conclusions. In this study, aqueous humor flare values in the scalloped iris eyes may be a valid marker for controlling the stage of the oculopathy in ATTRV30M patients.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

Impact of an educative program on dialysis patients’ knowledge and mental health: controlled before and after program

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 20204
Author(s):  
Laetitia Idier ◽  
Aurélie Untas ◽  
Nicole Rascle ◽  
Michèle Koleck ◽  
Maider Aguirrezabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Vascular Access ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Emotional Change ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction:Psychological impact of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) for dialysis patients is rarely evaluated since the focus of many studies is on medical variables (i.e., adherence).Objectives:The aims of this study were: 1) to estimate the impact of a TPE program on knowledge, depression and anxiety, 2) to examine change in knowledge as a mediator of the effects of a TPE program on mental health.Method:This study was conducted in three hemodialysis units and comprised two groups: an experimental group with education and a control group with routine care. The program was based of 5 educative sessions. Knowledge, depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed with self-reported outcomes measured before and 3 months after the program.Results:The sample comprised 125 patients. Knowledge about vascular access and nutrition (p < 0.01) and depressive symptoms increased in the experimental group (p < 0.01). Analysis of mediation showed that changes in knowledge about vascular access were a significant mediator of the effects of the program on depressive symptoms (F = 4.90;p = 0.01).Discussion:Knowledge acquired during an educational program could lead to an emotional change. Improving knowledge often leads to an awareness of the risks that can modify the psychological state of patients by reminding them of their vulnerability. This study shows that it is required to be attentive to the way of transmitting knowledge. It’s necessary adapting this transmission to the needs of patients and promoting the acquisition of psychosocial competence too.Conclusion:This study shows that knowledge acquired during an educational program can lead to an emotional change in the short term. A long-term follow-up of the population should be interesting to observe these emotional effects.

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