scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CECUM AND VERMIFORM APPENDIX IN RATS AND HUMANS: COMPARATIVE ASPECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Bibliographic Analysis ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Human Pathology

Background. In recent years, there have emerged new directions in the study of the histological structure of the digestive tract in humans and mammals and, in particular, white rats, since non-inbred white rats are the main model for reproducing human pathology under experimental conditions as well as for preclinical testing of new drugs. Objective. A comparative study of the histological features of the cecum and appendix in rats and humans by means of bibliographic analysis. Material and methods. Bibliographic analysis is based on published peer-reviewed articles, books, textbooks, monographs, dissertation abstracts. For the purposes of a systematic review, the literature search (concerning the study of the histological structure of the cecum and appendix) was carried out on the Internet, in native literature sources, the scientific and electronic library of Poltava State Medical University using the following keywords: “histology”, “microscopic structure”, "digestive system", "cecum", "appendix", "white rats", "rat anatomy". Results. The mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract of white rats, in terms of its histological structure, is similar enough to that of humans to serve as an object in the experimental modeling of certain pathological conditions of the digestive system. Conclusions. There has been found an increased concentration of lymphoid nodules in cecal mucosa of white rats. In white rats and humans, the cecum and the appendix in humans are endowed with the same immune defense structures, which together represent the immune system of the digestive tract mucosa.

scholarly journals Morphohistology of the Digestive Tract of the Damsel FishStegastes fuscus(Osteichthyes: Pomacentridae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskara Canan ◽  
Wallace Silva do Nascimento ◽  
Naisandra Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Sathyabama Chellappa
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Transition Region ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Pyloric Caeca ◽  
Anterior Intestine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tidal Pools

This study investigated the morphohistology of the digestive tract and the mean intestinal coefficient of the damsel fishStegastes fuscuscaptured from the tidal pools of Northeastern Brazil. The wall of the digestive tract ofS. fuscusis composed of the tunica mucosa, tunica muscularis, and tunica serosa. The esophagus is short with sphincter and thick distensible wall with longitudinally folded mucosa. Mucous glands are predominant, and the muscular layer of the esophagus presented striated fibers all along its extension. The transition region close to the stomach shows plain and striated muscular fibers. Between the stomach and intestine, there are three pyloric caeca. The intestine is long and thin with four folds around the stomach. The anterior intestine presents folds similar to those of pyloric caeca. The estimated mean intestinal coefficient and characteristics of the digestive system ofS. fuscuspresent morphological adequacy for both herbivorous and omnivorous feeding habits.

The enteric nervous system of echinoderms: unexpected complexity revealed by neurochemical analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-873
Author(s):  
J.E. Garcia-Arraras ◽  
M. Rojas-Soto ◽  
L.B. Jimenez ◽  
L. Diaz-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Distinct Component ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Neurochemical Analysis

Echinoderms are one of the most important groups of metazoans from the point of view of evolution, ecology and abundance. Nevertheless, their nervous system has been little studied. Particularly unexplored have been the components of the nervous system that lie outside the ectoneural and hyponeural divisions of the main nerve ring and radial nerve cords. We have gathered information on the nervous components of the digestive tract of echinoderms and demonstrate an unexpected level of complexity in terms of neurons, nerve plexi, their location and neurochemistry. The nervous elements within the digestive system consist of a distinct component of the echinoderm nervous system, termed the enteric nervous system. However, the association between the enteric nervous system and the ectoneural and hyponeural components of the nervous system is not well established. Our findings also emphasize the importance of the large lacunae in the neurobiology of echinoderms, a feature that should be addressed in future studies.

scholarly journals ABO histo-blood groups and Rh systems in relation to malignant tumors of the digestive tract in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Jovanovic-Cupic ◽  
Gorana Stamenkovic ◽  
Jelena Blagojevic ◽  
N. Vanis ◽  
B. Stanojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Rhesus Factor ◽  
Clinical Center ◽  
Group B

The distribution of ABO blood groups and the Rhesus factor was analyzed in 279 patients who suffered from malignant tumors of the digestive system. Patients were registered retrospectively in the Gastroenterohepatology Clinic, Clinical Center, University of Sarajevo over a discontinuous period of 88 months. From the results obtained, it was concluded that: (a) men became ill from gastric cancer significantly more frequently than women; (b) the frequency of liver carcinoma was three times higher than the global frequency and the frequency neighboring ethnic groups; and (c) patients with blood group B and patients with RhD(-) exhibited a significantly higher proportion of disease.

scholarly journals Association of the Insulinemic Potential of Diet and Lifestyle With Risk of Digestive System Cancers in Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weike Wang ◽  
Teresa T Fung ◽  
Molin Wang ◽  
Stephanie A Smith-Warner ◽  
Edward L Giovannucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Dietary Index ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Incident Cancer ◽  
Men Health ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background We examined the role of the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle in the development of cancers of the digestive system, using two plasma C-peptide-based indices: the empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) and empirical lifestyle index for hyperinsulinemia (ELIH). Methods We used Cox regression to analyze data on 45 816 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986–2012) and 74 191 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1984–2012) to examine associations between EDIH and ELIH scores and digestive system cancers. We computed the diet-only score (EDIH) from food-frequency questionnaires administered every 4 years. The lifestyle score (ELIH) included diet, body mass index, and physical activity. Outcomes included incident cancer of the digestive system (mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colorectum) and its accessory organs (pancreas, gallbladder, and liver). P values were two-sided. Results We found direct associations between higher insulinemic potential of diet or lifestyle and risk of developing digestive system cancers in both men and women. The pooled multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) for participants comparing the highest to lowest EDIH quintile were: HR = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.15 to 1.40, Ptrend < .001 for digestive system cancers; HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.45, Ptrend < .001 for digestive tract cancers (excluding accessory organs); and HR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.41, Ptrend = .48 for digestive accessory organ cancers. The same associations were stronger with the lifestyle score: HR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.23 to 1.76, Ptrend < .001 for digestive system cancers; HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.14 to 1.95, Ptrend = .001 for digestive tract cancers; and HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.73, Ptrend < .001 for digestive accessory organ cancers. Conclusions The findings suggest that interventions to reduce the insulinemic potential of diet and lifestyle may be a means of preventing digestive system cancer.

scholarly journals The histological features of striped muscle in relation to its functional activity

1929 ◽  
Vol 104 (731) ◽  
pp. 371-411 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Activity ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Histological Features ◽  
Striped Muscle ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Striation ◽  
Red Muscle

Analysis of the reflex behaviour of striped muscles involves data drawn from their histological structure, and the present observations deal with the differences in microscopical and macroscopical structure of muscles of different contractile properties. Stefano Lorenzini (55) mentioned the striking difference in colour between certain muscles of the limb in the rabbit as long ago as 1678. The classic investigations of Ranvier (63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68), however, revealed most of the present knowledge of red and pale muscle. He showed that this redness was associated with slowness of contraction, and with the genesis of tetanus at lower rates of stimulus. Moreover, these functional differences were shown to be associated with a difference in histological structure, a relatively larger amount of granular sarcoplasm and more distinct longitudinal striation in the case of red muscle. Later studies (1, 57, 43, 72, 49) revealed the occurrence of these granular and longitudinally striated fibres in muscles in many species, and also that these fibres were not always associated with redness of pigmentation (57). The histology of muscle in the higher mammalian forms has shown that both granular “sarcoplasmic” and clear “aplasmic” fibres occur side by side in the same muscle, and these two types of fibre have been homologised with the red pale muscles of the rabbit (29, 30, 43, 73, 42).

ADJUSTMENTS TO CONSTANT LOW TEMPERATURES IN WHITE RATS LIVING IN GROUPS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Héroux
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cold Stimulus ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Fundamental Mechanism

White rats, in groups of 10, were exposed for 3 months in the laboratory to constant temperatures of 19 °C or −10 °C. Grouping the animals did not alter the pattern of metabolic adaptation usually observed in individually cold-acclimated rats and recently observed in group-caged white rats exposed outdoors during the winter. This pattern of adaptation is characterized by an increased capacity for heat production, as shown by a longer survival time at −35 °C, a reduction of shivering, an increased sensitivity to noradrenaline, an increased ear vascularization, a reduction in protein and fat deposition, and an enlargement of heart, liver, and kidneys. Group-caging at constant low temperature (a) prevented the development of cold injuries and the enlargement of pituitary, thyroid, adrenals, which are usually observed in individually cold-exposed rats indoors, (b) resulted in an increased resting metabolism, normal adrenal cortex activity, and no increase in pelt insulation in contrast to that previously found in white rats grouped outdoors during the winter. These different adjustments to cold in white rats exposed to different sets of environmental conditions are compared with similar adjustments found in wild Norway rats.From these comparisons, one must conclude that many of the structural and endocrine adjustments observed in individually cold-acclimated rats in the laboratory are reactions peculiar to continuous cold stimulus, i.e. reactions to a specific set of experimental conditions rather than essential components of the fundamental mechanism for non-shivering thermogenesis.

Probiotics conventional benefits and cautions in intake- A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Priya Sugandhi
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Studies

Probiotics are friendly bacteria benefit the health which occur naturally in the digestive tract of human beings. Prebiotics, act as ‘food’ for these beneficial probiotic bacteria, promoting their activity. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are widely used probiotics which generally regarded as safe. They are adhesive to mucosal and epithelial surfaces and enhance immunity by preventing pathogen adhesion in the digestive system. Although infections with probiotics are very rare, few research studies have been reported in children and also in elderly suffering from diseases due to supplementation of few types of species which may be due to immunodeficiency and immunosuppression. The familiarity of probiotics is still uncertain in many and they doubt whether to consume or not. This review provides the information based on research studies and gives clarity on the intake of probiotics. However, caution need to be exercised in the selection of genus and strains of particular probiotics genera.

XXII.—The Structure and Function of the Alimentary Canal of some Tectibranch Molluscs, with a Note on Excretion

1939 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Fretter
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Rare Occurrence ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
And Function ◽  
Recent Account

Owing to the comparatively rare occurrence of most tectibranchs it is perhaps not surprising to find that, in spite of the ever-increasing knowledge of the histological structure and functioning of the alimentary canal of molluscs, little attention has been paid in this respect to these forms. The structure of the radula and gizzard has previously aroused interest, but so far as the rest of the alimentary canal is concerned most workers have been content with a somewhat superficial description of the gross morphology such as was given by Vayssière (1880), Bouvier (1893), Pelseneer (1893, 1894), and Guiart (1901). A more recent account of the digestive tract of Philine aperta has been given by Brown (1934), but this includes no histological or physiological consideration.

scholarly journals Potential Targets and Clinical Value of MiR-224-5p in Cancers of the Digestive Tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 682-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Lan-shan Huang ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Zhen-bo Feng
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Kegg Pathway ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Go Annotation ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Target Mrnas

Background/Aims: MicroRNAs participate in various biological processes in malignant tumors. However, the mechanisms of miR-224-5p in digestive system cancers are not fully understood. A comprehensive investigation of the clinical value and potential targets of miR-224-5p in cancers of the digestive tract is necessary. Methods: Expression profiling data and related-prognostic data of miR-224-5p were acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus, The Cancer Genome Atlas, ArrayExpress, and published literature. The potential target mRNAs of miR-224-5p were predicted using bioinformatics methods and finally annotated using Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Results: MiR-224-5p is up-regulated in digestive system cancers (SMD=0.69, 95% CI: 0.43-0.96, P<0.0001) and exhibits a moderate diagnostic ability (AUC=0.84, 95% CI: 0.80-0.87). Our data also demonstrated that miR-224-5p is statistically significantly correlated with overall survival univariate analysis (HR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.15-2.49, P=0.007) and multivariate analysis (HR=2.39, 95% CI: 1.74-3.30, P<0.0001). In total, 388 potential miR-224-5p target mRNAs were predicted by bioinformatics methods. GO annotation analysis revealed that the top terms of miR-224-5p in biological process, cellular component and molecular function were system development, neuron part, and transcriptional activator activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding, respectively. Moreover, eight pathways were identified in KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Conclusions: MiR-224-5p is up-regulated and has the potential to become a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in digestive system cancers. MiR-224-5p might play vital roles in cancers of the digestive tract but the exact molecular mechanisms need further study and verification.

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