Optimization of onion production technology under annual growing in Non-Chernozem zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
И.И. Ирков ◽  
М.Г. Ибрагимбеков ◽  
А.Н. Заплаткин ◽  
Р.А. Багров
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Bacillus Mucilaginosus ◽  
Annual Crop ◽  
Associative Bacteria ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

Сегодня лук-репка занимает в стране третье место по площади возделывания среди овощных культур при средней урожайности в 2019 году 27,8 т/га. Потенциал современных сортов и гибридов составляет 100 – 120 т/га. В условиях Нечерноземья проблема поражения лука пероноспорозом наиболее злободневна. Цель исследований – оптимизация элементов технологии производства лука-репки в однолетней культуре (предпосевная обработка семян смесью ризосферных ассоциативных бактерий, нормы и сроки внесения бактерий совместно с минеральными удобрениями, нормы и сроки внесения фунгицидов), обеспечивающих урожайность 70–80 т/га на аллювиальных луговых почвах Нечерноземной зоны. Полевые опыты были проведены на опытном поле ВНИИО согласно стандартных методик. Почва участка аллювиальная луговая среднесуглинистая. Содержание гумуса в слое 0-20 см составляет 3,0–3,2%, pН солевой вытяжки колеблется в значительных пределах 5,0-6,5. Содержание суммы поглощенных оснований 45,0 мг-экв. на 100 г почвы. Содержание Р2О5 – 22,0 мг на 100 г почвы (по Чирикову), калия – 15,2 мг (по Масловой), общего азота — 6,0 мг. В 2018 – 2020 годах было установлено, что: обработка семян лука смесью микробиологических препаратов ризосферных ассоциативных бактерий Экстрасол (штамм Bacillus subtilis Ч-13), Азотовит (штамм Azotobakter chroococcum) и Фосфатовит (штамм Bacillus mucilaginosus) дозами, согласно рекомендаций производителей, не показала достоверного увеличения полевой всхожести испытанных вариантов по отношению к контролю. Внесение смеси ризосферных ассоциативных бактерий препаратов БисолбиСан (штамм Bacillus subtilis Ч-13), Азотовит (штамм Azotobakter chroococcum) и Фосфатовит (штамм Bacillus mucilaginosus) суммарными дозами, л/га: 20,0; 60,0; 70,0;80,0; 90,0; совместно с минеральными подкормками на луке в однолетней культуре обеспечивает значительную (до 20%) прибавку урожайности. Сроки и нормы внесения препаратов требуют дальнейшей оптимизации. Имеет место усиление иммунитета растений против пероноспороза при некорневых обработках фунгицидами Ридомил Голд МЦ и Метаксил совместно с бактериальным препаратом БисолбиСан (штамм Bacillus subtilis Ч-13) в 1% концентрации рабочего раствора. Интервалы обработок 7 – 10 дней фунгицидами Ридомил Голд МЦ и Ревус Топ (на луке не зарегистрирован) следует считать оптимальными против пероноспороза. Currently, the onion-turnip occupies the third place in the country in terms of cultivation area among vegetable crops with an average yield of 27.8 t/ha in 2019 year. The potential of modern sorts and hybrids is 100-120 t/ha. In the conditions of Non-Chernozem zone, the problem of onion disease with peronosporosis is the most urgent. The aim of the research is to optimize the elements of the onion – turnip production technology in an annual crop (pre-sowing seeds treatment with a mixture of rhizospheric associative bacteria, norms and terms of application of bacteria together with mineral fertilizers, norms and terms of application of fungicides), providing a yield of 70-80 t/ha on alluvial meadow soils of the Non-Chernozem zone. Field experiments were conducted at the ARRIVG experimental field according to standard methods. The soil of the site is alluvial meadow medium loamy. The humus content in the 0-20 cm layer is 3.0 — 3.2%, pH of the salt extract varies in the significant range of 5.0-6.5. The content of the sum of absorbed bases is 45.0 mg-eq. per 100 g of soil. The content of P2O5 is 22.0 mg per 100 grams of soil (according to Chirikov), potassium –15.2 mg (according to Maslova), total nitrogen-6.0 mg. In 2018 – 20 years it was found that: Treatment of seeds onion mixture of microbiological preparations associative rhizosphere bacteria Extrasol (strain Bacillus subtilisCH-13), Azotovit (strain Azotobakter chroococcum) and Fosfatovit (strain Bacillus mucilaginosus) doses, according to the manufacturer's recommendations, did not show a significant increase in germination tested options with respect to the control; Introduction of a mixture of rhizospheric associative bacteria preparations BisolbiSan (Bacillus subtilis strain CH-13), Azotovit (Azotobakter chroococcum strain) and Fosfatovit (Bacillus mucilaginosus strain) in total doses, l/ha: 20,0; 60,0; 70,0;80,0; 90,0; together with mineral fertilizing on the onion in an annual crop, it provides a significant (up to 20%) increase in yield. The terms and rates of application of drugs require further optimization. There is an increase in the immunity of plants against peronosporosis during non-root treatments with fungicides Ridomil Gold MC and Metaxil together with the bacterial preparation BisolbiSan (Bacillus subtilis strain CH-13) in 1% concentration of the working solution. Treatment intervals of 7-10 days with the fungicides Ridomil Gold MC and Revus Top (not registered on the onion) should be considered optimal against peronosporosis.

scholarly journals The productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems depending on agricultural practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Izida Ilyinskaya ◽  
Emma Gaevaya
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Preservation Of Fertility

Field experiments were carried out in the Rostov region on the slope of ordinary chernozems in the system of contour-strip organization of the territory in 2011-2020. The aim of the research was the development of agrotechnical methods (design of crop rotation, the method of basic tillage and the background of fertilizers), which ensure high productivity of crop rotations on the eroded slope of ordinary chernozems and the preservation of fertility. The experiment included three factors: the design of the crop rotation, the method of the main tillage, the background of mineral fertilizers. It was found that, on average, for the period of research, the level of mineral nutrition has the greatest influence on the productivity of the crop rotation (83.9%), followed by the design of the crop rotation (14.9%). The influence of basic tillage is estimated at only 1.2%. It was found that the introduction of 20% of perennial grasses into the structure of crop rotation reduces soil washout by 19.5-27.7%, and an increase in the proportion of perennial grasses to 40% by 38.3-43.8%. The use of chisel tillage reduces washout by 15.6-24.2%, and with it the loss of humus. In the “C” crop rotation in all variants of the experiment, the humus content increased by 0.010.03%. It was revealed that the productivity of all the studied crop rotations changed under the influence of agrotechnical methods, reaching in the crop rotation “C” with 40% of perennial grasses and 60% of grain crops on average for the studied period the highest value of 3.53 t / ha of grain units, which is 9.3% higher than in the “B” crop rotation and 17.3% higher than in the “A” crop rotation.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis GB519 Promotes Rice Growth and Reduces the Damages Caused by Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhu ◽  
JICHUN WANG ◽  
Yulin Jia ◽  
Chengli Tian ◽  
Xian Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Gyra Gene ◽  
Ustilaginoidea Virens

Rice blast disease caused by fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (syn. Pyricularia oryzae) is one of the most damaged diseases of rice reducing plant production worldwide. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis strain GB519 was identified from the rhizosphere based on predicted signatures of 16S rDNA and gyrA gene and morphological, biochemical and physiological characteristics. Treated with B. subtilis GB519, rice plant exhibited increased germination rate, vigor index, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight coupled with more production of Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), organic (Porg) and inorganic phosphorus (Phos). In culture GB519 inhibited growth of following rice fungal pathogens (in order from most effective to least effective): M. oryzae, Ustilaginoidea virens, Fusarium graminearum, F. moniliforme, F. oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. Three years studies showed that when rice was sprayed with GB519, there were significant reductions in rice blast incidence both in greenhouse and fields: 70.3% and 62.1% in 2017, and 69.9% and 71.6% in 2018, 75.1% and 75.6% in 2019. Such reductions were correlated with accumulated hydrolytic enzymes including amylases, proteases, chitinase and lipases, and the defense enzyme activity of the total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in rice. Field experiments showed that the biocontrol efficacy of GB519 was similar to that of other biological and chemical fungicides. Our results that B. subtilis strain GB519 promoted plant growth and reduced blast disease suggest that this strain has potential to be used as a biological control agent against rice blast.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals Energy Assessment of Sorghum Cultivation in Southern Ukraine

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 695
Author(s):  
Oleg Bazaluk ◽  
Valerii Havrysh ◽  
Mykhailo Fedorchuk ◽  
Vitalii Nitsenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Global climate changes and fossil fuel reserve depletion are drivers for the search for environmentally friendly renewable energy sources. In Europe, biomass represents the main alternative to fossil fuels. Among energy crops, sorghum is a promising crop for arid regions. The biomass yield and energy efficiency of sorghum (both silage and grain) were studied based on field experiments conducted in Southern Ukraine. The following climate changes were identified: an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation. The total energy inputs for sweet sorghum were estimated at 11.256 GJ/ha. The main contributors to the energy inputs are mineral fertilizers (56.99%). The experiment showed that a yield of 40.6 t/ha could be achieved with annual precipitation of 350 mm. The energy efficiency ratio was determined to be 11.18. The total energy inputs for grain sorghum was 16.081 GJ/ha. Its yield (grain) varied from 1.92 to 7.05 t/ha. The energy efficiency ratio of grain sorghum ranged from 2.8 to 16.7.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Strain ∆6

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Reuß ◽  
Andrea Thürmer ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
Wim J. Quax ◽  
Jörg Stülke
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Subtilis Strain ◽  
Full Genome ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Subtilis Subsp

Bacillus subtilis ∆6 is a genome-reduced strain that was cured from six prophages and AT-rich islands. This strain is of great interest for biotechnological applications. Here, we announce the full-genome sequence of this strain. Interestingly, the conjugative element ICE Bs 1 has most likely undergone self-excision in B. subtilis ∆6.

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