scholarly journals Nikolai Sverchkov as an artist-animal painter, genre painter and portraitist (1817-1898)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.Н. Филиппова
Keyword(s):  
Genre Painting ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Николай Егорович (Георгиевич) Сверчков (1817 – 1898) – один из ранних представителей реалистической жанровой живописи. В своих картинах он запечатлел природу России, с ее величественными лесами и необъятными полями, бесконечными дорогами и проселками. Н.Е. Сверчков впервые в русском искусстве развил мотив удалой «птицы-тройки», с образом которой народ связывал свои мечты о лучшей, свободной жизни. Творчество художника многообразно. Он писал не только жанровые, но и исторические и батальные полотна, занимался скульптурой. Редкого мастерства Н.Е. Сверчков достиг в изображении животных, особенно лошадей. Его дорожные сцены, картины охоты, конные портреты сыграли видную роль в истории русской живописи. Nikolai Yegorovich (Georgievich) Sverchkov (1817-1898) was one of the early representatives of the realist genre painting. In his paintings he captured the nature of Russia, with its majestic forests and vast fields, endless roads and country roads. N.E. Sverchkov for the first time in Russian art has developed the motif of daring "bird-Troika", with the image which the people placed their dreams of a better, free life. The artist's work in many ways. He did not write both genre and historical and battle paintings, studied sculpture. Rare skill N.E. Sverchkov have achieved in the depiction of animals, especially horses. His travel scenes, hunting paintings, horse portraits played a prominent role in the history of Russian painting.

The Image of the Yellow (Huang He) River in Chinese Painting

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-552
Author(s):  
Yuanpeng Huang ◽  
Galina Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Painting ◽  
Chinese Art ◽  
Oil Painting ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the creative works of artists who have created pictures of life of the people living along the Yellow (Huang He) River in all nine regions of China. The Huang He River, as the main artery of the country, has long been the subject of study by historians, writers and painters. However, contemporary artists who dedicated their works to the river have not been researched. This work examines the collective image of the Huang He River in the works of Chinese artists from the 1980s to the present day in order to get acquainted with its peculiarities. The methodological basis for the study of contemporary art is the historical and cultural and socio-cultural approaches. The methods of historical-comparative and sociological analysis of art, biographical and iconographic analysis, semiotics and hermeneutics methods are used. For the first time the features of oil painting in different regions along the Huang He River are presented: the geomorphological characteristics, national characters and folk customs in the river basin, and the cultural protection function of painting. The names of a number of Chinese artists have been introduced into Russian art history, and the panorama of the development of painting in the works of Chinese masters painting on the Huang He River has been shown. The works of these artists are correlated with the traditional art and religious ideas of the people living along the Huang He River: the role of created paintings in preserving the cultural code of the inhabitants through the portrayal of national costume, folk and religious holidays is traced. The results can serve as a basis for historical and comparative studies of the artworks of Chinese masters and become the basis for courses on the history of Chinese art.

Education as Arikara Spiritual Renewal and Cultural Evolution

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
KuuNUx TeeRIt Kroupa
Keyword(s):  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Old People ◽  
New Beginning ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Universe

In May 2009, the Arikara returned to the land of their ancestors along the Missouri River in South Dakota. For the first time in more than a half century, a Medicine Lodge was built for ceremony. The lodge has returned from its dormant state to regain its permanent place in Arikara culture. This event will be remembered as a significant moment in the history of the Arikara because it symbolizes a new beginning and hope for the people. Following this historic event, Arikara spiritual leader Jasper Young Bear offered to share his experience and deep insight into Arikara thought: You have to know that the universe is the Creator's dream, the Creator's mind, everything from the stars all the way to the deepest part of the ocean, to the most microscopic particle of the creation, to the creation itself, on a macro level, on a micro level. You have to understand all of those aspects to understand what the lodge represents. The lodge is a fractal, a symbolic representation of the universe itself. How do we as human beings try to make sense of that? That understanding, of how the power in the universe flows, was gifted to us through millennia of prayer and cultural development… It is important for us to internalize our stories, internalize the star knowledge, internalize those things and make that your way, make that your belief, because we're going to play it out inside the lodge. It only lives by us guys interacting with it and praying with it and bringing it to life… We're going to play out the wise sayings of the old people… So you see that it's an Arikara worldview. A learning process of how the universe functions is what you're actually experiencing [inside the Medicine Lodge]. What the old people were describing was the functioning of how we believed the universe behaves. And we had a deep, deep understanding of what that meant and how it was for us. So that's what you're actually seeing in the Medicine Lodge.

The Eritrea Community-Based Theatre Project

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 386-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Plastow
Keyword(s):  
Women's Rights ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Women’S Rights ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
First Time

Following Jane Plastow's contextual history of Eritrean theatre in NTQ50, Paul Warwick gave an account in the following issue of its previously undocumented role during the thirty-year Eritrean struggle for independence, describing the efforts of the freedom fighters to create theatre for the first time in a rural context. The Eritrean People's Liberation Front not only deployed theatre as a propaganda weapon, but also recognized its value as an agent for educating the people in matters ranging from women's rights to the benefits of modern medicine and farming methods: and with victory came measures further to stimulate the growth and development of theatre as part of Eritrean culture. Jane Plastow, in this third and concluding article, takes up the story with the invitation issued by the new government to her and her colleagues to initiate the ‘Eritrea Community-Based Theatre Project’, in an attempt both to widen the perspectives of Eritrean actors and to draw upon all relevant traditions, African and European, in developing a popular but distinctive theatre for the people. In addition to her role as director of the project, Jane Plastow is a lecturer at Leeds University, having worked in theatre for some years in a number of other African nations.

scholarly journals National and cultural activities of the Tatar diaspora in the North Western China in the first half of the XX century: theater and string orchestra

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
G.N. Khisamieva
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Western China ◽  
String Orchestra ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the national and cultural life of the Tatar diaspora in the Northwest China has not been the subject of the research. The research interest is also caused by the fact that the history of the formation and development of the Tatar diaspora, every day, spiritual, educational and cultural life has not been studied at all and is of particular interest to researchers. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the article examines the process of formation of Tatar theaters and string orchestras in the cities of Kuldzha and Chuguchak for the first time, where the bulk of Tatar emigrants lived. Particular attention was paid to the role of Tatar theaters in the life of indigenous and visiting peoples of the XUAR of the PRC. The purpose of the work is to study and systematize the national and cultural life of the Tatars of Xinjiang. As a result of the study, it can be concluded that the creation of theaters and string orchestras has contributed to the rallying of the Tatars, as well as the preservation of the native language, literature, traditions, culture and identity of the people, which is also a very important factor in preserving identity among the local population of Xinjiang.

"Pinyin Tzimu Project" — a Landmark Event in the History of Chinese Civilization Initiated and Supported by the CPC

2021 ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Alexey Aleksakhin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Internet Communication ◽  
Chen Yi ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Writing Chinese ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chinese Mandarin

The Creation of the Alphabet and words spelling of Chinese Mandarin (Pinyin tsimu project) is a landmark event in the history of Chinese civilization. It breathes new life into ancient Chinese characters. Great "dumb" − the Chinese character − for the first time since 1958 has become known to the whole world by sounds of Beijing speech. Today the two types of writing − Chinese Mandarin traditional ideographic and innovative phonographic writing, in their unity, provide the linguocultural unity of the Chinese society and the progress of science and technology of China. Millions of people in China and beyond are studying the Chinese language based on the sound letter standard of the words of Chinese Putonghua. Letter orthogramms of Chinese words provide tele- and Internet communication of hundreds of millions of Chinese. In the 20 century the first Latinized alphabet for the Chinese language was created with the leading participation of one of the founders and leaders of the CPC, Qu Qiubo, (included in the official list of "100 Greatest Figures of New China") under the influence of the experience of creating alphabets for the peoples of the USSR in 1921-26. Chinese alphabet, based on Latin letters and letter-spelling forms of Putonghua words are a huge scientific achievement of Chinese linguists. Outstanding contribution to the creation of the alphabet and letter words of Chinese Mandarin was made by a brilliant Chinese linguist Zhou Youguang (1906-2011), called the «father of pinyin zimu» or Chinese alphabet in China. The top leaders of the Communist Party of China, Mao Tsedong, Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi led the creation of the "pinyin" alphabet. The political will and wisdom of the CPC's senior leadership, combined with the creative genius of Chinese linguists, ensured the creation of a letter writing for the people of China, which was "an epochal event in the history of the development of Chinese civilization".

The Secret History of RDX

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Army Air Force ◽  
First Time ◽  
Secret History

During the 1930s, British scientists perfected a sugar-white explosive called RDX. Twice as deadly as TNT, RDX was also ten times more expensive. In The Secret History of RDX, historian Colin F. Baxter tells the story of the people who developed, produced, and used RDX in the top-secret, $100 million factory near Kingsport, Tennessee, called the Holston Ordinance Works. Drawing from archival records and numerous interviews with individuals who worked at the “powder plant” from 1942 to 1945, he explores not only the explosive’s military significance but also its impact on the lives of ordinary Americans involved in the war industry. Behind thirty-eight miles of fences, thousands of local men and women synthesized twenty-three thousand tons of RDX each month, enough to supply the entire Allied army, air force, and navy. RDX was added to torpedo warheads, airborne antisubmarine depth charges, and a mounted antisubmarine weapon called the Hedgehog. For the first time, the Allies had a weapon that could challenge German U-boats in the Atlantic, and RDX became the workhorse explosive for the Allies throughout the war. Baxter details the work of Canadian, British, and American scientists as well as the Eastman Company executives who raced to produce the explosive effectively and quickly. He examines the debates between RDX advocates and their opponents in the Army Ordnance Department, as well as the use of the explosive in the bomber war over Germany, naval war in the Atlantic, and as a key element in the trigger device of the atomic bomb.

Popular Disturbance and the Fall of Thomas Cromwell and the Reformers, 1539–1540

1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Brigden
Keyword(s):  
Religious History ◽  
Social Disorder ◽  
The People ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Radicalism ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Politics

On 28 July 1540 Thomas Cromwell went to execution, and two days later Robert Barnes, Thomas Garret and William Jerome, leading protestant preachers and the minister's protégés, were burned at the stake.1 These reformers were sacrificed to implicate Cromwell in apostasy, but their deaths were more than judicial murder; they died for making a reality of the conservatives’ old fears that religious radicalism would engender social disorder. With the coming of the Reformation issues of faith for the first time deeply divided the people, and the rift went beyond the schism between orthodox and reformed alone. Many who witnessed the confusion thought that ‘the devyll reyneth over us nowe’ and believed that ‘alle thys devysyon comyth through that ffalse knave that heretyke Doctor Barnys and such other heretiks as he ys’.2 The faction struggles in court and council which dominated the last years of Henry VIII's reign produced the shifting policies of reaction or toleration towards reform, but while political intrigue determined the incidence of persecution and decided the victims the events of 1540 were to reveal that Protestantism was spreading independently, thwarting the restoration of Catholic orthodoxy, whatever the policy of government. The religious history of London was inextricably linked with the feuds of contending factions at court in the confused months of the spring and summer of 1540, not least because many of the protagonists and persecuted were Londoners themselves. The tensions witnessed in the capital between orthodox and reformed, and popular disturbance there, underlay all the machinations in high politics and influenced the outcome.

scholarly journals THE DEATH OF BATRADZ AND THE DEMISEOF BASTARD

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.Т. ГУТИЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
The People ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

В контексте признаваемой историчности осетинского нартовского эпоса на основании рассказа англо-нормандского церковного историка XIIв. Ордерика Виталия о смерти и погребении Вильгельма Завоевателя и нартовских кадагов, посвящeнных гибели и захоронению нарта Батрадза, впервые ставится вопрос о сравнении нартовского героя Батрадза с историческим деятелем. Основное внимание уделено следующим сюжетообразующим мотивам: конфликт с народом/высшими силами; жар как причина смерти; смертельное ранение, полученное на поле брани, но не от рук врага; зловонность усопшего; упоминание названия усыпальницы; проблемы при захоронении слишком крупного человека в неподходящую ему по размерам усыпальницу; выплата выкупа за возможность захоронить героя. Решение данного вопроса во многом определяется статусом текста церковной хроники. Признание его валидности может служить основанием для рассмотрения данных нарративов как описаний одного исторического события разными средствами. Такой подход даeт возможность рассматривать алгоритмы мифологизации и институционализации прошлого в народной памяти. Таким прошлым для осетин является история их предков, сармато-аланских племeн. В родословной Вильгельма есть определенные пересечения с аланами, что подтверждается наличием множественных бретонских и нормандских родственников с именем Алан в ближайшем окружении короля. В качестве альтернативной интерпретации допускается возможность возведения текстов к одному первоисточнику, и если рассказ Ордерика является фабрикацией, подражательством существовавшей устной традиции, то отмеченные параллели можно квалифицировать как выход на поверхность архаических пластов, общих для двух традиций. Не исключается вероятность прямого заимствования, вектор, траектории распространения и время которого нуждаются в уточнении. Возможно, данные сюжетные мотивы являются произвольными совпадениями. In the context of the acknowledged historicity of the Ossetian Nart epic, based on the systemic coincidences of the story of the 12th century Anglo-Norman church historian Orderikus Vitalius about the death and burial of William the Conqueror and the Narts’ Kadags dedicated to the death and burial of the Nart Batradz with the historical hero Batradz, the question of comparing the Nart hero Batradz is raised for the first time. The main attention is paid to the following plot-forming motives: conflict with the people / higher powers; extreme heat/fire as the cause of death; mortal wound received on the battlefield, but not at the hands of the enemy; the stench of the deceased; stating the name of the burial-place; problems with burying an oversized corpse in a too narrow tomb; payment of the ransom for the opportunity to bury the hero. The solution to this issue is largely determined by the status of the text of the church chronicle. The recognition of its validity can serve as a basis for considering both types of narratives as descriptions of one historical event by different means. This approach makes it possible to consider the algorythms for the mythologization and institutionalization of the past in the people's memory. Such past for the Ossetians is the history of their ancestors, the Sarmatian-Alan tribes. In the genealogy of William there are certain intersections with the Alans, which is confirmed by the presence of multiple Breton and Norman relatives named Alan in the immediate circle of the king’s kins. As an alternative interpretation, these narrative can be traced to one primary source, and if Orderic's story is a fabrication, an imitation of the existing oral tradition, then the noted parallels can be qualified as an emergence of archaic layers common to the two traditions. The possibility of direct borrowing is not excluded, the vector, propagation trajectories and time of which need to be clarified. Less likely these plot motives are arbitrary coincidences.

Corporate Democracy: How Corporations Justified Their Right to Speak in 1970s Boston

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 943-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas Bowie
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Bank ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

AbstractIn the early 1970s, the executives of the First National Bank of Boston spent hundreds of thousands of the bank's dollars on ads opposing statewide efforts to raise their personal income taxes. When frustrated Massachusetts legislators banned this sort of corporate spending, the executives sued, arguing that “corporations have the same First Amendment rights as individuals.” In First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, the Supreme Court held for the first time that the First Amendment protects all political speech, even ads paid for by a corporation. Surprisingly, the first corporation to take advantage of this decision was not the bank, but the city of Boston--a municipal corporation that spent nearly a million dollars on a new referendum in the fall of 1978.This article discusses the history of the 1978 referendum, one pitting municipal corporations against business corporations. It argues that the referendum and the discourse surrounding it made it intuitive for Bostonians that all corporations, banks and cities, are representative institutions. Corporations can “speak” only by spending money, and the leaders of Boston and the bank justified spending other people's money by pointing to the internal elections that put them in office. But voters were skeptical of the argument that “corporate democracy” alone could guarantee that elected executives spoke with the consent of the people they purported to represent. The article offers a novel contribution to the historiography of modern business and politics: a legal history of how corporations--municipal and financial--became politicized in the wake of evolving First Amendment free-speech doctrine.

The Oxford Handbook of Populism

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Popular Sovereignty ◽  
The People ◽  
New Directions ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eastern And Western Europe

Populist forces are increasingly relevant, and studies on populism have entered the mainstream of the political science discipline. However, no book has synthesized the ongoing debate on how to study the phenomenon. The main goal of this Handbook is to provide the state of the art of the scholarship on populism. The Handbook lays out not only the cumulated knowledge on populism, but also the ongoing discussions and research gaps on this topic. The Handbook is divided into four sections. The first presents the main conceptual approaches and points out how the phenomenon in question can be empirically analyzed. The second focuses on populist forces across the world with chapters on Africa, Australia and New Zealand, Central, Eastern, and Western Europe, East Asia, India, Latin America, the post-Soviet States, and the United States. The third reflects on the interaction between populism and various issues both from scholarly and political viewpoints. Analysis includes the relationship between populism and fascism, foreign policy, gender, nationalism, political parties, religion, social movements, and technocracy. The fourth part encompasses recent normative debates on populism, including chapters on populism and cosmopolitanism, constitutionalism, hegemony, the history of popular sovereignty, the idea of the people, and revolution. With each chapter written by an expert in their field, this Handbook will position the study of populism within political science and will be indispensable not only to those who turn to populism for the first time, but also to those who want to take their understanding of populism in new directions.

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