METHOD OF PROCESSING COLLAGEN FRESHWATER FISH TO OBTAIN A MATERIAL WITH A HIGH MOISTURE ABSORBING ABILITY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. АНТИПОВА ◽  
С.А. ТИТОВ ◽  
И.В. СУХОВ
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Free Access ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Исследовано взаимодействие коллагена пресноводных рыб с водой для повышения его водопоглощающей способности. Объектом исследования был вторичный продукт переработки рыбного сырья – шкуры прудовых рыб, преимущественно толстолобика. Для исследования были использованы методы термогравиметрии и дифференциальной сканирующей калориметрии. Измерения проведены на приборе синхронного термического анализа модели STA 449 F3 Jupiter. Установлено, что основная доля влаги связывается адсорбционным или осмотическим путем, а на долю капиллярной влаги приходится всего 7% массы воды, связанной образцами. Большая величина энергии связи адсорбции – 4 Дж/моль свидетельствует о способности функциональных групп коллагена к созданию гидратной оболочки, содержащей значительное количество воды. Для увеличения влагопоглощающей способности необходимо разрыхление коллагеновых волокон, что увеличивается свободный доступ влаги к фибриллам белка, увеличивающим впитывание влаги. Для эффективного разрыхления предложено выдерживать шкуры толстолобика в растворе органических кислот концентрацией 0,5%. Это позволяет добиться высокой влагоемкости, которая достигает 35–40 объемов влаги на 1 единицу массы исследуемого материала, что делает перспективным использование коллагена в качестве материала для впитывающих влагу слоев средств личной гигиены, одежды, обуви. The interaction of freshwater fish collagen with water to increase its water absorption capacity was studied. The secondary product of processing of fish raw materials – skins of pond fish, mainly silver carp, was the object of study. Methods of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry were used for the study. Measurements were carried out on the device of synchronous thermal analysis of model STA 449 F3 Jupiter. It was found that the bulk of the moisture is bound by adsorption or osmotic way, and 7% of mass of the water connected by samples fall to the share of capillary moisture. A large amount of adsorption binding energy – 4 J/mol indicates the ability of collagen functional groups to create a hydrated shell containing a significant amount of water. Loosening of collagen fibers is necessary to increase the moisture absorption capacity, which will increase the free access of moisture to the protein fibrils, increasing the absorption of moisture. It is proposed to withstand the skins of silver carp in a solution of organic acids with a concentration of 0,5% for effective loosening. This makes it possible to achieve high moisture capacity, which reaches 35–40 volumes of moisture per 1 unit mass of the test material, which makes it promising to use collagen as a material for moisture-absorbing layers of personal hygiene products, clothing, and shoes.

The Influence of Organosilane on Physicochemical Characterization of Waste Leather Powder with Different Size

2016 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Juan Wang ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Ning Kun Wu ◽  
Shuang Xi Shao
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Powder Sample ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Ft Ir

In order to reduce the pollution of the waste material, the waste leather powder tanned with vegetable tannin was used in this work, and vinyitrimethoxy silane was chosen as coupling agent. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the thermal properties of the powder sample. Both thermal decomposition temperature and denaturation temperature of the modified sample were higher than those of the raw samples due to the interaction between leather powder and silane, which can be demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, the flowing property, hydrophilicity and water absorption rate of the powder samples was also examined. The results showed that the hydrophilicity and moisture absorption of the leather powder sample modified with silane was lower than the raw materials. And the flowing properties of the modified samples also decreased because of the coupling reaction of the flexible vinyitrimethoxy silane.

scholarly journals A PROMISING USE OF COLLAGEN SUBSTANCES IN THE MANUFACTURING OF PERSONAL HYGIENE MEANS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 714-720
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Antipova ◽  
S. A. Titov ◽  
M. A. Piskova ◽  
I. V. Sukhov
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Ultraviolet Region ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Absorbent Layer

There were performed studies of the interaction of collagen of freshwater fish with water to determine the prospects for its use as an absorbent layer of personal care products, a method for treating freshwater fish skins for obtaining a material with an increased water-absorbing capacity has been developed; thermal stability, allergenic properties of this material have been studied; toxicity tests have been carried out. Methods of thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, spectroscopy in the visible and ultraviolet region of the spectrum of light waves were used. Allergenicity was determined by the method of cutaneous applications, toxicity - according to State Standards. The most part of moisture was shown to be bound by adsorption or osmotic pathways, only 7% of moisture bound by the samples is retained in the capillaries. The sufficiently high binding energies of about 4 J/mol suggest the ability of the functional groups of fish collagen to create a powerful hydrated membrane. For the loosening of the material, sequential treatment of fish skin in weak solutions of alkalis and organic acids is suggested, after which the swelling capacity reflecting the moisture capacity of the material rises by almost 10 times and amounts to 30 g per 1 g of dry matter. The aggregation of polydisperse systems of processed collagen in the temperature range of 38◦-46◦, which can lead to a decrease in moisture capacity with an increase in temperature to these values, is found. The obtained material has no allergic neither toxic effects. As a result of the studies, it was shown that collagen of freshwater fish, modified by treatment in alkali and organic acid solutions, can be used as a material for the absorbent layer of personal care products under the condition of sparing temperature regimes during their manufacture.

scholarly journals Effect of a Superabsorbent for the Improvement of Car Seat Thermal Comfort

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Funda Mazari ◽  
Adnan Mazari ◽  
Antonin Havelka ◽  
Jakub Wiener
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Sandwich Structure ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Car Seats ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Cover Material

The use of super absorbent polymers (SAP) for moisture absorption and comfort is still unexplored. The aim of this work was to observe the application of super absorbent fibres in car seats for comfort purposes. In this research the efficiency of different SAP fibrous webs were determined under different moisture percentages to examine the sorption and desorption efficiency. A SAP fibrous web with low thickness and high moisture absorption were tested with a multilayer sandwich structure of a car seat cover to determine moisture absorption through the cover material. The standard Cup method was used to determine the moisture permeability of different car seat covers with a superabsorbent layer closed with impermeable polyurethane foam. It was observed that the SAP fibrous layers are very effective in absorbing and desorbing water vapour under extremely high and low moisture percentages. In extreme humid conditions (95%RH), 20g of the SAP layer absorbs nearly 70% of its weight in water vapour, reaching the maximum absorption capacity in 6 hours.

Production of Ceramic Materials Using only Waste as Raw Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Galán-Arboledas ◽  
Salvador Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Equilibrium Diagram ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

From a selection of inorganic industrial waste (screen glass, steelworks ashes, coal power plant ashes, biomass power plant ash and sludge from cutting marble industry) and a waste with organic fraction (diatomaceous earth from oil filtration) it is expected to obtain ceramic materials with properties similar to those of ceramic materials used in construction and porous materials with thermal insulating capability. The ternary phase equilibrium diagram SiO2-Al2O3-CaO has been used as the main tool for the formulation of these materials. The dynamic sintering study was carried out using dilatometry techniques (DIL), thermo gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC). Characterization of the manufactured material allows determining a set of basic technological properties such as fired bulk density, water absorption capacity and bending strength, in addition to thermal conductivity and microstructure by SEM-EDX, in order to obtain the necessary data to determine technical feasibility.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE TECHNOLOGICAL POTEN­TIAL OF GLUTEN-FREE FLOUR RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
YUDINA Tetiana ◽  
ROMANENKO Roman ◽  
BEZRUCHENKO Olha
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rice Flour ◽  
Field Method ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Gluten Free ◽  
Corn Flour

Background. Gluten-free types of flour (corn, rice) with the absence of gluten proteins, show special abilities for moisture absorption, which differ from those that are characteristic for wheat flour. Researches in this direction are fragmentary. Consequently, the aim of the article is to study the influence of granulometric characteristics on the moisture-absorbing capacity (MAC) and to determine methods for increasing the technological potential of gluten-free flour raw materials. Materials and methods. The corn flour and rice flour were used. Micropho­to­graphs were taken with the CL PC camera 4.5 digital microscope. The determination of gra­nulometric composition of flour was carried out by the average mass diameter method using Cooling Tech 4.5 software. The moisture absorption capacity of flour was deter­mi­ned by a Brabender farinograph, Germany. Result. The particle size of rice flour is determined by the "dark-field" method and corn flour by the "light-field" method. The obtained results show that rice flour is characterized by a relative uniformity in particle size and a high degree of dispersion, and as a result, has a good moisture-absorbing capacity (78.4 %). In corn flour, particles with average diameters from 100 to 250 microns (68.3 %) have the highest specific weight, the content of relatively large particles (more than 300 microns) is 11.2 %, and in the total area of particles 26.9 ± 4.2 %, which negatively affects the moisture-absorbing capa­city of flour and the consumer properties of ready-made cupcakes. To ensure the uniformity of particle sizes of the dispersed phase (a mixture of corn and rice flour) in the developed technology of gluten-free cupcakes, it is proposed to use a method of re-grin­ding, the feasibility of which is confirmed by the results of a study of the dispersed distribution of corn flour particles after re-grinding. Conclusion. It is proved that one of the factors that significantly affect the mois­ture-absorbing capacity of gluten-free flour, the speed of dough formation, consistency, and consumer properties of ready-made gluten-free cupcakes is the granulometric com­position of flour. The method of re-grinding corn flour is proposed in the development of gluten-free cupcake technology to ensure the uniformity of particle sizes of a mixture of corn and rice flour.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF THE POSSIBILITY OF COMBINING FRESHWATER FISH WITH DUCK MEAT IN MEAT-CONTAINING SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bozhko ◽  
Vasyl Tischenko ◽  
Vasil Pasichnyi ◽  
Polumbryk Manyefa ◽  
Oleksandra Haschuk
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Amino Acid Score ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Technological Indices

It is an urgent direction of studies to ground a possibility of combining different types of raw materials at producing semi-products. It is prospective in creating new types of products to combine white silver carp and silver crucian and regional duck in recipes of meat-containing semi-products for raising their functional and technological indices and biological effectiveness at preserving quality organoleptic characteristics in the traditional technology of meat-containing cut semi-products. There were elaborated recipes of meat-containing semi-products and conducted experimental studies of developed products with analyzing results that prove a possibility of combining duck meat and freshwater fish in recipes of meat-containing semi-products by the complete replacement of beef and pork in recipes. There were studied functional-technological indices of model forcemeats, realized the organoleptic assessment of meat-containing semi-products and their correspondence to standard requirements to this segment of products, proved microbiological safety of obtained products. The biological value of a sample of meat-containing semi-products with optimal parameters, namely the amino acid composition, including the content of replaceable and irreplaceable amino acids was studied, amino acid score was calculated, ratios of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were established. The obtained experimental data prove the expedience of combining fish and meat raw materials for creating high quality and healthy products.

Technology and Formation Improvement of Consumer Properties of Cold Appetizers from a Silver Carp in the Roll Form

Food Industry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Olesya Sergeevna ◽  
Adelya Bekesheva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Roll Forming ◽  
Fish Gelatin ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Food Value

At the present development stage of fish culinary production special significance has range expanding and technology improving for the following purposes: the available fish resources use; the organoleptic characteristics improvement and the nutritional value and competitiveness increase of products manufactured at the enterprises of the food industry. This study concerns the technology and the consumer properties formation improvement of cold appetizers from silver carp in the form of a roll. Unlike traditional the developed products consist of fillet of a bighead silver carp on a skin and an original stuff from egg, vegetables and mushrooms. The researchers conducted study using conventional and special methods. They recommended to introduce gelatin in a dry powdered at the stage of roll forming form in a recipe of the developed fish rolls. A man tested fish gelatin as anew consistency regulator of the developed products. The traditional and fish gelatin use allows to increase the yield of fish cold appetizers in the form of a roll by 8.0 %. When adding gelatin, there was an improvement in consistency and sensory perception of the product as a whole. The analysis results of biological value showed that the developed dishes, being an important additional source of protein and essential amino acids such as threonine, lysine, valine, may well improve the ration balance. The fatty acids ratio in fish rolls prepared according to new recipes is close to the ideal fat in the ratio of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (35:45:20) and is determined mainly by the composition of fatty acids in silver carp fat. The developed production will allow to expand the range of the food industry enterprises by cold fish appetizers of high quality and food value from available fish raw materials.

scholarly journals Radial Water Barrier in Submarine Cables, Current Solutions and Innovative Development Directions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2761
Author(s):  
Leszek Resner ◽  
Sandra Paszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Water Barrier ◽  
Operational Factors ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Submarine Cables ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Lead Aluminium

With wind turbines increasing in size, installed at greater distances from the mainland, and greater depths, submarine cables are facing new challenges. Materials and technologies used so far for the production of submarine cables with lead, aluminium, or copper sheaths make them unsuitable or even obsolete for modern solutions such as floating wind farms. The article discusses types of submarine cables, their construction, working conditions, and operational factors, with emphasis placed on the role of the radial water barrier. The focus has been placed on dry and semi-dry designs. The article is also devoted to a discussion regarding directions of further development, possible materials, and constructions that may appear in the future. Current research and results regarding the use of multi-layer coatings with the use of thermoplastic block copolymers for the layer with high moisture absorption are also presented.

Development of Coolsmart Functional Knitted Fabrics

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Qing Feng ◽  
Yan Jun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Machine Code ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Bacterial Function ◽  
Fabric Structures ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the main features of coolsmart fiber and the theory of knitted fabric structures， two structures of sports and leisure knitted fabrics with fast moisture absorption, description and anti-bacterial function are introduced in this article, detailing the selection of raw materials, pattern formation effect, the machine code organization and cam set out.

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