scholarly journals The Role of Metamorphosis in Anglo- Saxon Ballads, Albanian Ballads and Frontier Warrior Songs

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Danela Bala Kraja

This article aims to point out the role of metamorphosis in Anglo- Saxon ballads, Albanian ballads and frontier warrior songs. The Anglo- Saxon ballads and Albanian frontier warrior songs and ballads came into existence a long time ago and they had a certain number of influences which as a result had their great impact on their creation, development and circumstances when and where they were composed. They were created as a consequence of some special historical, cultural and social development. It has to be emphasized that those influences were of different character and size such as human, non-human or divine ones and the compositions of songs or ballads were inspired and conditioned by a lot of circumstances. Metamorphosis is used to express that never- ending process and of course it is transforming. The changes are either positive or negative and consequently people may perceive different good or bad feelings. It is related to the magic world and the unrealistic one and sometimes it is a beautiful feeling when a human being transforms into a rose and showing a form of life continuation after death but in many cases it transforms into a non-desirable object or animal. It is a quick transformation from one thing to another and it may have either positive or negative effects on the audience.

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas de Boer

AbstractA central issue in postphenomenology is how to explain the multistability of technologies: how can it be that specific technologies can be used for a wide variety of purposes (the “multi”), while not for all purposes (the “stability”)? For example, a table can be used for the purpose of sleeping, having dinner at, or even for staging a fencing match, but not for baking a cake. One explanation offered in the literature is that the (material) design of a technology puts constraints on the purposes for which technologies can be used. In this paper, I argue that such an explanation—while partly correct—fails to address the role of the environment in which human beings operate in putting constraints on technology use. I suggest that James Gibson’s affordance theory helps highlighting how stabilities in technology use arise in the interaction between human being and environment. Building on more recent approaches in affordance theory, I suggest that the environment can be conceptualized as a “rich landscape of affordances” that solicits certain actions, which are not just cued by the environment’s material structure, but also by the normativity present in the form of life in which a human being participates. I briefly contrast the approach to affordances developed in this paper with how Klenk (2020) and Tollon (2021) have conceptualized the “affordance character” of technological artifacts, and highlight how a focus on the situated nature of affordances augments these earlier conceptualizations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Sława Cwalińska - Weychert ◽  
Iwona Kaja

The authors of this article, having analyzed the role of the Insurance Guarantee Fund in the compulsory insurance system, show the most significant differences in the liability of motor liability insurers and the IGF towards the injured. In their opinion, the identified differences in the liability principles and the differences in the interpretation of the applicable laws are the most frequent sources of competence disputes between insurance undertakings and the Fund, particularly about the competence of one of them in the claims settlement of victims of incidents involving unidentified perpetrators. On the one hand, these disputes are essentially held over formal issues, such as the existence or non-existence of insurance cover of the perpetrator and, on the other hand, over substantive ones, namely the recognition of the liability of either the IGF or the insurer in the circumstances of the event. Owing to their complex nature these disputes are frequently long-lasting, which results in the victims waiting for an extremely long time for their compensation. The authors emphasize that in the European Union the above problem has already been identified and was mostly regulated by the Directive 2009/103/EC of the European Parliament and Council of 16 September 2009 relating to insurance against civil liability in respect of the use of motor vehicles, and the enforcement of the obligation to insure against such liability. In Article 11 of the regulation it is stated that in the event of a dispute between the guarantee institution and the insurer, about determining who must compensate the victim, the Member States are required to designate one of those parties to be responsible in the first instance for paying the compensation to the victim without delay. The Insurance Guarantee Fund has repeatedly pointed to the negative effects of the lack of full implementation of this regulation to our national legislation. It consequently must have led to competence disputes and the need for conflict resolution in courts, at the expense of victims waiting long for being paid the compensation. Having recognized the importance of the above problems, the Polish legislator finally resolved this issue by the Act of 23 October 2018, amending the act on compulsory insurance, the Insurance Guarantee Fund and the Polish Motor Insurers’ Bureau in accordance with the directive. In the above amendment it has been indicated that in the event of a competence dispute the insurance undertaking is required to satisfy the justified claims, but at the same time the obligation has been imposed on the Fund to reimburse the paid compensation to the insurer, in the situation when the responsibility of the Fund to the victim of the accident was established. According to the authors, the entry into force of this regulation on 31 December 2018 should eliminate from the market the phenomenon of justified claims being not settled in due time.


2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salem

Santrauka. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti keletą intriguojančių Niklaso Luhmanno socialinės teorijos aspektų. Trumpai aptarus, kaip Luhmannas nutolsta nuo ankstesnių funckionalizmo formų (ypač Talcotto Parsonso idėjų) ir kaip jo darbai iš esmės skiriasi nuo esencializmo, fundamentalizmo ir humanizmo, parodoma, kuo svarbi jo siūloma nevaržomų socialinių struktūrų teorija. Kalbama apie tokias struktūras, kurių reprodukcija nepriklauso nuo išorinių veiksnių, o pati reprodukcija traktuojama kaip nesibaigiantis procesas, kuriame, Luhmanno teigimu, žmogiškieji subjektai nevaidina jokio vaidmens. Vėliau kritinėje Luhmanno visuomenės teorijos analizėje pereinama prie svarstymų, koks vaidmuo tenka komunikacijai ir jos efektyvumą ribojan­tiems veiksniams, koks yra atotrūkis tarp žmogaus veiksmo ir komunikacijos sistemos. Straipsnio pabaigoje siekiama įvertinti, ar ir kaip Luhmanno teorija gali būti pritaikyta socialinėje kritikoje. Teigiama, kad ne­paisant rimtų teorijos trūkumų, ji visgi gali atnaujinti visuomenės kritinę mintį ir suteikti jai naują kryptį. ABSTRACT ACTION AND COMMUNICATION IN NIKLAS LUHMANN’S SOCIAL THEORY ‘Everyone knows, of course, that the word “human being” is not a human being. We must alsolearn that there is nothing in the unity of an object that corresponds to the word. Wordssuch as “human being,” “soul,” “person,” “subject,” and “individual” are nothingmore than what they effect in communication’(LUHMANN 2002; 183) This article offers a critical introduction to some of the most striking features of Niklas Luhmann’s social theory. It opens with a discussion of Luhmann’s departure from older forms of functionalism (above all the ideas of Parsons), and of how his work marks a distinct break with essentialism, foundationalism and humanism. This is followed by an account of the importance to his theory of free-form social structures that can reproduce themselves in ways not determined by external forces, a never-ending process in which, on Luhmann’s account, human agents have no part to play. Next the place and role of communication (and of obstacles to communicative efficacy) in his vision of society are examined, and the decisive split between human action and communication systems in his work is further discussed. Finally, some of the implications of Luhmann’s theory for social critique are drawn out, and it is argued that, despite posing serious difficulties for the idea of criticism as conventionally conceived, this theory might actually help to renew it. Keywords: communications theory, cybernetics, human action, post-humanism, social change, social criticism, social systems, social theory. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: komunikacijos teorija, kibernetika, socialinis veiksmas, post-humanizmas, socialiniai pokyčiai, socialinė kritika, socialinės sistemos, socialinė teorija.


1997 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Borys Lobovyk

An important problem of religious studies, the history of religion as a branch of knowledge is the periodization process of the development of religious phenomenon. It is precisely here, as in focus, that the question of the essence and meaning of the religious development of the human being of the world, the origin of beliefs and cult, the reasons for the changes in them, the place and role of religion in the social and spiritual process, etc., are converging.


2020 ◽  
pp. 92-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Bakhtigaraeva ◽  
A. A. Stavinskaya

The article considers the role of trust in the economy, the mechanisms of its accumulation and the possibility of using it as one of the growth factors in the future. The advantages and disadvantages of measuring the level of generalized trust using two alternative questions — about trusting people in general and trusting strangers — are analyzed. The results of the analysis of dynamics of the level of generalized trust among Russian youth, obtained within the study of the Institute for National Projects in 10 regions of Russia, are presented. It is shown that there are no significant changes in trust in people in general during the study at university. At the same time, the level of trust in strangers falls, which can negatively affect the level of trust in the country as a whole, and as a result have negative effects on the development of the economy in the future. Possible causes of the observed trends and the role of universities are discussed. Also the question about the connection between the level of education and generalized trust in countries with different quality of the institutional environment is raised.


2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Lev E. Shaposhnikov

The paper analyses the evolution of Yu. Samarin’s ideas from rationalism to “holistic knowledge”. Special attention is paid to the philosopher’s conceptualization of the key role of religion for a nation. The author also examines the scholar’s position concerning the promotion of patriotism as an important impetus for social development. Emphasis is made on analyzing the interaction of universal and national aspects in the educational process, as well as on the value of national identity in the field of humanities. The article also presents Yu. Samarin’s critical evaluation of the government educational policy and his suggestions on increasing its effectiveness. The author notes the relevance of Yu. Samarin’s views for the contemporary philosophical and educational context.


Author(s):  
باي زكوب عبد العالي ◽  
سوهيرين محمد صوليحين

الملخّصيعدّ عبد الحميد بن باديس أحد العلماء الجزائريين المبرزين بالإصلاح الاجتماعي والدّيني والسّياسي والتربوي، عاش خمسين سنة في القرن العشرين الميلادي، حيث كانت ولادته سنة 1889م، وكانت وفاته سنة 1940م، ولقد فرض الواقع الجزائري إبّان فترة الاحتلال الفرنسي الذي كان يسعى إلى طمس ثوابت الأمّة الجزائرية، وخرق تاريخها، وهُويّتها، وثقافتها، ووحدتها الدينيّة، واللّغوية على ابن باديس أن يسلك نهج التربية والتعليم، قاصداً بذلك مواجهة الاحتلال الفرنسي الغاشم من خلال عدّة جبهات ومجالات كمثل مجال الصحافة، ومجال التربية والتعليم، ومجال الجمعيات، ومجال السياسة وغير ذلك، يهدف هذا البحث إلى إبراز دور عبد الحميد بن باديس في النّهوض بالأمّة الجزائريّة نحو تربيّة أفضل، وحياة أسعد، فيبدأ أوّلاً وبشكل موجز، بالتعرّف على الفترة الصعبة التي عايشها ابن باديس والمتمثلة في فترة الاحتلال الفرنسي الغاشم، وآثاره السلبية على الصعيد السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي والثقافي والديني الجزائري وقتذاك، ثم يقوم ثانياً بتسليط الضّوء على حياة ابن باديس وتكوينه العلمي ورحلاته الداخلية وأسفاره الخارجية؛ ثم يسعى ثالثاً وبتعمّق، التعرّف على أعمال ابن باديس الاجتماعيّة وجهوده التربويّة التي أخذت حظّاً وافراً من حياته اليومية، والتي تركّزت على منبرين رئيسين، هما: منبر الصّحافة، ومنبر التربيّة والتعليم.الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الإمام عبد الحميد بن باديس، الاحتلال الفرنسي، التربية، الجزائر، الإصلاح.             AbstractImÉm ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs is an Algerian scientist, and eminent social, religious, political and educational reformer. He lived fifty years in the twentieth century. He was born in 1889 and died in 1940, and lived during the French occupation that attempted to distort and undermine the foundations of the Algerian nation by destroying its history, identity, culture, and religious and linguistic unity. Ibn BÉdÊs pursued an educational approach to face the brutal French occupation on several fronts, including journalism, education, civil associations, politics, etc. This paper highlights the role of ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs in the advancement of the Algerian nation toward better education and a happier life. The paper begins with a brief canvas of the difficult times in which Ibn BÉdÊs lived, and the negative effects of the brutal French occupation from political, economic, social, cultural and religious angles, besides highlighting the life of Ibn BÉdÊs, his education and his local and international travels. The focus of this research is an in-depth examination of Ibn BÉdÊs’ social and educational efforts that consumed much of his daily routine: journalism, and education.Keywords: ImÉm ‘Abd al-×amÊd ibn BÉdÊs, the French Occupation, Education, Algeria, Reform.


Author(s):  
М. В. Дзисюк

Definitions of concept and sphere of the concept are widely used in different aspects of modern linguistics. There is no single understanding of these notions and universal methodology of research has not been invented by linguists yet. This predetermines topicality of the article. The aim of our research is analysis, generalization, and systematization of different approaches to the interpretation of the notion ‘concept’ that exist in modern linguistics. It results in the following tasks: analysis of existing definitions of concept and its division into certain ranges and defining classification features. Modern linguists raise the questions of the conceptual and linguistic image of the world, the role of a human factor in its formation and interaction as in a linguistic process more frequently and it is defined as a fact in today’s linguistic scientific literature. The problem of individual language formation, poetic one in particular gains important meaning in this context. Ukrainian linguists use the notion of ‘concept’ for a long time now although they adhere to different views on its definition. Researches of the question define two major approaches in the analysis of the notion ‘concept’ that is linguistic-cognitive and linguistic-cultural. We can claim that words-concepts are agents between material reality and the ideal world that is synthesized in poetry, carriers of sense since with their help the versatility of the real world correlates with eternal spiritual values. Therefore, main features of the notion ‘concept’ in which objectively-cognitive and subjectively-creative features are combines are as follow sensual authenticity, time-spatial features, mediation between material and spiritual, semantic filling, ability to polysemy. A word with a generally symbolic meaning that is implemented in a language process through literary techniques typical for poet’s idiotype is the main core of the concept. The concept in poetic language formation by modern Uman poets is semantically integral, fulfilled, able to penetrate into other concepts and absorb semantically narrower images saving unity and semantic independence, varying numerous interpretations that project it in a certain semantic space, saving potential of real reflection.


Author(s):  
Madara Eversone

The article aims to highlight the role of Arvīds Grigulis’ (1906–1989) personality in the Latvian Soviet literary process in the context of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union, attempting to discover the contradictions and significance of Arvīds Grigulis’ personality. Arvīds Grigulis was a long-time member of the Writers’ Union, a member of the Soviet nomenklatura, and an authority of the soviet literary process. His evaluations of pre-soviet literary heritage and writings of his contemporaries were often harsh and ruthless, and also influenced the development of the further literary process. The article is based on the documents of the Central Committee of the Latvian Communist Party, the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union and the Communist Party local organization of the Latvian Soviet Writers’ Union that are available at the Latvian State Archive of the National Archives of Latvia, as well as memories of Grigulis’ contemporaries. It is concluded that the personality of the writer Arvīds Grigulis, although unfolding less in the context of the Writers’ Union, is essential for the exploration of the soviet literary process and events behind the scenes. The article mainly describes events and episodes taking place until 1965, when Arvīds Grigulis’ influence in the Writers’ Union was more remarkable. Individual and further studies should analyse changes and the impact of his decisions in the cultural process of the 70s and 80s of the 20th century.


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