scholarly journals Poverty and Migration in Western Balkan Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Emi Malaj ◽  
Visar Malaj
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Recessions ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Specific Country

According to Lee (1966), the number of immigrants in a specific country is positively related with the level of the corresponding diversity of areas and people. Negative economic conditions in origin countries lead to the increase of migration flows; as a consequence, we find high immigrant volumes in wealthier countries and a significant level of mobility in least developed countries. Every stream provokes a counterstream: a relevant part of immigrants return to their home country, due to possible future economic recessions or to the learning or developing particular skills. Dissimilarity between countries and strong immigration barriers reinforce the counterstream effect. We analyze in this paper the link between poverty and migration in Western Balkan countries, and the respective implications for reforms and policies. The number of Western Balkan citizens who emigrate to developed European countries has dramatically increased over the past years. This is a consequence of increasing unemployment, poverty and social inequality. We also estimate a particular econometric model, including different experimental variables, related with migration and poverty.

Shrinkage of Rural Areas as a Result of Urbanization and Migration Processes in Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 956-974
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
Shrinkage Process ◽  
Shrinking Process ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The study of tendencies in economic and environmental shrinkage is tied to the expressions of substantive changes in complexity of determinant contexts of internal and migration flows. This chapter answers the challenges posed by economic tendencies, using the theories and models and does not fall victim to simplistic projections and conjectures and theories based more in speculation than in fact. The method used is the critical analysis of economic, social, and political tendencies in relation to the situation of shrinking cities in Mexico. The results of this analysis led to the finding that the shrinkage process in Mexico, as a developing economy, does not follow the same patterns of well-developed countries, and an increase in shrinking cities has occurred since the middle of the 1950s and the use of incentives in some localities to attract economic growth have had modest success in turning around the shrinking process.

scholarly journals RURAL MIGRATION PROCESSES IN MEXICAN COUNTRYSIDE

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
José Vargas-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Shrinkage Process ◽  
Shrinking Process ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the empirical-theoretical approaches to shrinking cities in Mexico. The study of tendencies in economic and environmental shrinkage is tied to the expressions of substantive changes in the complexity of determinant contexts of internal and migration flows. The analysis intents to answer the challenges posed by current economic and demographic tendencies, using theories and models and trying not to fall down victim of simplistic projections and conjectures and theories based more in speculations rather than on facts. The method used is the critical analysis of economic, social and political tendencies around the phenomenon of shrinking cities in México. The results of this analysis lead us to the conclusion that the shrinkage process in México, as a developing and emerging economy does not follow the same patterns as in well developed countries, where an increase in shrinking cities has been observed since the middle of the 1950s and the use of incentives in some localities to attract economic growth have had rather modest success in turning around the shrinking process. Further research on shrinking cities should be done in México. Finally, this paper analyzes some of the problems which are important for setting the agenda for future research in Mexico.

Are Borders the Reflection of International Relations? Southeast Asian Borders in Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. M. Ahsan Ullah ◽  
Asiyah Az-Zahra Ahmad Kumpoh
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
The Past ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Over the past decade, the concepts of border have gained resonance in several disciplines within social sciences. While critical theory of borders has made tremendous advancements, scarcity of the scholarship in border studies is still evident. Borders are, in general, cultural, social, territorial, geographical, political, sexual and racial separators. This article deals with geographical borders in the Southeast Asian (SEA) region. Most countries in SEA share borders with each other. Under a range of circumstances and relationships such as trade, security and migration flows take place. Southeast Asia’s heterogeneity—politically, ethnically, religiously, economically, demographically and spatially—has crucial implications for neighbourly relationships, trade, border constructions, migration and refugee flows for all the countries. This article delves into the interplay between borders and heterogeneity in SEA and their outcomes. We argue that borders type determine the level of relationship between neighbouring countries and security outcome, trade and population mobility.

Shrinkage of Rural Areas as a Result of Urbanization and Migration Processes in Mexico

2015 ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
José G. Vargas-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Shrinking Cities ◽  
Shrinkage Process ◽  
Shrinking Process ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The study of tendencies in economic and environmental shrinkage is tied to the expressions of substantive changes in complexity of determinant contexts of internal and migration flows. This chapter answers the challenges posed by economic tendencies, using the theories and models and does not fall victim to simplistic projections and conjectures and theories based more in speculation than in fact. The method used is the critical analysis of economic, social, and political tendencies in relation to the situation of shrinking cities in Mexico. The results of this analysis led to the finding that the shrinkage process in Mexico, as a developing economy, does not follow the same patterns of well-developed countries, and an increase in shrinking cities has occurred since the middle of the 1950s and the use of incentives in some localities to attract economic growth have had modest success in turning around the shrinking process.

Migration Flows and Migration Crisis in Southern Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 602-618
Author(s):  
Domenico Maddaloni ◽  
Grazia Moffa
Keyword(s):  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Neoliberal Globalization ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers ◽  
Southern European Countries

This chapter examines the main migration flows concerning the countries of southern Europe; those are a) the immigration from developed countries b) the so-called ‘new emigration’, and c) the persistent flow of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers. They receive a very different treatment in local political debates, which are dominated by the concern for ‘the crisis,’ (i. e., the whole range of economic, social, and political changes arising from neoliberal globalization). While discussing the current literature on these topics, the chapter shows how these flows are politically constructed for the purposes of the establishment. At the same time, the chapter highlights the relationships between these trends and the general changes affecting southern European countries.

UNDER WHAT DEMOGRAPHIC SCENARIO/SCENARIOS CAN DEVELOPED WESTERN COUNTRIES AVOID POPULATION DECLINE BY THE END OF THE CENTURY?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 178-190
Author(s):  
S. G. SHUL’GIN ◽  
◽  
Yu. V. ZIN’KINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Demographic Dynamics ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Small Set ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The prospects for the dynamics of the number of developed countries, the possible extent of its decline, the ability to compensate for a part of the natural population decline due to the attraction of migration, and various risks associated with increasing migration flows are the subject of active discussion in the scientific community. However, most of the estimates in this discussion are based on the “average” population projections developed by the UN. However, this scenario is calculated based on a fixed and fairly small set of hypotheses and patterns. In the present work, forecast scenarios of the demographic dynamics of developed countries are calculated and analyzed in connection with the dynamics of the birth rate of these countries, as well as the dynamics of migration flows. The main goal of the work is to identify for each country which combination of fertility dynamics and migration dynamics allows it to avoid population decline (and possibly even achieve an increase in population), and which make population decline inevitable.

scholarly journals The Real Winners in Aid for Trade: An Economic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wolf Barham
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Unintended Effects ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
Poverty Levels

Over the past two decades, hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent on official development assistance programs to assist developing countries around the world through the Aid for Trade (AfT) initiative. Although the goal of the AfT initiative is to reduce global poverty levels, there is limited evidence that AfT actually reduces poverty. While positive economic growth linked to AfT programs can be seen in both developed and developing countries, developed countries do not experience the same downfalls of international trade as the least developed countries. This article reviews existing research on the AfT initiative, the winners and losers of such agreements, and the potential policy vehicles that can be used by participating governments and organizations to mitigate the unintended effects of AfT.

Quantification of Vitamin A in Fortified Rapeseed, Groundnut and Soya Oils Using a Simple Portable Device: Comparison to High Performance Liquid Chromatography

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cécile Renaud ◽  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Arnaud Laillou ◽  
Sylvie Avallone
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Assay Precision

Vitamin A deficiency is still one of the major public health problems in least developed countries. Fortification of vegetable oils is a strategy implemented worldwide to prevent this deficiency. For a fortification program to be effective, regular monitoring is necessary to control food quality in the producing units. The reference methods for vitamin A quantification are expensive and time-consuming. A rapid method should be useful for regular assessment of vitamin A in the oil industry. A portable device was compared to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for three plant oils (rapeseed, groundnut, and soya). The device presented a good linearity from 3 to 30 mg retinol equivalents per kg (mg RE.kg- 1). Its limits of detection and quantification were 3 mg RE.kg- 1 for groundnut and rapeseed oils and 4 mg RE.kg- 1 for soya oil. The intra-assay precision ranged from 1.48 % to 3.98 %, considered satisfactory. Accuracy estimated by the root mean squares error ranged from 3.99 to 5.49 and revealed a lower precision than HPLC (0.4 to 2.25). Although it offers less precision than HPLC, the device estimates quickly the vitamin A content of the tested oils from 3 or 4 to 15 mg RE.kg- 1.

Vitamin A: dietologist’s position

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
S. V. Orlova ◽  
E. A. Nikitina ◽  
L. I. Karushina ◽  
Yu. A. Pigaryova ◽  
O. E. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mucous Membranes

Vitamin A (retinol) is one of the key elements for regulating the immune response and controls the division and differentiation of epithelial cells of the mucous membranes of the bronchopulmonary system, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, eyes, etc. Its significance in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic is difficult to overestimate. However, a number of studies conducted in the past have associated the additional intake of vitamin A with an increased risk of developing cancer, as a result of which vitamin A was practically excluded from therapeutic practice in developed countries. Our review highlights the role of vitamin A in maintaining human health and the latest data on its effect on the development mechanisms of somatic pathology.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

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