scholarly journals PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF BLACK WOOD (EBONY) AS A CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengky Satria Yoresta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Strength Class ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heavy Construction

This research is aimed to determine physical and mechanical properties of Ebony wood as a construction material. The physical and mechanical properties test is conducted based on ASTM D 143-94 code. The mean value of moisture content and specific gravity of Ebony wood is obtained 12,90% and 0,92 gr.cm-3 respectively. Meanwhile MOE, bending strength, compressive strength parallel to grain, shear strength, and tensile strength parallel to grain are 180.425,87 kg.cm-2; 1656,22 kg.cm-2; 861,55 kg.cm-2; 119,61 kg.cm-2; dan 2.319,03 kg.cm-2 respectively. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that Ebony wood is classified to Strength Class I due to PKKI 1961, so it can be recommended for use in heavy construction such as bridge and building structures Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu  Ebony sebagai material konstruksi. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis dilakukan berdasarkan standar ASTM D 143-94. -3Nilai kadar air rata-rata kayu Ebony diperoleh sebesar 12,90% dan berat jenis 0,92 gr.cm . Sementara nilai rata-rata MOE, kuat lentur, kuat tekan sejajar serat, kuat geser, dan kuat tarik -2 -2 -2sejajar serat berturut-turut adalah 180.425,87 kg.cm ; 1656,22 kg.cm ; 861,55 kg.cm ; -2 -2119,61 kg.cm ; dan 2.319,03 kg.cm . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kayu Ebony tergolong kelas kuat I menurut PKKI 1961, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk digunakan pada konstruksi-konstruksi berat seperti jembatan dan struktur bangunan.

Analysis of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Backhoe’s Bucket Repairment with Cladding Methode

2020 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Muhammad Hafiz ◽  
Risky Suparyanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Low Carbon

Buckets are the most important component in backhoe construction, the bucket functions as a digger and carrier component in an excavator. Due to the heavy working media of the excavator so that this component is the most easily damaged part, damage that often occurs is wear caused by friction arising so that the thickness of the bucket is reduced which can eventually cause cracks in the bucket and in continuous use can cause the bucket to crack and broken. Cladding method is done to shorten the time or simplify the repair process is to directly patch the damaged part with a welding layer and then do the grading using a grinding. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the material from the cladding process when compared with the raw material, the variations used are raw material, cladding with filler welding, and cladding with plates. The welding process is carried out with GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) and low carbon steel. Welding results will be tested tensile strength, bending strength , impact test, hardness test, chemical composition, and corrosion rate. From the hardness test results showed that the weld metal from plate variation has the highest hardness value of 443 VHN. From the results of tensile testing the basic material has the highest value with 359.08 MPa. From the bending test results the highest value obtained from filler verification with 494.01 Mpa and the highest impact price obtained from the plate variation cladding method with a value of 1.49 J / mm2

scholarly journals Influence of the Main Process Parameters on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of the Bottom Ash Ceramics

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Angjusheva ◽  
Emilija Fidancevska ◽  
Vilma Ducman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Pressing Pressure

Bottom ash has been presented as a major problem of disposal throughout the world, since it is produced from the process of coal combustion in thermal power plants. However, its physical and chemical properties make the bottom ash an adequate potential construction material in variety of applications.The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of utilization of bottom ash for production of ceramics compacts and to analyse the influence of the main process parameters and their interaction on the physical and mechanical properties of the final product. Consolidation of the powders was conducted on two bottom ash samples with particle size (S) -0.250+0.125 mm and -0.500+0.250 mm, pressing pressure (P) of 100 and 150 MPa and sintering temperature (T) of 1100 and 1150 oC. The density (r) and bending strength (s) of the dense bottom ash compacts were the response function. The optimization was performed through implementation of main effect plots, Pareto charts and 3D surface method using “Statgraphics Centurion” software package. The obtained model equations of the density and bending strength dependence from the main process parameters are solid basic data for modeling the process of ceramic production.

scholarly journals Analysis of fly ash from PLTU Asam-Asam as a construction material in terms of its physical and mechanical properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Irfan Prasetia ◽  
M. Fahmi Rizani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pozzolanic Reaction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Replacement Ratio ◽  
Slump Test

Nowadays, PLTU Asam-Asam produced enormous amounts of combustion waste in the form of coal ash. On the contrary, only a little effort has been made to utilize coal ash from PLTU Asam-Asam, especially from the research side. In fact, due to its siliceous material, when reacting with CH in concrete, will form CSH hence improves concrete strength. In this study, in order to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of concrete using fly ash from PLTU Asam-Asam, 54 concrete samples were prepared according to SNI-03-2834-2000. The examination of concrete samples workability was conducted based on the slump test according to SNI 1972:2008. Moreover, the compressive tests were carried out in accordance with SNI 1974:2011. The slump test results show that the pozzolanic reaction of fly ash contributes to the improvement of concrete workability. Furthermore, the variation in w/b ratio was also affecting the results of the slump test. As for the compressive strength, in general speaking, the replacement ratio of 30% of cement with fly ash in concrete could produce concrete strength up to 30 Mpa. It is also important to note that due to the pozzolanic reactions tends to delayed, it is expected that at later ages (above 28 days) concrete with fly ash will gain much more strength compared to ordinary concrete.

Application of Technical Hemp into the Structure of Cement-Chip Boards

2012 ◽  
Vol 587 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Šárka Keprdová ◽  
Jiří Bydžovský ◽  
Tomáš Melichar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
High Price ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Technical Parameters

Cement-chip boards are building elements that combine the advantageous properties of wood and cement. It is this synergistic effect which determines the versatile use in the building industry. The boards can be used in any place where the favourable properties of this construction material can fully be appreciated. The disadvantage of the cement-chip boards remains in their relatively high price. Reduction of the price and possible improvement of physical and mechanical properties can be achieved by partial substitution of the raw materials. The basic ingredients of the cement-chip board include the binding material (cement) and filler (wood). The filling material may be partially replaced by secondary raw materials or completely replaced by other herbal sources, such as technical hemp. As the individual components mutually influence each other and, as their effects may not only be added up (additive effect), but also mutually reinforced (synergistic effect), it is not so easy to determine the optimal recipe as it may seem at first sight. This article deals with the use of technical hemp shives as a replacement of filling component of the cement-chip boards. To evaluate the possibility of future use of the boards in building structures, the physical and mechanical properties were monitored. Special emphasis was placed on tests of flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and volume weight. The mixture must meet the technical parameters related to the cement-chip boards.

Hétérogénéité des aciers de construction et calcul aux états-limites

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-361
Author(s):  
P. Dumonteil
Keyword(s):  
Yield Stress ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stub Column ◽  
Testing Speed

Proceeding from yield stress tests on ductile structural steels, the article studies the various factors influencing the ultimate strength of beams in plastic bending. The influence of the testing speed is briefly reviewed. The heterogeneity with the cross section of rolled shapes is then examined to bring out the fundamental importance of the ratio of flange yield stress to web yield stress. The mean value of this ratio is of the order of 0.87 and its coefficient of variation approximately 0.06.The influence of thickness is studied to show the desirability of systematic testing.The data supplied by AISI surveys permit the investigation of longitudinal heterogeneity and its impact on bending strength test results. It is then shown why tests on redundant beams and frames are more useful than those on determinate beams.Combining the two types of heterogeneities, longitudinal and transversal, the approximate values of the performance factors may be calculated and compared with the values published until now.Finally, the aspect of quality control is examined and some remarks made on stub column tests. The conclusion is offered that, in accordance with logic, test coupons should no longer be taken in the web, but rather in the flanges of rolled shapes.

Structure and properties of compact articles from high-alloyed iron powder with adding of boron nitride

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
B. O. Bolshakov ◽  
◽  
R. F. Galiakbarov ◽  
A. M. Smyslov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Friction Forces ◽  
Wide Range

The results of the research of structure and properties of a composite compact from 13 Cr – 2 Мо and BN powders depending on the concentration of boron nitride are provided. It is shown that adding boron nitride in an amount of more than 2% by weight of the charge mixture leads to the formation of extended grain boundary porosity and finely dispersed BN layers in the structure, which provides a high level of wearing properties of the material. The effect of boron nitride concentration on physical and mechanical properties is determined. It was found that the introduction of a small amount of BN (up to 2 % by weight) into the compacts leads to an increase in plasticity, bending strength, and toughness by reducing the friction forces between the metal powder particles during pressing and a more complete grain boundary diffusion process during sintering. The formation of a regulated structure-phase composition of powder compacts of 13 Cr – 2 Mо – BN when the content of boron nitride changes in them allows us to provide the specified physical and mechanical properties in a wide range. The obtained results of studies of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed material allow us to reasonably choose the necessary composition of the powder compact for sealing structures of the flow part of steam turbines, depending on their operating conditions.

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
Petar Antov ◽  
Viktor Savov ◽  
Ľuboš Krišťák ◽  
Roman Réh ◽  
George I. Mantanis
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Density ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Uf Resin ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
European Standards

The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

scholarly journals Properties of High-Strength Flowable Mortar Reinforced with Palm Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eethar Thanon Dawood ◽  
Mahyuddin Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Toughness Index ◽  
Strength And Toughness

This study was conducted to determine some physical and mechanical properties of high-strength flowable mortar reinforced with different percentages of palm fiber (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 1.6% as volumetric fractions). The density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and toughness index were tested to determine the mechanical properties of this mortar. Test results illustrate that the inclusion of this fiber reduces the density of mortar. The use of 0.6% of palm fiber increases the compressive strength and flexural strength by about 15.1%, and 16%, respectively; besides, the toughness index (I5) of the high-strength flowable mortar has been significantly enhanced by the use of 1% and more of palm fiber.

Study of the Effect of PP and LDPE Thermoplastic Binder Addition on the Mechanical Properties and Physical Properties of Particulate Composites for Building Material Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Hosta Ardhyananta ◽  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Feisha Fadila Rifki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Particulate Composites ◽  
Water Absorbability

Plastic waste is majority an organic material that cannot easily decomposed by bacteria, so it needs to be recycled. One of the utilization of plastic waste recycling is become a mixture in the manufacture of building materials such as concrete, paving block, tiles, roof. This experiment purpose to find out the effect of addition of variation of LDPE and PP thermoplastic binder to physical and mechanical properties of LDPE/PP/Sand composite for construction material application. In this experiment are using many tests, such are SEM, FTIR, compression strength, density, water absorbability, and hardness. the result after the test are the best composition of composite PP/LDPE/sand is 70/0/30 because its have compression strength 14,2 MPa, while density value was 1.30 g/cm3, for the water absorbability is 0.073%, and for the highest hardness is 62.3 hardness of shore D. From the results obtained, composite material can be classified into construction materials for mortar application S type with average compression strength is 12.4 MPa.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of microwave sintered Si3N4-based ceramics

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.I. Getman ◽  
V.V. Holoptsev ◽  
V.V. Panichkina ◽  
I.V. Plotnikov ◽  
V.K. Soolshenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

The mechanical properties and microstructure formation processes in Si3N4+3% AI2O3+5% Y2O3(Yb2O3) ceramic compacts sintered under microwave heating (MWH) and under traditional heating (TH) were investigated. The initial ceramic materials were powder blends of silicon nitride with oxides. The mean powder particle sizes were 0.5-1.0 mim. The content of alfa-phase in the Si3N4 powder was more than 95 %. The samples were sintered at 1800BC in nitrogen at normal pressure, the heating rate in all experiments was 60BC/min. The Vickers hardness (HV), fracture toughness (K1C) and bending strength (on) were determined. The microstructures of fracture surfaces of samples were studied by SEM. Quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out. It was shown that the values of HV and Kic of ceramic samples sintered under MWH at 1800BC rose steadily with the sintering time. This caused an increase in density, which reached maximum as fast as after 30 min of the MWH sintering; the mass loss at that time amounted to 3-4 %. The porosity of sintered samples with an addition of yttria was less than 1 %, that of ytterbia was greater, 2.4 %. For similar values of relative density, the hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic samples produced under MWH were higher as compared with those of samples sintered under TH. The microstructure of samples had the form of elongated grains in a matrix of polyhedral grains of the beta-Si3N4 phase. Measurements showed the mean size of grains in samples produced by MWH to be greater that in samples produced by TH. A larger number of elongated grains were formed. It was concluded that for sintering under MWH of Si3N4-based ceramics the growth of elongated beta-Si3N4 grains and formation of a "reinforced" microstructure were promoted and thereby improved the mechanical properties of such ceramics.

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