A Review on Natural Dyes: Raw Materials, Extraction Process, and their Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayem ANM ◽  
◽  
Ahmed F ◽  
Saha P ◽  
Talukder B ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Fastness Property ◽  
Materials Used

Synthetic dyes and all the processing used in general dyeing is harmful to our health. Dye from natural sources can reduce the risk of synthetic dyes. As indigo has been used for thousands of years for the coloration of textiles as a natural source. This review is aimed at a discussion of different raw materials used for the extraction of natural dyes, the extraction process for different natural dyes, and the properties of fabric dyed by those dyestuffs. Most of the natural dyes showed a very good fastness property in researches. The dyes can be extracted from trees, bark, leaves, flowers, and many more sources. Most of the natural dyes exhibit special properties like anti-microbial, less toxicity, less allergenic, UV protection.

Investigating the Potential Use of Papaya Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes in the Textile Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
Huda F. Maulana ◽  
Nuriaji L. Samudro ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Washing Method ◽  
Solid Liquid

Synthetic dyes are widely used in the majority of the large textile industry. The use of synthetic dyes can cause water pollution from sewage disposal of the textile industry. Some types of synthetic dyes contain heavy metals that are harmful to human health and can damage the environment. With increasing awareness of the current environmental problems, people begin to focus on returning back to natural dyes. These natural dyes can be extracted from various parts of plants, such as leaves, flowers, fruit, wood or stems, and roots. Papaya leaves have the potential to be used as a basic ingredient to make natural dyes due to fairly high chlorophyll content. Therefore, we took the initiative to conduct research on the production of natural dyes from papaya leaf extract. Papaya leaf extract was produced by using a solid-liquid extraction process using two different solvents, ethanol (96%) and n-hexane. From the results of the study, it was found that the most optimum extract results in the extraction process was about 2.20% of the raw material of dried papaya leaves by using ethanol solvent. The prepared cotton cloth was then colored with papaya leaf extract through three simple steps, namely: mordanting, dyeing, and fixation. Fabric staining results then tested its fastness by two methods, namely the rub method and the washing method with soap. From the test results it was found that the fabric which was dyed with papaya leaf extract was not too resistant to fade from rubbing and soap washing. Therefore, further research is needed, such as using other agents during the mordanting and fixation processes.

Investigating the Potential Use of Cassava Leaf Extract as a Natural Coloring Substance for Fabrics

2020 ◽  
Vol 991 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Suharno Rusdi ◽  
M. Yusuf Zakaria ◽  
Rifki N.F. Aditya ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Cotton Cloth ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Color Fastness ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Potential Use

In this modern era, most of the textile industries used synthetic dyes for coloring their fabrics. The reason why most of textile companies use synthetic dyes is that synthetic dyes are easier to obtain, the availability of colors is guaranteed, vast variety of colors, good color fastness. Nevertheless, the use of synthetic dyes in the textile industries has caused environmental problems if the waste not treated properly. Additionally, synthetic dyes commonly contain chemicals which are not good for human health. They can cause cancer, attack the nerves of the brain, etc. Therefore, most of people now focus on using natural dyes as alternative to subtitute synthetic dyes. Nowdays, in Indonesia, naturally-dyed textile products, such as Batik tulis (using natural dyes) has a high market potential as a superior commodity of Indonesian products to enter the international market. Therefore, to develop the use of natural dyes in the textile industries, it is necessary to explore the sources of natural dyes from various potential natural resources in Indonesia. Most of these natural dyes are coming from the plants. Cassava leaf is widely known and used for cooking by the people of Indonesia. Based on the literature, cassava leaf contains natural pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, xanthophyll, carotene, and anthocyanin Based on this, we took the initiative to conduct research to investigate the potential use of cassava leaves extract as natural coloring substance for coloring fabrics. In this research, Cassava leaf extract has been obtained via solid-liquid extraction process using two different solvents, ethanol (96%) and n-hexane. From this study, it was found that the most optimum extract resulted from the extraction process was about 1.67% with ratio of cassava leaves and ethanol solvent of 1:10. This extract was then used for coloring the cotton cloth. After colored, the cloth was then tested for its color fastness by two methods, namely rub method and washing with soap. From the test results, it was found that the fabric dyed with cassava leaf extract was not much able to withstand against rubbing and washing with soap. Based on this result, further research is needed, such as using other agents during the mordanting and fixation processes

scholarly journals EFFECT OF OHMIC HEATING AS A PRE-TREATMENT METHOD FOR BIODIESEL EXTRACTION FROM MICROALGAE

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Sofi'i ◽  
Sumardi Hadi Sumarlan ◽  
Wignyanto Wignyanto ◽  
Bambang Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Cell Density ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ohmic Heating ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Density Treatment

Microalgae are single cell organisms that have the potential to be developed as feedstock for biodiesel oil. One of the problems of using microalgae as feedstock for biodiesel is in the extraction process. Microalgae extraction requires considerable cost. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ohmic heating as a method of pretreatment in microalgae oil extraction. The raw materials used were microalgae paste diluted in two levels cell density, 20 g/L, and 30 g/L. The pretreatment using alternating current (AC) electric with two voltage levels (55 V and 110 V), and the duration of pretreatment was 30 seconds and 60 seconds. The next step was drying and extracting microalgae by solvent extraction method of n-hexane. The results showed that the highest oil yields (14.88%) were obtained by cell density treatment 20 g/L, done for 60 seconds of pretreatment and 110 V voltage. This result was higher than without pretreatment, so the use of pretreatment by ohmic heating can improve extracted oil yield than without pretreatment.

scholarly journals Textile dyeing by dyestuffs of natural origin

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Miodrag Smelcerovic ◽  
Dragan Djordjevic ◽  
Mile Novakovic
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Textile Dyes ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Natural Source ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Textile Dyeing

The textile industry is one of the biggest industrial consumers of water especially dye houses which utilize synthetic dyes and other chemicals. Natural dyes are generally environmental friendly and have many advantages over synthetic dyes with respect to production and application. In recent years, there has been an interest in the application of these dyes due to their bio-degradability and higher compatibility with the environment. A review of previous work in the field of applying dyestuffs of natural source as possible textile dyes is given. From an ecological viewpoint, the substitution of chemical dyes by 'natural products' in textile dyeing may be feasible and may represent not only a strategy to reduce risks and pollutants, but also an opportunity for new markets and new businesses which can develop from the inclusion of ecology in trade policy.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PEWARNA ALAMI UNTUK ALTERNATIF PEWARNA BERBASIS AIR

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
I Ketut Dedi Susiawan . ◽  
Drs.Agus Sudarmawan, M.Si. . ◽  
I Nyoman Rediasa, S.Sn., M.Si .
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Water Based ◽  
The Media ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Brown Color

Pembuatan pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) bahan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air (2) alat yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air (3) proses pembuatan pewarna alami untuk alternatif pewarna berbasis air (4) warna yang dihasilkan dari pewarna alami untuk altenatif pewarna berbasis air pada media kertas. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, pembuatan pewarna alami, dan uji pewarna alami pada media kertas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) bahan alami yang digunakan adalah warna merah dari kembang kertas, warna biru dari bunga telang, warna kuning dari kunyit, warna hijau dari daun suji dan daun katuk, warna cokelat dari buah tinta dan biji kluwak, warna hitam dari arang (2) alat dan bahan yang digunakan adalah cobek dan ulekan, mangkok, saringan, pisau (3) proses pembuatan pewarna alami dengan proses ekstraksi melalui dua tahap yaitu penghalusan bahan dan penyaringan (4) hasil pewarna alami yang diterapkan pada media kertas yaitu bunga kertas menghasilkan warna merah muda, bunga telang menghasilkan warna biru muda, kunyit menghasilkan warna kuning oranye sampai kuning kecokelatan, daun suji menghasikan warna hijau muda, daun katuk menghasilkan warna hijau cerah sampai hijau tua, biji kluwak menghasilkan warna coklat tua, buah tinta menghasilkan warna cokelat tua, arang menghasilkan warna hitam pekat. Kata Kunci : pewarna alami, alternatif pewarna berbasis air The made of natural dyes for alternative dyes on water-based was a research experiment, which aimed at knowing (1) material of nature that could be used as a natural dye to alternative of a water-based, (2) the tool used in the manufacture of natural dyes for alternative of a water-based, (3) the process of making natural dyes for alternative of a water-based, and (4) the color produced from natural dyes for alternatives of a water-based on the media. The research was a descriptive qualitative research. The accumulations data were done by using observation, the creation of a natural dye, and a natural dye on the media. This research result indicated that (1) natural materials used were the red colors of the development of the paper, the blue color of Telang, the yellow color of turmeric, green color from the leaves of Suji. and leaf of Katuk, the brown color of the ink and seeds of Kluwak, black from charcoal, (2) the tools and materials used were mortar and see "ulekan", bowl, sieve, (3) the process of making natural dyes with extraction process through two stages, namely, refining materials and the screening and (4) the results of a natural dye were applied to the media of Bougenvilleproduced the color of pink, Telang produced a navy blue, turmeric produced orange yellow to amber, Suji leaf produced color of green, leaf of Katuk produced green light to dark green vegetables, seeds of Kluwak produced a dark brown color, fruit of ink produced the color of dark brown, charcoal produced the color black.keyword : natural dyes, alternative color.

Feasibility of immobilizing fluorinated pyrochemical reprocessing salts in a glass-ceramic matrix

2004 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Grandjean
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Molten Fluoride ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACTSpent fuel reprocessing by an innovative reductive extraction process in a molten fluoride medium (LiF/AlF3) is now being evaluated; in this hypothesis, all the unrecoverable fission products would be conditioned as fluorides. A preliminary study was undertaken to assess the feasibility of incorporating these fluorides by melting in a glass-ceramic matrix. The containment matrix for the fluorinated waste stream was selected after examining the consequences of fluorinated compounds on the vitreous state and on the physical and chemical properties of the melt and the solidified glass. The presence of fluorinated compounds in the raw materials used to produce the vitreous material raises the problem of the volatility of some fluorides, of their solubility in the melt, and of possible crystallization of the material.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Dyes and Appliance on Silk by Using Metamordating Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Bushra Shamsheer ◽  
Tahira Aziz Mughal ◽  
Zubaida Yousaf ◽  
Nadia Riaz ◽  
Arusa Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Ficus Benghalensis ◽  
Ziziphus Jujube ◽  
Harmful Effects

The main idea of extracting dyes from plant (natural) sources is to avoid the environmental pollution. Natural dye from plants has been given much interest in recent years due to the threat and harmful effects are used by synthetic dyes and environmental awareness created by researchers. The drawback of synthetic dyes is that they are not durable as they do not completely fix on all kind of fabric and remaining dyestuff drained into rivers, becoming the cause of water pollution as well as they cause diseases in human being like cancer and allergies. On the other hand, natural dyes are eco-friendly and find use in the colouring of textiles, drugs and cosmetics etc. Owing to their non-toxic effects, they are also even used for colouring various food products. Mordents are used in natural dyes which enhance the colour of dye and stick it on fabric. Due to lack of availability of precise technical knowledge on the extracting and dyeing technique, it has not commercially succeeded like the synthetic dyes. Hence, the present study was planned to isolate eco-friendly dyes from the bark of the plants (Ziziphus jujube Mill., Albizialebbeck L., Cordia dichotoma G Forst., Ficus benghalensis L. and Cassia fistula L.) and the roots of Ficus benghalensis L. Later on the dyes were applied on silk fabric by using metamordating technique. Then fastness properties like rubbing, heating, washing and sunlight were evaluated by using gray scale. F. benghalensis showed excellent fastness properties. Z. jujube showed series of colour variations on silk. Therefore, the bark and root of these plants can be successfully used for dyeing of silk. Natural dyes worldwide should be increased to prevent us from pollution and other harmful effects.    

scholarly journals Study of K/S, Anti-bacterial, UV-protection, Anti-odor and SEM on Chemical Treated Cotton Fabrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155892501701200
Author(s):  
J. Jeyakodi Moses ◽  
V.K. Venkataraman
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Cotton Fabric ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Uv Protection ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Fastness Properties ◽  
Stain Resistance ◽  
Sem Study

In this research work cotton fabrics were treated with sodium hydroxide, morpholine and cellulase enzyme. The treated fabrics were then dyed with some selected natural dyes such as annatto, onion, pomegranate, indigo, myrobalan, bar berry; and synthetic dyes such as reactive and sulphur dyes. These treated samples were tested for their dyeing characteristics (K/S value, fastness properties, washing, light, rubbing and stain resistance), antibacterial, uv-protection, anti-odor behaviors and SEM study. Among the treated fabrics, sodium hydroxide treated cotton fabric exhibited the best properties.

scholarly journals Microencapsulation of three natural dyes from butterfly pea, Sappan wood, and turmeric extracts and their mixture base oncyan, magenta, yellow (CMY) color concept

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Musdalifa ◽  
Muthia Chairany ◽  
Nur Haliza ◽  
Februadi Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
Wood Extracts ◽  
Butterfly Pea ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Carboxy Methyl

Synthetic dyes in food can cause severe problems for health, so they need to be replaced by natural dyes. However, natural dyes are unstable, and encapsulation is one way to maintain the stability of natural dyes. This study was conducted to determine the best microencapsulation coating, storage stability, and color variations produced by butterfly pea, sappan wood, and turmeric extracts. The coating materials used were maltodextrin, carrageenan, and carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) using the following formulations: 85% maltodextrin and 15% carrageenan (formula A) and 90% maltodextrin and 10% carrageenan (formula B) for coating butterfly pea and sappan wood extracts. Turmeric extracts were coating using 85% maltodextrin and 15% carrageenan (formula A) and 75% CMC and 25% starch (formula C). The encapsulation with maltodextrin (90%) and carrageenan (10%) was the best of encapsulation formula for butterfly pea and sappan wood extract. However, the encapsulation with maltodextrin (85%) and carrageenan (15%) was the best of encapsulation formula for turmeric extract. The green color was obtained from mixing butterfly pea and turmeric dyes in 1:4 ratio, purple from mixing butterfly pea and sappandyes in 1:8 ratio, and orange from mixing turmeric and sappan dyes in 1:2 ratio.

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