scholarly journals STRATEGIES, TACTICS AND TECHNIQUES IN SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETING: DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN THE TERMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
Сергей Александрович Колосов ◽  
Юлия Андреевна Бабаева
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
General Category ◽  
Hierarchical Approach ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Translation Technique

Предлагается иерархическая структура, устанавливающая взаимосвязи между понятиями стратегия, тактика и приём в контексте синхронного перевода. Стратегия как наиболее общее понятие соотносится с коммуникативной ситуацией перевода, тактика - с вербально-когнитивными процессами, а приёмы - с преобразованиями на уровне языковой и дискурсивной формы. The paper proposes a hierarchical approach to differentiating between the concepts of translation strategy, translation tactic and translation technique in the context of simultaneous interpreting. Strategy as the most general category is related to and conditioned by the communicative situation at large; tactics correlate with verbal cognitive processes; techniques facilitate appropriate transformation of language and discourse form.

scholarly journals Procesos educativos vivenciados en la práctica social mecánica de bicicleta (Educational processes experienced in the social mechanical bicycle practice)

Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Leandro Dri Manfiolete Troncoso ◽  
Sandra Soledad Troncoso Robles Dri Manfiolete ◽  
Sergio Alejandro Toro-Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
General Category ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Educational Processes ◽  
4E Cognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epistemic Approach ◽  
Teaching Learning

El objetivo de esa investigación es comprender los procesos educativos vivenciados en la práctica social mecánica de bicicleta. Fue empleado el abordaje fenomenológico epistémico 4E Cognition de los procesos cognitivos encarnados, situados, extendidos y enactivos. Para los procedimientos metodológicos, entrevistamos seis mecánicos de bicicleta latinoamericanos teniendo como criterios de inclusión el trabajo formal o informal con mecánica de bicicleta, la experiencia con ciclismo utilitario, deportivo o recreativo y acciones político-pedagógicas cicloactivistas. En el análisis discursivo, emergieran las unidades de significado: a) Enseñanza-aprendizaje laboral; b) Influencia tecnológica en el ciclismo; c) Salud y cuidado al pedalear que sustentan la categoría general “Mecánica de bicicleta como proceso cognitivo-educativo”. Consideramos la práctica social mecánica de bicicleta fundamental para el fenómeno bicicultura con efectos directos a la realidad ciudadana con la promoción de procesos educativos para la movilidad urbana.  Abstract: The objective of this research is to understand educational processes experienced in the social mechanical practice of bicycle. The 4E Cognition phenomenological epistemic approach, which focuses on embodied, situated, extended, and enactive cognitive processes. As a methodological procedure, six Latin-Americans bicycle mechanics were interviewed. Inclusion/exclusion criteria were as follows: previous formal or informal work in bicycle mechanics, experience with utilitarian, sport, or recreational cycling, and cycloactivist political-pedagogical actions. In the analysis of the discourse, the following units of meaning emerged: a) Work teaching-learning; b) Technological influences on cycling; c) Health and care when pedaling; these units form the general category  "Bicycle mechanics as a cognitive-educational process". We consider social mechanical bicycle practice as a fundamental bicycle culture phenomenon having direct effects on citizen's life as it promotes educational processes for urban mobility.

scholarly journals Searching for Evidence of Gile’s Effort Models in Retrospective Protocols of Trainee Simultaneous Interpreters

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (42) ◽  
pp. 17-39
Author(s):  
Ewa Gumul
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Capacity Management ◽  
Resources Allocation ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Processing Capacity ◽  
Product Analysis ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Attentional Resources

The aim of this study is to find empirical evidence for Gile’s Effort Models through retrospection. The main objective is to investigate simultaneous interpreting trainees’ perception of the cognitive processes underlying the SI task, their decision-making process when faced with increased cognitive load and processing capacity saturation, as well as their coping mechanisms under the constraints of constant requirement of attentional resources allocation. The study triangulates process analysis (retrospective protocols) with product analysis (manual comparison of source and target texts). The corpus of the study consists of about 75 hours of recordings of 240 interpreting outputs in both directions of interpreting (Polish-English and English-Polish) and the recordings of retrospective protocols (5,005 remarks). The analysed retrospective comments provide evidence of the conflicting efforts and problems with processing capacity management described by Gile. The total of 531 verbalisations refer to the aspects related to Gile’s Effort Models and 108 out of 120 interpreters participating in this experiment made at least one remark reporting them, which clearly confirms Gile’s observations about the nature of the simultaneous interpreting process.

scholarly journals Gaze and eye movement in dialogue interpreting: An eye-tracking study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Tiselius ◽  
Kayle Sneed
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Effort ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Averted Gaze

AbstractPrevious studies have investigated the cognitive processes of simultaneous interpreting and translation using eye-tracking. No study has yet utilized eye-tracking to investigate cognitive load and cognitive effort in dialogue interpreting. An eye-tracking study was conducted on two groups of interpreters (experienced and inexperienced) with varying language backgrounds during a staged dialogue interpreting session. The aim of the study was to explore gaze patterns in dialogue interpreting in relation to the interpreters’ action and translation direction. The results indicated there were differences in gaze patterns depending on the action and the language used. Participants averted gaze more when interpreting into the allophone language (the L2 for a majority of the participants in this study). This may indicate that interpreting into L2 in a dialogue may involve more cognitive effort than interpreting into L1. Finally, gaze patterns did not differ significantly between inexperienced and experienced dialogue interpreters.

scholarly journals DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION, TRANSLATION STRATEGY, TRANSLATION PROCEDURE, TRANSLATION METHOD, TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE, TRANSLATION TRANSFORMATION

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 473-485
Author(s):  
Corina Iordan
Keyword(s):  
Translation Method ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Many ◽  
Means Of Transmission ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Translation Procedure

In modern linguistics, one of the current topics is the study of the relationships between languages, as one of the main means of transmission of meanings and the socio-cultural reality. Among the many challenges studied by the modern linguistics, an important place is the study of the linguistic aspects of cross-language speech activity, which is called «translation» or «translation activity». It is through the translation, we have access to the systems of meanings of other cultures, which with the help of translators acquire its interpretation. Translation implies a correct and clear rendering of what is expressed in one language by means of another language. Within the field of translation theory, certain notions have been researched from a wide range of perspectives and have been assigned a multitude of labels. Due to the confusing use of concepts and terms, we aim to present and define the most important ones, with which the translation theory operates, such as: translation procedure, translation strategy, translation method, translation technique and translation transformation. Also, in this paper, we discuss the types of translation, its purposes and the difficulties that translators encounter in the process of translation.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

A cognitive approach to cumulative technological culture is useful and necessary but only if it also applies to other species

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaud Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Technological Culture ◽  
Social Learning Processes

Abstract The debate on cumulative technological culture (CTC) is dominated by social-learning discussions, at the expense of other cognitive processes, leading to flawed circular arguments. I welcome the authors' approach to decouple CTC from social-learning processes without minimizing their impact. Yet, this model will only be informative to understand the evolution of CTC if tested in other cultural species.

Reaction Time and Brain Waves in Omitted Stimulus Tasks

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Hernández ◽  
Muriel Vogel-Sprott
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Cognitive Component ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Somatosensory Stimuli

A missing stimulus task requires an immediate response to the omission of a regular recurrent stimulus. The task evokes a subclass of event-related potential known as omitted stimulus potential (OSP), which reflects some cognitive processes such as expectancy. The behavioral response to a missing stimulus is referred to as omitted stimulus reaction time (RT). This total RT measure is known to include cognitive and motor components. The cognitive component (premotor RT) is measured by the time from the missing stimulus until the onset of motor action. The motor RT component is measured by the time from the onset of muscle action until the completion of the response. Previous research showed that RT is faster to auditory than to visual stimuli, and that the premotor of RT to a missing auditory stimulus is correlated with the duration of an OSP. Although this observation suggests that similar cognitive processes might underlie these two measures, no research has tested this possibility. If similar cognitive processes are involved in the premotor RT and OSP duration, these two measures should be correlated in visual and somatosensory modalities, and the premotor RT to missing auditory stimuli should be fastest. This hypothesis was tested in 17 young male volunteers who performed a missing stimulus task, who were presented with trains of auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli and the OSP and RT measures were recorded. The results showed that premotor RT and OSP duration were consistently related, and that both measures were shorter with respect to auditory stimuli than to visual or somatosensory stimuli. This provides the first evidence that the premotor RT is related to an attribute of the OSP in all three sensory modalities.

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

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