scholarly journals A Nonspecific Approach to Metacognitive Experiences: The Experimental Study of Control Sense and Confidence in Giving a Correct Answer

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
M. A. Rasskazova ◽  
◽  
A. K. Kulieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insufficient Sensitivity ◽  
Metacognitive Experiences

There are specific and nonspecific approaches to explaining diversity of metacognitive experiences in psychological testing. The study is concerned with verification of the effects of a nonspecific approach, according to which there is a nonspecific signal about the success of task performance behind metacognitive experiences. Unidirectional changes in experiencing confidence and control sense were expected to be revealed. The findings showed that correct answers were given with more confidence than wrong ones, confident correct answers were given faster than unconfident correct ones, straightforward cases were handled with a high level of confidence and more sense of control if long time was given to think them over. The study failed in demonstrating unidirectional character of control sense and confidence in other conditions, which can be explained by insufficient sensitivity of the technique chosen to measure control sense.

scholarly journals Homo faber or homo credente? What defines humans, and what could Homo naledi contribute to this debate?

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev L. Tönsing
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Max Frisch ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Homo Faber ◽  
And Control

The transition from pre-human to human has, for a long time, been associated with tool use and construction. The implicit self-definition of humans in this is that of planned control over life world. This is reflected on in the work of Hanna Arendt on the homo faber and the novel by Max Frisch of that name. However, this definition has become problematic in a number of ways: Planned tool use has been seen to occur outside the human species, and the focus on control of the environment has become suspect because of the environmental crisis. The burial practices of Homo naledi indicate high-level self-awareness and social communication, with little tool use being evident. This article asks whether this might be an occasion to redefine our conception of what it means to be human away from the focus on mastery and control and towards including trust, also religious trust, as the true mark of humanity.

Man-Machine Communication in Computer-Aided Teleoperator Control Systems

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yee-Yeen Chu ◽  
William H. Crooks
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Remote Manipulation ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Machine Communication ◽  
Operator Control ◽  
And Control

Automated Remote Manipulation is a prime example of a new type of man-machine interaction in which the human operator must supervise and control a complex and often adaptive man-computer system. Computerized control offers the possibilities of improved performance speed and reduced operator work loads with teleoperator systems. Computers can be used at various levels of control, ranging from control augmentation, where the computer performs difficult coordinate transformations which simplify operator control requirements, through complete autonomy in which the computer performs all of the required activities with no intervention by the operator. However, with the introduction of computer-based control techniques, the communication between the operator and the teleoperator becomes an important determinant of work system performance. Rather than controlling directly every action of the manipulator, the operator of a computer-controlled manipulator plans the tasks, commands goal-directed actions, monitors task performance, and intervenes when appropriate. This paper describes an analytical and experimental study conducted by Perceptronics to investigate the effectiveness of command language structures and the methods for providing feedback information through the use of sensors and displays. The study showed that computer aiding can significantly decrease task performance time for a number of teleoperator tasks. The results also indicated that if high-level computer aiding schemes are to be effective, the design of interface and feedback display must be carefully performed to achieve simple and natural man-machine communication.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Penerimaan Dan Mutasi Barang Pada PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja

Sensi Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-246
Author(s):  
Ilamsyah Ilamsyah ◽  
Yulianto Yulianto ◽  
Tri Vita Febriani
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Visual Modeling ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control ◽  
Web Based System ◽  
The Web

The right and appropriate system of receiving and transferring goods is needed by the company. In the process of receiving and transferring goods from the central warehouse to the branch warehouse at PDAM Tirta Kerta Raharja, Tangerang Regency, which is currently done manually is still ineffective and inaccurate because the Head of Subdivision uses receipt documents, namely PPBP and mutation of goods, namely MPPW in the form of paper as a submission media. The Head of Subdivision enters the data of receipt and mutation of goods manually and requires a relatively long time because at the time of demand for the transfer of goods the Head of Subdivision must check the inventory of goods in the central warehouse first. Therefore, it is necessary to hold a design of information systems for the receipt and transfer of goods from the central warehouse to a web-based branch warehouse that is already database so that it is more effective, efficient and accurate. With the web-based system of receiving and transferring goods that are already datatabed, it can facilitate the Head of Subdivision in inputing data on the receipt and transfer of goods and control of stock inventory so that the Sub Head of Subdivision can do it periodically to make it more effective, efficient and accurate. The method of data collection is done by observing, interviewing and studying literature from various previous studies, while the system analysis method uses the Waterfall method which aims to solve a problem and uses design methods with visual modeling that is object oriented with UML while programming using PHP and MySQL as a database.

To the memory of the geobotanist. Leonid E. Rodin (to the 100th anniversary of his birthday)

2007 ◽  
pp. 106-107
Author(s):  
B. K. Gannibal
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
State University ◽  
Botanical Institute ◽  
Komarov Botanical Institute ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level

Leonid Efimovich Rodin (1907-1990) was a graduate of Leningrad state University. To him, the future is known geobotanica, happened to a course in Botanical geography is still at the N. A. Bush. His teachers were also A. P. Shennikov and A. A. Korchagin, who subsequently headed related Department of geobotany and Botanical geography of Leningrad state University. This was the first school scientist. And since the beginning of the 30s of XX century and until the end of life L. E. was an employee of the Department of geobotany of the Komarov Botanical Institute (RAS), where long time worked together with E. M. Lavrenko, V. B. Sochava, B. A. Tikhomirov, V. D. Alexandrova and many other high-level professionals, first continuing to learn and gain experience, then defining the direction of development of geobotany in the Institute and the country as a whole.

Non-Communicable Diseases and Global Health Politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 626-659
Author(s):  
Roger Magnusson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes, are responsible for around 70 percent of global deaths each year. This chapter describes how NCDs have become prevalent and critically evaluates global efforts to address NCDs and their risk factors, with a particular focus on the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations (UN) system. It explores the factors that have prevented those addressing NCDs from achieving access to resources and a priority commensurate with their impact on people’s lives. The chapter evaluates the global response to NCDs both prior to and since the UN High-Level Meeting on Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, held in 2011, and considers opportunities for strengthening that response in future.

scholarly journals Boundaryless working hours and recovery in Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Vieten ◽  
Anne Marit Wöhrmann ◽  
Alexandra Michel
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Psychological Detachment ◽  
Representative Study ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Recovery Experiences ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extended Work

Abstract Objective Due to recent trends such as globalization and digitalization, more and more employees tend to have flexible working time arrangements, including boundaryless working hours. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships of various aspects of boundaryless working hours (overtime, Sunday work, and extended work availability) with employees’ state of recovery. Besides, we examined the mediating and moderating role of recovery experiences (psychological detachment, relaxation, mastery, and control) in these relationships. Methods We used data from 8586 employees (48% women; average age of 48 years) who took part in the 2017 BAuA-Working Time Survey, a representative study of the German working population. Regression analyses were conducted to test main effects as well as mediation and moderation. Results Overtime work, Sunday work, and extended work availability were negatively related to state of recovery. Psychological detachment mediated these relationships. Furthermore, we found that relaxation and control mediated the association between extended work availability and state of recovery. However, no relevant moderating effects were found. Conclusions Altogether, our findings indicate that various aspects of boundaryless working hours pose a risk to employees’ state of recovery and that especially psychological detachment is a potential mechanism in these relationships. In addition, the results suggest that a high level of recovery experiences cannot attenuate these negative relationships in leisure time. Therefore, employers and employees alike should try to avoid or minimize boundaryless working hours.

scholarly journals The Use of Fitness Testing to Predict Occupational Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7480
Author(s):  
Robin Orr ◽  
Takato Sakurai ◽  
Jordan Scott ◽  
Jason Movshovich ◽  
J. Jay Dawes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Fitness Testing ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
High Level ◽  
Occupational Task

Tactical personnel work in an occupation that involves tasks requiring a high level of cardiovascular fitness as well as muscular strength and endurance. The aim of this literature review was to identify and critique studies investigating the relationship between physical fitness, quantified by fitness assessment measures, and occupational task performance. Databases were searched for relevant articles which assessed a fitness measure and a measure of occupational performance. A total of 15 articles were included and were deemed to be of acceptable methodological quality (8.4/12 on the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist). Included articles assessed a variety of fitness attributes and occupational tasks. Across tactical groups, there appear to be no standardized fitness tests that can determine occupational performance, with aerobic fitness, anaerobic fitness, strength, endurance, power, and agility all being associated with occupational task performance. A wide range of fitness assessments appears to be required to predict occupational performance within tactical personnel. Efforts should be made to base fitness assessments on occupational demands unique to both the environment and requirements of each individual tactical unit.

scholarly journals Corticobasal Degeneration Misdiagnosed As Musculoskeletal Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis of Higher-Level Gait Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 640-642
Author(s):  
Halil Onder
Keyword(s):  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Gait Abnormality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level

AbstractGait disorders are common in the elderly as there are various causes of neurological and non-neurological conditions. On the other hand, most of the gait parameters do change with advancing age which is identified as age-related physiological changes in gait. At this point, the discrimination between age-related physiological changes and gait disorders may be strictly challenging. After identifying gait as an abnormal pattern, classification of it and making the responsible pathophysiology also require high-level expertise in this regard. Herein, we present a rare patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who had admitted initially due to complaints of gait problems. Over a long time, the patient had received the misdiagnosis of gait abnormality due to musculoskeletal problems by multiple physicians. However, the detailed neurological exam showed a higher level gait disorder (HLGD). Further investigations at this point yielded the diagnosis of CBD.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of coxsackievirus A16 circulating in children in Beijing, China from 2010 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Fang Hu ◽  
Li-Ping Jia ◽  
Fang-Yuan Yu ◽  
Li-Ying Liu ◽  
Qin-Wei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Evolutionary Rate ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Coxsackievirus A16 ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) is one of the major etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). This study aimed to investigate the molecular epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16. Methods Throat swabs were collected from children with HFMD and suspected HFMD during 2010–2019. Enteroviruses (EVs) were detected and typed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and RT-PCR. The genotype, evolutionary rate, the most recent common ancestor, population dynamics and selection pressure of CVA16 were analyzed based on viral protein gene (VP1) by bioinformatics software. Results A total of 4709 throat swabs were screened. EVs were detected in 3180 samples and 814 were CVA16 positive. More than 81% of CVA16-positive children were under 5 years old. The prevalence of CVA16 showed obvious periodic fluctuations with a high level during 2010–2012 followed by an apparent decline during 2013–2017. However, the activities of CVA16 increased gradually during 2018–2019. All the Beijing CVA16 strains belonged to sub-genotype B1, and B1b was the dominant strain. One B1c strain was detected in Beijing for the first time in 2016. The estimated mean evolutionary rate of VP1 gene was 4.49 × 10–3 substitution/site/year. Methionine gradually fixed at site-23 of VP1 since 2012. Two sites were detected under episodic positive selection, one of which (site-223) located in neutralizing linear epitope PEP71. Conclusions The dominant strains of CVA16 belonged to clade B1b and evolved in a fast evolutionary rate during 2010–2019 in Beijing. To provide more favorable data for HFMD prevention and control, it is necessary to keep attention on molecular epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of CVA16.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study on the Sources of Strontium in Mineral Water and General Rules of Its Dissolution—A Case Study of Chengde, Hebei

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 699
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Wang ◽  
Xiong Wu ◽  
Yanliang Zhai ◽  
Yuxuan Su ◽  
Chenhui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Surrounding Rock ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Leaching Experiment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Impact Experiments

Chengde City boasts a wealth of high-quality mineral water resources characterized by a high level of strontium (Sr), a low level of sodium, and low alkalinity. In order to study the mechanism of formation of Sr-bearing mineral water in Chengde and to scientifically guide future mineral water exploration, taking three typical mineral water exploration areas in Chengde as examples, this paper studies the sources of Sr in mineral water and the general rules of its dissolution via a laboratory static leaching experiment and impact experiments, and it provides an analysis of the characteristics of typical rock samples. The research results indicate that the content of Sr in surrounding rock and the characteristics of minerals existing in surrounding rock jointly control the dissolution of Sr in water; that CO2 can promote the formation of mineral water containing Sr; and that temperature increases may boost the dissolution of Sr from carbonate minerals but also inhibit the dissolution of Sr from silicate minerals.

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