scholarly journals Researching Oral Production Skills of Young Learners

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-166
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szpotowicz
Keyword(s):  
National Curriculum ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Oral Test ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Oral Interaction ◽  
Almost All

This chapter focuses on the development of young learners’ ability to communicate in a foreign language. An empirical study was carried out to determine whether, after four years of learning English as a compulsory school subject, children are ready to engage in oral interaction in a semicontrolled task and produce answers and questions in English. A convenience sample of ten-year-old children was selected from 180 participants in ELLiE2 in Poland. Six learners from one class of each of seven schools were selected on the basis of teachers’ reports to ensure equal proportions of learners with low, medium and high ability. Schools were chosen to represent different socio-economic milieux. The results of the Year Four oral test (an interactive task) showed that almost all the participating childrencould  respond to questions but only half were able to ask questions. Considering generally positive attitudes to speaking activities, the results suggest that ten-year-old children are already developing their interactive skills and could benefit from more interaction-focused classroom activities. Further experimental classroom-based studies are necessary to gain better insight into potential oral achievements in this age group. The results are discussed in the context of national curriculum requirements, drawing on the Common European Framework of Reference level descriptors.

scholarly journals The effects of written input on young EFL learners’ oral output

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mónica Amores Sánchez ◽  
Elisabet Pladevall Ballester
Keyword(s):  
Oral Language ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Production ◽  
Young Learners ◽  
Oral Test ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Write To Learn ◽  
Experimental Group

The present paper explores whether the incentive of written input affects oral language development of young learners of English in a minimal input situation. After an eight-week instruction period with both written and oral input in the experimental group and just oral input in the control group, data were obtained by means of an oral test consisting of question and answer, picture description and L1 translation tasks. The effects on the learners’ oral output were measured with respect to the number of target words, semanticpragmatic appropriateness, syntactic acceptability and L1 translation. The experimental group shows higher scores in all variables tested and a number of significant differences emerge with respect to the control group. These results are in line with studies conducted with other learner populations which suggest that students should write to learn and indicate that young learners’ oral proficiency is benefitted from integrating written language with oral production.

Nursing professionals’ attitudes toward use of physical restraints in Styrian nursing homes Austria

Pflege ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Tanja Trummer ◽  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Éva Rásky ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Physical Restraint ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Physical Restraints ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Nursing Professionals

Abstract. Background: Given that nursing staff play a critical role in the decision regarding use of physical restraints, research has examined nursing professionals’ attitudes toward this practice. Aim: Since nursing professionals’ views on physical restraint use have not yet been examined in Austria to date, we aimed to explore nursing professionals’ attitudes concerning use of physical restraints in nursing homes of Styria (Austria). Method: Data were collected from a convenience sample of nursing professionals (N = 355) within 19 Styrian nursing homes, based on a cross-sectional study design. Attitudes toward the practice of restraint use were assessed by means of the Maastricht Attitude Questionnaire in the German version. Results: The overall results showed rather positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints, yet the findings regarding the sub-dimensions of the questionnaire were mixed. Although nursing professionals tended to deny “good reasons” for using physical restraints, they evaluated the consequences of physical restraint use rather positive and considered restraint use as an appropriate health care practice. Nursing professionals’ views regarding the consequences of using specific physical restraints further showed that belts were considered as the most restricting and discomforting devices. Conclusions: Overall, Austrian nursing professionals seemed to hold more positive attitudes toward the use of physical restraints than counterparts in other Western European countries. Future nationwide large-scale surveys will be needed to confirm our findings.

Attitude and Acceptability of the Self-Sampling in HPV Carrier Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 154041532110015
Author(s):  
Gloria Maricela Guerra Rodríguez ◽  
Octavio Augusto Olivares Ornelas ◽  
Héctor Manuel Gil Vázquez ◽  
Dalia Sarahí Silguero Esquivel ◽  
Jane Dimmitt Champion
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Multiple Strains ◽  
Cancer Multiple

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a primary cause of cervical cancer. Multiple strains of HPV lead to cervical intraepithelial injuries that later progress to cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess attitudes toward and acceptability of self-sampling among Mexican women who have HPV. Methods: The descriptive, cross-sectional design included a convenience sample of Mexican women with a previous diagnosis of cervical dysplasia. Results: Women ( n = 61) were young adults ( M = 27 years, SD = 6.92) reporting single marital status (55%) and sexually active (93%). Mean age at onset of sexual activity was 17 years; a majority of women (78.8%) had more than one sexual partner in their lifetime with 56.6% reporting between two and five partners. All (100%) of the women indicated that they would “choose self-sampling for HPV detection” and would recommend it to other women. Concerning “attitudes toward HPV,” the women responded that it is necessary to comply with HPV treatment and understand that preventative measures can avoid HPV transmission. Conclusion: Women reported high acceptability for self-sampling and positive attitudes toward HPV diagnostic procedures. Women indicated substantial interest in learning more about HPV, its transmission, preventive measures, routine testing, and recommended self-sampling for HPV detection.

scholarly journals “I start learning English through speaking”: Social agency demand and inter-school readiness for Indonesian young English learners

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Sri Setyarini ◽  
Bachrudin Musthafa ◽  
Ahmad Bukhori Muslim
Keyword(s):  
School Readiness ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
English Language ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
School Level ◽  
Social Agency ◽  
Young Learners

Preserving Indonesian as a national identity and institutional readiness to perform the national curriculum 2013 instruction has become a critical factor in the exclusion of English as a compulsory subject at the elementary school level. This leaves rooms for teachers’ confusion and creativity, leading to various practices at different school clusters, depending on parental demands and school readiness. This study thus tries to cast light on the social agency demand and inter-school readiness for young learners in the Indonesian EFL pedagogical contexts. This instrumental case study portrays the practices of English language teaching at three clusters of Indonesian primary schools; local, national, and independent, as well as responses of parents and students to these practices. Involving 4-6 grade students and English teachers of six primary schools, the data were garnered through classroom observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings revealed that although teaching English to young learners is somehow communicative and fun, it more emphasises  literacy skills (reading, writing, and grammar), particularly at local schools as the majority cluster across the country. Since English is a non-phonetic language, this literacy-focused practice is rather contradictory to what parents as social agencies expect, that is, to develop their children’s English oral proficiency. The study also offers ways by which teachers and schools can accommodate this social agency’s needs for speaking skills by focusing more on student-centred and oral English proficiency activities and assessment.

scholarly journals ENGLISH LANGUAGE IMMERSION BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

Sarwahita ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 140-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusup Supriyono ◽  
Nita Sari Narulita Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
English Language ◽  
Portfolio Assessment ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Language Immersion ◽  
School Level ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
Young Learners

ABSTRACT: Early English mastery for children is very urgent considering Indonesia has an important position in the world's interests, both economically, socially, culturally and politically. Therefore, the global communication capability is one of the national agenda which is affixed to the national curriculum which must be studied from elementary level to university. Local Language Wisdom Immersion approach based on Local Wisdom comes as an effort to face the challenge. The targets of this program are young learners, ranging in age from 10-12 years old, who sit at the elementary school level. Learners learn English using a mix of local and international content, enabling cross-cultural learning, and learning patterns using second language acquisition. Furthermore, the portfolio assessment is used for assessment, including test, questionnaire, observation, and documents. The advantages of English language immersion based on local wisdom, ie learners in addition to mastering basic English, they are also prepared psychologically, socially and culturally. Their future hopes will be the future of national communications capabilities of global communications capabilities.   ABSTRAK: Penguasan bahasa Inggris sejak dini menjadi sangat urgen mengingat Indonesia memiliki posisi penting dalam pencaturan kepentingan dunia, baik secara ekonomi, social, budaya maupun politik. Oleh karena itu, kemampuan komunikasi global menjadi salah satu agenda nasional yang dibubuhkan menjadi kurikulum nasional yang harus dipelajari mulai tingkat dasar sampai perguruan tinggi. Pendekatan English Language Immersion berbasis Kearifan lokal hadir sebagai upaya menghadapi tantang tersebut. Sasaran program ini adalah pebelajar muda (English young learners), dengan rentang usia 10-12 tahun, yang duduk ditingkat sekolah dasar. Peserta didik belajar bahasa Inggris dengan menggunakan perpaduan konten lokal dan internasional, sehingga memungkinkan akan adanya belajar lintas budaya, dan pola-pola belajar menggunakan teori pemerolehan bahasa kedua (Second language acquisition). Selanjutnya portfolio assessment digunakan untuk melihat kemampuan, kinerja dan prestasi yang terukur dengan menggunakan alat assessmen, diantaranya test, kuesioner, observasi, dan dokumen. Kelebihan dari English language immersion berbasis kearifan lokal, yaitu peserta didik disamping dapat menguasai bahasa Inggris dasar, mereka juga dipersiapkan secara psikologis, sosial dan budaya. Harapan kedepan mereka akan menjadi duta bangsa di masa depan yang akan menyampaikan pesan kepada dunia bahwa bangsa Indonsia adalah bangsa yang besar yang memiki keunggulan-keunggulan lokal yang dapat dinilai secara ekonomi maupun politik yang patut dibanggakan ditingkat dunia melalui kemampuan komunikasi global yang mereka kuasai.

scholarly journals Attitudes Of Transplant Nurses Toward Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olesya Kolisnyk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Positive Attitudes

Nurses may have an important role in supporting patients' decision making about their participation in clinical trials. Nurses' views about clinical trials and patients' understanding of the clinical trial process may shape the role nurses play in these trials. Little is known about transplant nurses' attitudes and beliefs toward clinical trials. This quantitative study employed a survey method involving a convenience sample of transplant nurses (n=39) in an urban hospital in Southern Ontario to describe attitudes and beliefs of transplant nurses toward clinical trials. The results indicated that transplant nurses had positive attitudes and beliefs toward clinical trials. Specifically, outpatient coordinators and older nurses were more positive in their attitudes. Nurses perceived transplant patients were knowledgeable about clinical trials. The majority of nurses (85%) engaged in the conduct of clinical trials. Transplant nurses also suggested educational, administrative and financial support as beneficial to further enhance their participation in these trials.

Nurses with disabilities: a pilot test of the Nurses’ Attitudes toward Nurses with Disabilities Scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Matt
Keyword(s):  
Registered Nurses ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Hospital Nursing ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

The aims of this pilot study were to describe registered nurses’ attitudes toward nurses with disabilities in the hospital nursing work force, explore factors contributing to these attitudes and explore the concept of disability climate in the hospital workplace. The web-based 37-item Nurses’ Attitudes toward Nurses with Disabilities Scale (NANDS) was administered to a convenience sample of 131 registered nurses working in three urban tertiary care hospitals. Respondents with experience caring for patients with disabilities indicated a significantly more positive perception of accessibility in the workplace and more positive attitudes toward the capability of nurses with disabilities than those without patient exposure. Respondents with higher levels of education indicated a higher level of Americans with Disabilities Act awareness. The disability climate was significantly more positive in outpatient clinics than in intensive care unit environments. Nurses with physical and sensory disabilities may feel more welcomed in areas serving patients with lower acuities. Greater exposure to individuals with disabilities positively impacts attitudes toward this population. The NANDS may be useful to assist employers and nursing administrators in assessing and creating healthy, disability-friendly work environments that promote a positive disability climate and improve the work experience for nurses with disabilities.

An Exploratory Study Assessing Relations of Demographic Characteristics with Police Recruits' Attitudes toward Abuse of Children and Abusive Parents

2007 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456
Author(s):  
George T. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Child Neglect ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Abused Children ◽  
Police Recruits ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Academy Training

The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess the relationships of demographic characteristics with attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children in a convenience sample of 183 police recruits. Police academy training staff invited recruits to complete a questionnaire which contained three vignettes and a 36-item questionnaire that depicted child neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and demographic information. Analysis of responses showed that African Americans and Latinos reported more negative attitudes of anger, disgust, sadness, and discomfort toward an abusive parent than the Euro-American group. Women reported more negative attitudes toward an abused child and also more positive attitudes of sympathy and caring toward an abused child. Results partially support previous research suggesting demographic characteristics influence report of attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children. These findings about the influence of demographic characteristics on positive and negative emotional reactions toward abusive parents and abused children add to the literature.

scholarly journals Pulse Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices, and Cooking Experience of Midwestern US University Students

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Donna M. Winham ◽  
Elizabeth D. Davitt ◽  
Michelle M. Heer ◽  
Mack C. Shelley
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Many American college students fail to meet dietary guideline recommendations for fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Pulses are a subgroup of legumes, harvested solely for dry grain seeds within a pod. Commonly consumed pulses include dry beans, dry peas, lentils, and chickpeas. Pulses are high in shortfall nutrients and could fill some nutritional gaps of college students. However, little is known about pulse intakes among young adults. The study aims were: (1) to identify knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding pulse consumption; and (2) to describe experiences of preparing dry pulses among college students. A convenience sample of 1433 students aged 18–30 enrolled at a Midwestern university in the United States completed an online survey in April 2020. Demographic and attitude variables were compared by the monthly count of pulse types eaten using chi-square, analysis of variance, and logistic regression modeling to predict pulse type intakes. Higher numbers of pulse types eaten was associated with being White, vegetarian/vegan, higher cooking self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward pulses, and greater daily intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber. Knowledge and experience of cooking dry pulses was low, with canned pulses purchased more often. College students may not be consuming pulses due to unfamiliarity with them, low knowledge of nutrition benefits, and a general lack of cooking self-efficacy. Increased familiarization and promotion surrounding pulses may increase their consumption.

Paramedic Knowledge, Attitudes, and Training in End-of-Life Care

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 529-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Stone ◽  
Jean Abbott ◽  
Christian D. McClung ◽  
Chris B. Colwell ◽  
Marc Eckstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Terminal Disease ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Eol Care

AbstractIntroduction:Paramedics often are asked to care for patients at the end of life. To do this, they must communicate effectively with family and caregivers, understand their legal obligations, and know when to withhold unwanted interventions. The objectives of this study were to ascertain paramedics' attitudes toward end-of-life (EOL) situations and the frequency with which they encounter them; and to compare paramedics' preparation during training for a variety of EOL care skills.Methods:A written survey was administered to a convenience sample of paramedics in two cities: Denver, Colorado and Los Angeles, California. Questions addressed: (1) attitudes toward EOL decision-making in prehospital settings; (2) experience (number of EOL situations experienced in the past two years); (3) importance of various EOL tasks in clinical practice (pronouncing and communicating death, ending resuscitation, honoring advance directives (ADs)); and (4) self-assessed preparation for these EOL tasks. For each task, importance and preparation were measured using a four-point Likert scale. Proportions were compared using McNemar chi-square statistics to identify areas of under or over-preparation.Results:Two hundred thirty-six paramedics completed the survey. The mean age was 39 years (range 22–59 years), and 222 (94%) were male. Twenty percent had >20 years of experience. Almost all participants (95%; 95% CI = 91–97%) agreed that prehospital providers should honor field ADs, and more than half (59%; 95% CI = 52–65%) felt that providers should honor verbal wishes to limit resuscitation at the scene. Ninety-eight percent of the participants (95% CI = 96–100%) had questioned whether specific life support interventions were appropriate for patients who appeared to have a terminal disease. Twenty-six percent (95% CI = 20–32%) reported to have used their own judgment during the past two years to withhold or end resuscitation in a patient who appeared to have a terminal disease. Significant discrepancies between the importance in practice and the level of preparation during training for the four EOL situations included: (1) understanding ADs (75% very important vs. 40% well prepared; difference 35%: 95% CI = 26–43%); (2) knowing when to honor written ADs (90% very important vs. 59% well-prepared; difference 31%: 95% CI = 23–38%); and (3) verbal ADs (75% very important vs. 54% well-prepared, difference 21%: 95% CI = 12–29%); and (4) communicating death to family or friends (79% very important vs. 48% well prepared, difference 31%: 95% CI = 23–39%). Paramedics' preparation in EOL skills was significantly lower than that for clinical skills such as endotracheal intubation or defibrillation.Conclusions:There is a need to include more training in EOL care into prehospital training curricula, including how to verify and apply ADs, when to withhold treatments, and how to discuss death with victims' family or friends.

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