KRITIK AL-JABIRI1 TERHADAP NALAR ARAB ISLAM MENUJU KEBANGKITAN ISLAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-215
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hajar Dewantoro
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
General Conception ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Additional Approach

This study sought to describe the criticism of Al-Jabri Reason stagnation prevailing Salama Islamic Arab and Islamic awakening solutions to epistemology. Expected benefits of this study is to demonstrate the interconnectivity aspect, even unity between fragments in the general conception of Reason Arabic of Islam. The approach used is epistimologi approach (philosophy) associated with science, philosophy of science that concerns the structure which includes ontology, epistemology and axiology. Because the philosophy of science is in Arabic Arabic culture, it would require an additional approach that historical approach. The goal is to discover the fundamental structure of Arabic culture related to the philosophy of science. The conclusion of this study is the study of Islamic Epistemology ala al-Jabri is a paradigm combines Bayani, Irfani and Burhani, who developed dynamically based Rationalism-Burnani toward a future revival of the Islamic world.

A ciência e a superação das desigualdades

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
Galileu Galilei Medeiros de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Positive Science ◽  
Popular View ◽  
Science Philosophy

Resumo: O artigo é um ensaio sobre como a atividade científica poderia ser influenciada por uma proposta ética voltada para a superação das desigualdades. A questão subjacente a este estudo tematiza a possível contraposição entre a ética, que parece ser inteiramente vinculada à liberdade humana e seus processos de escolha, e a lógica da pesquisa científica, que ainda, pelo menos em visão popular, parece se basear na posse de informações objetivas e na descoberta de leis de regulação da natureza. Será feita uma breve contextualização das aquisições teóricas sobre o sentido da ciência positiva dos últimos séculos, procurando extrair daí as indicações de uma estreita dependência dessa em relação às escolhas humanas, em virtude de sua metodologia dialética.   Palavras-Chave: Ciência positiva. Filosofia da ciência. Dialética. Ética.      Abstract: The article is an essay on how scientific activity could be influenced by an ethics proposal aimed at overcoming inequalities. The question underlying this study discusses the possible contrast between ethics, which seems to be entirely linked to human freedom and choice processes, and the logic of scientific research, which still, at least in a popular view, seems to be based on possession of objective information and discovery of regulatory laws of nature. Will be presented a brief background of theoretical acquisitions on the meaning of positive science of the last centuries, looking to extract the indications of a close dependence of this in relation to human choices, because your dialectic methodology.  Keywords: Positive Science. Philosophy of Science. Dialectic. Ethics. REFERÊNCIASARISTÓTELES, Tópicos. In: _______. Órganon. 2.ed. São Paulo: EDIPRO, 2010, p. 347-543.BLONDEL, M. L’Action (1893): essai d’une critique de la vie et d’une science de la pratique, Paris: Quadrige, 1993.CARNAP, R. A superação da metafísica por meio da análise lógica da linguagem. In: Cognitio, São Paulo, v. 10, n. 2, jul./dez. 2009, p. 293-309.DESCARTES, R. Discurso do Método. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2001.DILTHEY, W. Introdução às ciências humanas. Rio de Janeiro: Forense, 2010.FANNING, P. A. Isaac Newton e a transmutação da alquimia: uma visão alternativa da revolução científica. Balneário Camboriú (SC): Livraria Danúbio, 2016.GALILEI, G. Edizione Nazionale delle Opere di Galileo Galilei. Antonio Favaro (ed.) Florença: Barbéra, 1928-38, 19 Vols.HESSE, Mary. Revolutions and Reconstruction in Philosophy of Science. Brighton, 1980.HUME, D. Investigações sobre o entendimento humano. In: BERKELEY, G.; HUME, D. Tratado sobre os princípios do conhecimento humano; Três diálogos entre Hilas e Filonous em oposição aos Céticos e Ateus; Investigação sobre o entendimento humano; Ensaios morais, políticos e literários. São Paulo: Abril Cultural, 1978.KUHN, T. La strututtura delle rivoluzioni scientifiche. Torino: [s.n], 1978.LEVINAS, E. Totalité et Infini. [sl]: The Hague, 1971.MACINTYRE, A. Dopo la virtù: Saggio di teoria morale. Milano: Feltrino, 1988.NEIMAN, S. O mal no pensamento moderno: uma história alternativa da filosofia. Rio de Janeiro: DIFEL, 2003.NIETZSCHE, F. Assim falou Zaratustra. 2.ed., Petrópolis: Vozes, 2008.ORTEGA Y GASSET, J. O que é Filosofia? Campinas: Vide Editorial, 2016.PAGANI, S.M.; Luciani, A. (org.) Os Documentos do Processo de Galileu Galilei. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1994.PLATÃO. Teeteto. Tradução de Edson Bini, Bauru/SP: EDIPRO, 2007.POPPER. K. A lógica da descoberta científica. São Paulo: Cultrix, 2001.WHITE, M. O grande livro das coisas horríveis: a crônica definitiva da história das 100 piores atrocidades. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 2013. 

scholarly journals Sustainable development in the light of the philosophy of science and ethics

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
Victor Andreevich Kanke ◽  
Vladimir Korotenko ◽  
V.N. Remarchuk ◽  
Mikhail Viktorovich Kibakin ◽  
Maria Mikhailovna Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Scientific Content ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Everyday Language ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Scientific Ethics

The present article provides a substantiation of the need to use the potential of the philosophy of science in designing a sustainable development project. Along with mathematics and informatics, the philosophy of science is viewed as an auxiliary science designed to help clarify the conceptual and methodological nature of scientific theories. New provisions of science philosophy are presented. The proposition that all axiological theories culminate in ethics is proved. It is also substantiated that natural sciences demonstrate ethical relativity. The project, i.e. both the concept and conception (theory) of sustainable development was designed with no consideration of the achievements of science philosophy including scientific ethics. As the project developed its content became not clearer but, on the contrary, more obscured. The project of sustainable development is reevaluated in light of the philosophy of science. It turns out to be nothing more than a paraphrase of the need for the proper development of the ethical relativity of ecology and its place in the system of balanced scientific ethics. The project of sustainable development presents a paraphrase of certain scientific content that has to be properly addressed. Without this, it has no scientific meaning and should be attributed to the field of everyday language. Thus, the time to put the sustainable development project on a scientific track has come.

scholarly journals Is Science Eliminating Ordinary Talk?

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Louis Caruana
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Actual Operation ◽  
Theories Of Meaning ◽  
Methodology Of Science ◽  
Broad Overview

Discussions dealing with natural science, philosophy and common sense are bound to draw on long-standing debates dealing with realism, methodology of science, philosophy of mind, metaphysics, epistemology, theories of meaning, and other topics. Instead of presenting a broad overview of these main trends, which will necessarily be superficial, I will do a kind of case study. The aim is to present just one particular debate which is of relevance to current research. The presentation is meant to give a taste of how these various long-standing debates are brought to bear on a specific issue. In this way, the very practice of engaging in a particular area of philosophy of science will serve as a platform from where the major areas can be seen in actual operation. The paper has four sections: the nature of ordinary talk; the ontological implications of this; the recently proposed account of the mental; an evaluation.

scholarly journals Pendekatan Budaya Islam di Madrasah melalui Pengenalan Ilmuan Muslim al-Khazani dengan Konsep Tekanan Udara pada Pembelajaran Fisika

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Tiana Azmi Alawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Air Pressure ◽  
Blaise Pascal ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Western Scientist

Muslim scientists create a lot of great works in the field of science but the findings of Muslims have not been applied by teachers in science learning in madrasah. One of these Muslim scholars was Al Khazini with his findings of air pressure, preceded the western scientist Blaise Pascal (1588-1651 AD). The purpose of this study to reveal that the work of Muslim scientists can be used as a source of science learning in madrasah to be culturally closer to Islam. The research method used is qualitative method by using historical approach of philosophy of science in Islamic perspective. Data were collected through literature study. The results showed that Al-Khazini is revealed about air pressure earlier than Pascal. These findings can be taught in madrasah through methods of sociologically anthropological demonstrations that close to madrasah culture.

scholarly journals LIBERASI TEOLOGI DI IRAN PASCA-REVOLUSI: Telisik Pemikiran Abdul Karim Soroush

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Fahmy Farid Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Identity Crisis ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
New Directions ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Science Epistemology ◽  
Identity Struggle

<p class="Iabstrak"><strong>Abstract:</strong> <em>This paper will discuss the identity struggle and discourse of thought in the Islamic world, especially in the Islamic civilization and culture of Iran. That is, by trying to explain various religio-philosophical discourse presented by Soroush to restore Iranian civilization from an identity crisis, psychological deterioration, to the ontological dislocation that have obscured the authenticity of existential society. This paper will also explain why Soroush calls for new directions in theology and Islamic political discourse, particularly in Iran, which is supported by various philosophical discourse. By involving the philosophy of science (epistemology) in understanding human religiosity, Soroush philo­sophical thought also necessitates a new perspective of looking at reality, both the reality of individual, social, or global.</em></p><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Tulisan ini akan mengurai pergulatan identitas dan wacana pemikiran di dunia Islam, khususnya di kancah peradaban dan kebudayaan Iran. Yaitu de­ngan berusaha menjelaskan pelbagai wacana filsafat-keagamaan yang di­ketengah­kan Soroush untuk memulihkan peradaban Iran dari krisis identitas, keterpurukan psikologis, hingga dislokasi ontologis yang telah mengaburkan otentisitas eksistensial masyarakatnya. Tulisan ini juga akan menjelaskan mengapa Soroush menghendaki adanya arah baru dalam diskursus teologi dan politik Islam, khususnya di Iran, yang ditopang oleh pelbagai wacana filosofis. Dengan melibatkan filsafat ilmu (epistemologi) dalam memahami religiusitas manusia, pembacaan Soroush juga meniscayakan suatu perspektif baru dalam memandang realitas, baik realitas individual, sosial, maupun global.

scholarly journals Jilbab dalam Pandangan Muhammad Sa'id al-'Asmawi

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 417
Author(s):  
Udin Safala ◽  
Rodli Makmun
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The West ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
The Veil

Abstract: Discussing the headscarf as a dress model in Islam is truely like talking about an outdated case because so many academics both from the West and the Islamic world itself has discussed it before. Yet, when confronted with the theoretical framework and approach or contemporary perspective, probably there is still academic space that can be used as a basis of analysis of long debate related to the jilbab, khima&gt;r, muqna’, or clothing that are believed having value of shar’i&gt; (Islamic laws). This paper attempts to explore, within its limitations, the concept of the veil/ headscarf through the thinking of Muh}ammad Sa’i&gt; d al-’Asthma&gt; wi&gt; which are categorized by Wael B. Halla&gt;q as a person in the area of liberal Islam. Through the theoretical framework of law, by using the historical approach of assets of jurisprudence ( us}u&gt;l al-fiqh), al-’Asthma&gt; wi&gt;, the writer tries to position the concept of veil in Islamic teaching which is different from other islamic thinkers.

Filsafat Ilmu dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam

Jurnal Hukum ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Ira Alia Maerani
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Knowledge Bases ◽  
Knowledge Resources ◽  
Objective Sense ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
Form Model ◽  
True Knowledge

AbstractPhilosophy of Science plays an important role in laying the foundations of the scientific foundation. Science is a representation of the real meaning of reality, form, model, quantity, substance and essence of the soul is rational and calm. The Islamic Law sources is Al-Qur’an and Hadith laden with values and concepts to provide a guide of human life, as well as the instructions of science. This paper limits the questions about what factors are the basis of knowledge? How the Philosophy of Science in the perspective of Islamic Law ? Knowledge bases consisting of: reasoning, logic, knowledge resources, and the criterion of truth. Science in the perspective of the Qur'an can be divided into three types: First, knowledge acquisition, knowledge is the most special Allah (God) given to man. Second, science is built on the basis of sensory experience (empirical sensual). Third, the knowledge gained through revelation by the prophets and apostles. Science in the Islamic perspective on the intellectual (the conscience, the subjective sense), a direct ratio (objective sense) to the establishment of science based on consciousness and belief in Allah (God), because God is the absolute truth. Islam requires the truth as God is the true substance (al – Haq). Similarly, knowledge of Islam must be true because it meets the guidance of almighty Allah (God) really is. In order for science to be true then it must be derived from the knowledge of revelation (Al-Quran and Al-Hadith ). Therefore , to get closer to the truth, true knowledge is required.Keywords: Science, Philosophy of Science, Islamic Law Perspective. AbstrakFilsafat Ilmu memegang peranan penting sebagai peletak dasar-dasar pondasi keilmuan. Ilmu adalah representasi makna sesungguhnya dari realitas, bentuk, mode, kuantitas, substansi dan esensi sesuatu oleh jiwa yang rasional lagi tenang. Sumber Hukum Islam antara lain Al-Qur’an dan Hadits sarat dengan nilai-nilai dan konsep untuk memberikan tuntunan hidup manusia, begitu juga mengenai petunjuk ilmu pengetahuan. Tulisan ini membatasi pertanyaan faktor-faktor apa sajakah yang mendasari lahirnya pengetahuan? Apa saja objek kajian filsafat ilmu? Serta bagaimana Filsafat Ilmu  dalam  perspektif pemikiran Hukum Islam? Dasar-dasar pengetahuan terdiri dari: penalaran, logika, sumber pengetahuan, dan kriteria kebenaran. Ilmu dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an dibedakan menjadi tiga jenis: Pertama, ilmu perolehan, yaitu ilmu yang paling istimewa yang diberikan Allah (Tuhan) kepada manusia. Kedua, ilmu yang dibangun atas dasar pengalaman inderawi (empiris sensual). Ketiga, ilmu yang didapat melalui wahyu oleh para nabi dan rasul. Ilmu dalam perspektif Islam berdasarkan intelek (hati nurani, akal subjektif), yang mengarahkan rasio (akal objektif) kepada pembentukan ilmu yang berdasarkan pada kesadaran dan keimanan kepada Allah, karena kebenaran Allah adalah mutlak. Islam menghendaki kebenaran sebagaimana Allah adalah zat yang benar (al-Haq). Demikian pula ilmu dalam Islam harus benar karena memenuhi tuntunan Allah yang maha benar tersebut. Agar ilmu menjadi benar maka ilmu itu harus diderivasi dari wahyu (Al-Qur’an dan Al-Hadits). Oleh karena itu, untuk mendekatkan diri mengenal Allah diperlukan ilmu yang benar yang diperoleh antara lain melalui Al-Qur’an  dan Hadits. Pedoman pokok Hukum Islam berupa Al-Qur’an  dan Hadits  harus mampu menyatu dengan pedoman prinsip keadilan secara umum menurut pandangan manusia. Keadilan dalam Islam merupakan perpaduan harmonis antara hukum dengan moralitas, Islam tidak bertujuan untuk menghancurkan kebebasan individu, tetapi mengontrol kebebasan itu demi keselarasan dan harmonisasi masyarakat yang terdiri dari individu itu sendiri. Hukum Islam memiliki peran dalam mendamaikan kepentingan pribadi dengan kepentingan kolektif. Kata Kunci: Ilmu, Filsafat Ilmu, Perspektif  Hukum Islam.

Cognitive frames − inevitability or choice?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
Magdalena Łata
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Cognitive Frames ◽  
Philosophy Of Culture ◽  
Cognitive Framework

The term cognitive framework has appeared in modern theories of cognitive psychology. In theories of cognitive linguistics, the theory of metonymy, metaphors and conceptual amalgams, is a fundamental structure that makes it possible to understand the meaning. However, the nature of the cognitive framework understood as the limitations of our cognition is a universal reflection tool that can be used in other fields, especially in philosophy. The article deals with issues related to the origin of the term, the construction material of the cognitive framework, the diversity of their occurrence and the possibilities of their transformation based on selected issues from epistemology, philosophy of science and philosophy of culture.

scholarly journals Realisme en representasie in wetenskap en literatuur

Literator ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-59
Author(s):  
M. E. Botha
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Correct Interpretation ◽  
Science And Literature ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Science Philosophy ◽  
The One ◽  
Theory Ladenness

Although there are important areas of overlap, the problem of realism differs in the contexts of philosophy, science and literature. What is common to all three realms is the fact that the empiricist notion of objectivity is not tenable any more. The recognition of the theory ladenness of scientific observation and the commentary ladenness of interpretation in literature is in fundamental contrast with the older views of objectivity which have dominated the scene for such a long time. The notion of realism inherent in this older view of objectivity in which science, philosophy or literature somehow “mirrors” the world, has fundamentally been affected by the overthrow of the objectivist tradition through developments in philosophy of science and developments in metaphor theory in which the emphasis on “literal” descriptions of reality have made way for the recognition of the relative distinction between the literal and the metaphorical. Both science and literature have acknowledged the possibility of a potential plurality of possible interpretations of “reality”. This means that as many “realities” exist as interpretations of reality and of texts are possible. This has confronted both science and literature with the need for a fundamentally revised notion of “realism” and of truth and has posed the very real problem of the (im-)possibility of convergence toward truth, reality or the one and only “correct” interpretation.

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