scholarly journals The Costs of Involuntary Job Loss: Impact on Workers' Employment and Earnings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Dixon ◽  
David C. Maré
Keyword(s):  
Job Loss ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Involuntary Job Loss ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Annual Earnings ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the impact of involuntary job loss on the employment and earnings of affected workers, using data from the Survey of Families, Incomes and Employment (SoFIE) for the 2002–09 period. It focusses on employees who had been working in their job for at least one year before the job loss. The impact of displacement is estimated by using a propensity score matching approach to select similar non-displaced workers and compare their employment and earnings with those of displaced workers. We find that the employment rate of displaced workers was on average 27 percentage points lower 0–1 years after displacement, 14 percentage points lower 1–2 years after, and 8 percentage points lower 2–3 years after, than that of the matched comparison group. The average wage of re-employed displaced workers was 12 percent lower 0–1 years after displacement, 11 percent lower 1–2 years after and 7 percent lower 2–3 years after. Other impacts include increases in unemployment and self-employment, reductions in average weekly hours, and reductions in weekly and annual earnings.

scholarly journals Debt Relief and Debtor Outcomes: Measuring the Effects of Consumer Bankruptcy Protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 1272-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Dobbie ◽  
Jae Song
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Consumer Bankruptcy ◽  
Annual Earnings ◽  
The Impact

Consumer bankruptcy is one of the largest social insurance programs in the United States, but little is known about its impact on debtors. We use 500,000 bankruptcy filings matched to administrative tax and foreclosure data to estimate the impact of Chapter 13 bankruptcy protection on subsequent outcomes. Exploiting the random assignment of bankruptcy filings to judges, we find that Chapter 13 protection increases annual earnings by $5,562, decreases five-year mortality by 1.2 percentage points, and decreases five-year foreclo-sure rates by 19.1 percentage points. These results come primarily from the deterioration of outcomes among dismissed filers, not gains by granted filers. (JEL D14, I12, J22, J31, K35)

scholarly journals The impact of late-career job loss and genetic risk on body mass index: Evidence from variance polygenic scores

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Schmitz ◽  
Julia Goodwin ◽  
Jiacheng Miao ◽  
Qiongshi Lu ◽  
Dalton Conley
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Polygenic Scores ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUnemployment shocks from the COVID-19 pandemic have reignited concerns over the long-term effects of job loss on population health. Past research has highlighted the corrosive effects of unemployment on health and health behaviors. This study examines whether the effects of job loss on changes in body mass index (BMI) are moderated by genetic predisposition using data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS). To improve detection of gene-by-environment (G × E) interplay, we interacted layoffs from business closures—a plausibly exogenous environmental exposure—with whole-genome polygenic scores (PGSs) that capture genetic contributions to both the population mean (mPGS) and variance (vPGS) of BMI. Results show evidence of genetic moderation using a vPGS (as opposed to an mPGS) and indicate genome-wide summary measures of phenotypic plasticity may further our understanding of how environmental stimuli modify the distribution of complex traits in a population.

scholarly journals Center-Based Child Care and Differential Improvements in the Child Development Outcomes of Disadvantaged Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Anne Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Research finds center-based child care typically benefits children of low socio-economic status (SES) but few studies have examined if it also reduces inequalities in developmental disadvantage. Objective I test if the length of time in center-based care between ages one and three years associates with child development scores at age three years, focusing on the impact for groups of children in the lower tercile of child development scores and in the lower SES tercile. Method Using data from 1,606 children collected in a nationally representative Chilean survey, I apply a value-added approach to measure gains in child development scores between age one and three years that are associated with length of time in center-based child care. Results Disadvantages at age one year were associated with lower child development scores at age three years. No benefits of additional time in center-based care were found for the non-disadvantaged group, but positive associations were found between more time in center-based care and child development outcomes for children with the SES disadvantage only. Center-based care was not associated with child development trajectories of children with lower child development scores at age one year, no matter their SES status. Conclusions There is evidence that Chilean center-based child care reduces SES inequality in child development scores between ages one and three years, but only if children already were not low-scorers at age one year.

The Role of Internet Utilization Among SMEs on Household Welfare in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Ariska N. Rini ◽  
Lienggar Rahadiantino
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Household Welfare ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

The Internet has a significant influence on poverty alleviation and economic growth. Internet involvement in small-medium enterprises (SMEs) has the opportunity to create a better level of welfare. Using data from the fifth wave of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), this study aims to analyze the impact of internet utilization on household welfare among two groups, household enterprises with internet use for business and without internet use for business. The results of the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method mention that household enterprises with internet for business purposes have higher household per capita expenditure, food consumption, and non-food expenditure than household enterprises without internet use. Another interesting result finds that household enterprises are likely to use the internet only if household heads at a young age and business establish less than one year.

scholarly journals Beyond Short-Term Learning Gains: The Impact of Outsourcing Schools in Liberia After Three Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Romero ◽  
Justin Sandefur
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Child Safety ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Learning Gains ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Results

Abstract Outsourcing the management of ninety-three randomly-selected government primary schools in Liberia to eight private operators led to learning gains of .18σ after one year, but these effects plateaued in subsequent years (reaching .2σ after three years). Beyond learning gains, the program reduced corporal punishment (by 4.6 percentage points from a base of 51%), but increased dropout (by 3.3 percentage points from a base of 15%) and failed to reduce sexual abuse. Despite facing similar contracts and settings, some providers produced uniformly positive results, while others present trade-offs between learning gains, access to education, child safety, and financial sustainability.

Late Career Job Loss and Retirement Behavior of Couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Health And Retirement Study ◽  
Budget Constraints ◽  
Unexpected Earnings ◽  
Retirement Behavior ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Security Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Retirement Study

This article argues that wealth uncertainty influences when couples choose to retire. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, I show that wives delay retirement when their husbands retire following a job loss. This effect is stronger when husbands are the primary earners, and couples are relatively poorer. This provides evidence of intra-household insurance that mitigates the impact of an unexpected earnings shock. I find that wives tend to delay retirement only until they become eligible for social security. This suggests that social security benefits can relax households’ budget constraints and allow wives to join their husbands in retirement.

Does Health Reform Lead to an Increase in Early Retirement? Evidence from Massachusetts

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Heim ◽  
LeeKai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This article estimates the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform on the decision of individuals to retire early. Using data from the American Community Survey that spans 2004 through 2012, the authors estimate difference-in-differences models for retirement using individuals from other northeastern states as the control group. The estimates suggest that the reform led women to increase early retirement from full-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 4.8%) and to increase part-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 30%). Though no significant effects were found for men overall, the estimates imply that the reform led to an increase in retirement and part-time work among lower-income men.

Conflict and Public Opinion: Rallying Effects of the Persian Gulf War

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. McLeod ◽  
William P. Eveland ◽  
Nancy Signorielli
Keyword(s):  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Gulf War ◽  
Persian Gulf War ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the dissipation of “rally effects” in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War using data from a panel of 167 New Castle County (Delaware) respondents interviewed during the war and one year later. Public support for the war and confidence in the president, Congress, and the military declined significantly. Hostility toward antiwar protesters also diminished. The study combines the “rally around the flag” literature from political science and functional conflict theory from sociology to explain the impact of this major external conflict on support for government institutions and intolerance for elements perceived as a potential threat.

An Evaluation of Business Start-Up Support for Young People

2003 ◽  
Vol 186 ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Meager ◽  
Peter Bates ◽  
Marc Cowling
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Business Survival ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Matched Comparison ◽  
The Impact

The article describes some evaluation findings from a longitudinal study of young people receiving business start-up assistance, through the Prince's Trust (with financial support from the Government). Unusually for evaluations of self-employment schemes, it focuses not solely on issues of deadweight and business survival, but also looks at the impact of programme participation on the subsequent labour market outcomes of participants. It uses a matched comparison group methodology to model programme impact, and finds no statistical evidence that supported entry to self-employment has an impact on participants' subsequent ‘employability’. After controlling for other factors, those who leave the programme are no more likely than those in the comparison group to be in employment, and if in employment their earnings are no higher than those in the comparison group.

Medicaid Expansion and Not-For-Profit Hospitals’ Financial Status: National and State-Level Estimates Using IRS and CMS Data, 2011-2016

2021 ◽  
pp. 107755872110097
Author(s):  
Tatiane Santos ◽  
Simone Singh ◽  
Gary J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Costs ◽  
State Level ◽  
Medicaid Expansion ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Several studies have shown that Medicaid expansion has improved hospital financial performance. All of these studies have either used data from the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) or the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and none of them has examined the state-level impact of expansion on hospital finances. Using data for not-for-profit hospitals from both IRS and CMS for 2011-2016, we described the difference in costs related to uncompensated care and Medicaid shortfalls. We then estimated the impact of Medicaid expansion on hospitals’ financial status nationally and by state. Nationally, the estimated net effect of expansion reduced not-for-profit hospital costs by 2 percentage points based on IRS data and 0.83 percentage points based on CMS data. Across expansion states, the estimated net effects varied widely with approximately a 10-fold difference for hospitals based on IRS data and a 2-fold difference based on CMS data. Future studies should further explore the differences across IRS and CMS data.

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