scholarly journals Un episodio en la construcción narrativa de la historia de España: los traidores y la ‘pérdida de España’ / An Episode in the Narrative Construction of the History of Spain: The Traitors and the ‘Loss of Spain’

2017 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Bruno Padín Portela
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Islamic Conquest

This paper examines the role of traitor’s figure in the narratives of the principal Historias Generales de España focusing upon the the Islamic conquest of 711. Starting by the Germanic legislative tradition, which associates the idea of treason with king’s figure, we shall study the evolution of historical account throughout centuries, where the Visigoths have always played the role of axis in the representation of Spanish identity. We shall also discussed the different types of treason, their importance in national constructions, and their impact on historiographical tradition, emphasizing in particular the stereotype of the Jews and their stigmatization as internal enemies for much of the history of Spain.Key WordsTreason, Muslim conquest, Visigoth kingdom, histories of Spain.ResumenEn este trabajo analizaremos el papel de la figura del traidor en los relatos de las principales Historias Generales de España, centrándonos en el episodio de la conquista musulmana de 711. Partiendo de la tradición legislativa germánica, que asocia la idea de traición con la figura del rey, estudiaremos la evolución del relato histórico a través de los siglos, donde los visigodos jugaron el papel de eje vertebrador de la identidad española. Reflexionaremos también sobre los diferentes tipos de traiciones, su importancia en los relatos de las construcciones nacionales, y su impacto en la tradición historiográfica; poniendo el acento en el estereotipo de los judíos y su estigmatización como enemigos internos durante gran parte de la historia de España.Palabras claveTraición, conquista musulmana, reino visigodo, historias de España.

Prosody in Automatic Speech Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-645
Author(s):  
Anton Batliner ◽  
Bernd Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Short History ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Automatic speech processing (ASP) is understood as covering word recognition, the processing of higher linguistic components (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), and the processing of computational paralinguistics (CP), which deals with speaker states and traits. This chapter attempts to track the role of prosody in ASP from the word level up to CP. A short history of the field from 1980 to 2020 distinguishes the early years (until 2000)—when the prosodic contribution to the modelling of linguistic phenomena, such as accents, boundaries, syntax, semantics, and dialogue acts, was the focus—from the later years, when the focus shifted to paralinguistics; prosody ceased to be visible. Different types of predictor variables are addressed, among them high-performance power features as well as leverage features, which can also be employed in teaching and therapy.

scholarly journals FAMILY STORIES IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISCOURSE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Pomnikova
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
Family Stories ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Behavior Observation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communicative Space

Introduction: the last decades are characterized by a rising tide of interest of Russian citizens for the history of their families. The main form of its existence are family stories - both about the present of the family and its subjects, and about their past. These stories become natural part of our communicative space, no matter which type of activity and what social roles we are involved in. Materials and methods: the study was conducted on the material of texts - both oral and written, - containing information about addresser’s family. The main methods included the method of communicative behavior observation, the method of studying the forms and types of representation of family stories in different types of conversation, the method of analyzing and the method of generalization. Results: the purpose of this article was to analyze various types of discourse in order to identify the presence/absence of family stories in each of them, and to determine the role of such stories in various spheres of our life. Having considered interpersonal and several types of institutional discourse (scientific, popular scientific, political, medical, pedagogical and advertising), we examined how each of them presents family stories, for what purpose subjects use this kind of stories in each of the analyzed types of discourse and which aspects of family history are most relevant in each case. As a result of the study, it was determined that family stories play a significant role in our communication in each of the analyzed types of discourse, but in each of them they are used with a specific purpose. Discussion and conclusion: if we consider everything we know about our family as a family history (that consists of many separate, private family stories), then we can conclude that it flows into all spheres of our life. Our family history is penetrated by different types of discourse in which we participate, and, being included in our communication, is preserved in it.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors among stroke patients in a tertiary hospital of Northern India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Onkar Nath Rai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of the study was to find out the incidence of different types of strokes and the associated risk factors and to establish the role of different investigations in patients of stroke.Methods: The study dealt with 100 patients of stroke who were admitted to B. R. D. Medical College, Gorakhpur, India. Each patient was analyzed in detail about clinical presentation and the investigations were aimed to establish the pathologic type of stroke and estimation of risk factors.Results: Stroke incidence was more in males (Male: Female= 1.43:1). Maximum incidence of stroke was in 6th decade (32%) followed by 7th decade (30%). Among modifiable risk factors, history of hypertension was the commonest (51%) followed by smoking (36% patients) exclusively, found in males. Hemiparesis was the most common presentation (95%) followed by altered sensorium (55%). Chest X-ray was abnormal in 16% patients, abnormal ECG was found in 27% patients and abnormal lipid values were found in 54 patients.Conclusions: Apart from control of hypertension and diabetes, abnormal lipid profile remains an important modifiable risk factor for stroke.

scholarly journals Role of DNA Protection and Repair in Resistance of Bacillus subtilis Spores to Ultrahigh Shock Pressures Simulating Hypervelocity Impacts

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (21) ◽  
pp. 6682-6689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Moeller ◽  
Gerda Horneck ◽  
Elke Rabbow ◽  
G�nther Reitz ◽  
Cornelia Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Shock Pressure ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Rock Composition ◽  
High Shock ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Impact-induced ejections of rocks from planetary surfaces are frequent events in the early history of the terrestrial planets and have been considered as a possible first step in the potential interplanetary transfer of microorganisms. Spores of Bacillus subtilis were used as a model system to study the effects of a simulated impact-caused ejection on rock-colonizing microorganisms using a high-explosive plane wave setup. Embedded in different types of rock material, spores were subjected to extremely high shock pressures (5 to 50 GPa) lasting for fractions of microseconds to seconds. Nearly exponential pressure response curves were obtained for spore survival and linear dependency for the induction of sporulation-defective mutants. Spores of strains defective in major small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP) (α/β-type SASP) that largely protect the spore DNA and spores of strains deficient in nonhomologous-end-joining DNA repair were significantly more sensitive to the applied shock pressure than were wild-type spores. These results indicate that DNA may be the sensitive target of spores exposed to ultrahigh shock pressures. To assess the nature of the critical physical parameter responsible for spore inactivation by ultrahigh shock pressures, the resulting peak temperature was varied by lowering the preshock temperature, changing the rock composition and porosity, or increasing the water content of the samples. Increased peak temperatures led to increased spore inactivation and reduced mutation rates. The data suggested that besides the potential mechanical stress exerted by the shock pressure, the accompanying high peak temperatures were a critical stress parameter that spores had to cope with.

scholarly journals Counteraction to Criminality In the Ukrainian SSR In the Second Half of 1930S

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Principle ◽  
General Level ◽  
Collective Farm ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

For today there is a far of the publications sanctified to soviet history of 1930th. However basic attention in them is spared there are 1937-1939 to strengthening of the totalitarian mode and repressions. And the problems of combating crime have received little attention.Research aim. Taking into account insufficient worked out of theme, an author put an aim to itself to light up the role of militia in counteraction to some types of criminality in the second half 1930th. This range of problems is wide enough, that is why we specially did not investigate some of directions of activity of militia at this time, in particular fight against gangsterism, counteract to economic criminality and role of militia in repressions 1937-1938, as it is an object other our scientific researches.Research methodology. The fundamental methodological principle of the study for the author was historicism. We tried to study the processes, events and facts in chronological order, taking into account the then socio-political situation. The method of comparison allowed to consider the general and special in activity of militia of different regions of the republic and differences in counteraction to different types of crimes.The scientific novelty of the article is that for the first time in the historical literature it reveals the activities of the police in combating crime in the second half of the 1930s., related to improving the work of investigators, district inspectors.In the article basic directions of activity of militia are exposed in relation to counteraction to some types of crimes in Ukraine, in the second half of 1930th. In this time a "liberal" period made off relatively in history of soviet legislation.It was considered that in connection from completion of building of socialism in the USSR the main causations of crime, related to the inheritance of, are czarism on the whole removed, and the pore of the most rapid liquidation of criminality came, although at this time appeared and new types of crimes : 1. crimes related to the passport system (imitation, sale and purchase, theft of passports); 2. violation of charter of agricultural artel, violation of soviet and of a collective farm democracy; 3.sabotage of Stakhanovsky motion, pursuit ofStakhanov’ s men.New Constitution of the USSR was accepted in 1936, and in 1937 is new Constitution of Ukraine. For them wide rights for soviet citizens were proclaimed, but in reality they were not realized, becoming illustration to neglect of law and law and order.However would be an overstatement to consider that there was complete legal anarchy and raging of criminality in the state .Conclusions. In the second half 1930th a militia, without regard to mass repressions and certain vagueness of fate of many workers, continued counteraction to criminality. Certain attention was spared to the improvement of work of investigators, district inspectors, secret-service-informative work, bringing in of public to counteraction to criminality. In the total it was succeeded to attain some reduction of general level to criminality.

scholarly journals Storia controfattuale e great men in Erodoto e Tucidide

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Counterfactual Reasoning ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Greek Historiography ◽  
Counterfactual History ◽  
The Individual

Thinking about the role of great men in virtual history of contemporary age, in this paper we intend to conduct an analysis of this theme starting from some significant texts of Herodotus and Thucydides, to evaluate the existence of a recourse to counterfactual reasoning in connection with the role of the individual also in Greek historiography. It emerges that counterfactuals, used perhaps not always intentionally, but, in any case, as a powerful narrative tool, help to define causal relationships and to highlight the important factors, moral and political responsibilities, including above all the ability of the leader to take reasonable decisions. The story of the past as it could have been, or, in other words, counterfactual history and not just real history, could thus encourage readers to reflect in a more engaging way than through the historical account alone, judging more actively the behaviour of great men of the past and learning from their decisions, both correct and incorrect.

scholarly journals On estimating the predictability of human mobility: the role of routine

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas do Couto Teixeira ◽  
Jussara M. Almeida ◽  
Aline Carneiro Viana
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Current Location ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mobility Behavior

AbstractGiven the difficulties in predicting human behavior, one may wish to establish bounds on our ability to accurately perform such predictions. In the case of mobility-related behavior, there exists a fundamental technique to estimate the predictability of an individual’s mobility, as expressed in a given dataset. Although useful in several scenarios, this technique focused on human mobility as a monolithic entity, which poses challenges to understanding different types of behavior that may be hard to predict. In this paper, we propose to study predictability in terms of two components of human mobility: routine and novelty, where routine is related to preferential returns, and novelty is related to exploration. Viewing one’s mobility in terms of these two components allows us to identify important patterns about the predictability of one’s mobility.Additionally, we argue that mobility behavior in the novelty component is hard to predict if we rely on the history of visited locations (as the predictability technique does), and therefore we here focus on analyzing what affects the predictability of one’s routine. To that end, we propose a technique that allows us to (i) quantify the effect of novelty on predictability, and (ii) gauge how much one’s routine deviates from a reference routine that is completely predictable, therefore estimating the amount of hard-to-predict behavior in one’s routine. Finally, we rely on previously proposed metrics, as well as a newly proposed one, to understand what affects the predictability of a person’s routine. Our experiments show that our metrics are able to capture most of the variability in one’s routine (adjusted $R^{2}$ R 2 of up to 84.9% and 96.0% on a GPS and CDR datasets, respectively), and that routine behavior can be largely explained by three types of patterns: (i) stationary patterns, in which a person stays in her current location for a given time period, (ii) regular visits, in which people visit a few preferred locations with occasional visits to other places, and (iii) diversity of trajectories, in which people change the order in which they visit certain locations.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Walden
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Modes Of Representation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Self

The introduction offers an overview of the history of visual and musical portraiture and an exploration of the role of abstraction in visual portraiture in the twentieth century. It continues with a discussion of modes of representation in music, and the role played by metaphor in the generation and interpretation of musical representation and meaning. It then examines contemporary notions of identity to develop an understanding of how the musical portrait operates in the narrative construction of the individual self in the contemporary era. Finally, it closes with a description of the chapter structure of the book’s exploration of musical portraiture.

scholarly journals Canonical Generations and the British Left: The Narrative Construction of the Miners’ Strike 1984–85

Sociology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 850-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nettleingham
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Narrative Construction ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Political Consciousness ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

‘Generations’ have been invoked to describe a variety of social and cultural relationships, and to understand the development of self-conscious group identity. Equally, the term can be an applied label and politically useful construct; generations can be retrospectively produced. Drawing on the concept of ‘canonical generations’ – those whose experiences come to epitomise an event of historic and symbolic importance – this article examines the narrative creation and functions of ‘generations’ as collective memory shapes and re-shapes the desire for social change. Building a case study of the canonical role of the miners’ strike of 1984–85 in the narrative history of the British left, it examines the selective appropriation and transmission of the past in the development of political consciousness. It foregrounds the autobiographical narratives of activists who, in examining and legitimising their own actions and prospects, (re)produce a ‘generation’ in order to create a relatable and useful historical understanding.

scholarly journals Role of RNA Oxidation in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziqian Liu ◽  
Xiatian Chen ◽  
Zhe Li ◽  
Wei Ye ◽  
Hongyan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Death Studies ◽  
Rna Oxidation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nucleic Acid Research ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In the history of nucleic acid research, DNA has always been the main research focus. After the sketch of the human genome was completed in 2000, RNA has been started to gain more attention due to its abundancies in the cell and its essential role in cellular physiology and pathologies. Recent studies have shown that RNAs are susceptible to oxidative damage and oxidized RNA is able to break the RNA strand, and affect the protein synthesis, which can lead to cell degradation and cell death. Studies have shown that RNA oxidation is one of the early events in the formation and development of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, its molecular mechanism, as well as its impact on these diseases, are still unclear. In this article, we review the different types of RNA oxidative damage and the neurodegenerative diseases that are reported to be associated with RNA oxidative damage. In addition, we discuss recent findings on the association between RNA oxidative damage and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, which will have great significance for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.

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