scholarly journals SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN IN ECUADOR: AN OVERVIEW FROM THE RURAL AND INDIGENOUS AREAS OF IMBABURA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Santiago BOIRA ◽  
Maria Teresa MUÑOZ ◽  
Anita NUDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
The Family ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Official Data

Objectives. Sexual violence against women is a major social problem for governments and institutions. International reports warn about its magnitude and its global nature and findings from Latin America have also confirmed the seriousness of the issue. The objective of this article is to address the problem of sexual violence against women in Ecuador, with emphasis on rural and indigenous areas. Material and methods. The official data offered by the Attorney General of the State of Ecuador is analyzed. Likewise, the qualitative information provided by professionals in the province of Imbabura through interviews and focus groups. Results. Quantitative data shows a very significant increase in the number of crimes of sexual violence against women in practically all the provinces of Ecuador in the past three years. Likewise, from a qualitative perspective, patriarchal culture is very present as one of the causes that explain violence. As for the manifestation of sexual violence, its most frequent form is within partner relationships. However, cases of incest, sexual abuse and aggression against minors within the family environment are also common. Conclusions. Data for disaggregated and specific monitoring of sexual violence in Ecuador is limited. In this regard, the use of qualitative methodology to complement such information is recommended. This study identifies a serious situation both in terms of the prevalence and of the impact of sexual violence in Ecuador. Keywords: sexual violence, Ecuador, abuse, rural areas, violence against women.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors and Consequences of Sexual Violence in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fenny Etrawati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Violence Against Children ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Optimal Law Enforcement ◽  
The Impact

An increase in cases of sexual violence against children triggers various health problems in children, both physical, psychological and social. This paper aims to explore the sexual violence on children, risk factors and the impact of sexual violence on children. This study of sexual violence in children refers to various empirical literature studies. Furthermore, the collection of information was analyzed using the problem tree analysis approach to find out the risk factors and their impact on children. Cases of sexual violence in the community are difficult to detect because of the lack of recognition from victims. This is because the offender called pedophile comes from within the family (familial abuse) or can come from outside the family environment (extra-familial abuse) who have established close relationships with children. Sexual violence is generally motivated by the problem of weak protection from parents which is also strengthened by socio-economic problems, low access to reproductive health education and less optimal law enforcement. Therefore, children who have experienced sexual violence find it difficult to avoid physical, biological, psychological and social risks. Children who have experienced sexual violence find it difficult to avoid physical, biological, psychological and social risks. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the capacity of parents in the prevention of sexual violence against children and law enforcement needs to complete the system of early detection and rapid response to the incidence of sexual violence against children.

scholarly journals What do we know about the impact of sexual violence on health and health behaviour of women in Estonia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hedda Lippus ◽  
Made Laanpere ◽  
Kai Part ◽  
Inge Ringmets ◽  
Helle Karro
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexual Behaviours ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Sexual violence against women is a major public health issue and a breach of human rights. Although various consequences of sexual violence on health have been described in a large number of scientific publications, very little is known about this topic in Estonia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of sexual violence and associations between exposure to sexual violence and risky health and sexual behaviours among women in Estonia. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Estonia in 2014. Self-reported data regarding selected indicators of risky health and sexual behaviours were collected from 1670 women, aged 18–44 years, via a self-administered questionnaire. To measure the prevalence of sexual violence, questions from the NorVold Abuse Questionnaire were included. Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results Of the respondents, 22.7% (n = 379) reported being exposed to sexual violence during their lifetime, and over half of these women had had these experiences before the age of 18. Statistically significant associations were found between sexual violence and smoking (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.03–1.70), alcohol consumption (AOR 1.52, 95% CI 1.18–1.95), illicit drug use (AOR 2.21, 95% CI 1.70–2.89), sexual intercourse for money or other material reward (AOR 3.51, 95% CI 1.62–7.61), concurrent sexual relationships (AOR 2.64; 95% CI 1.80–3.86), and being diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.09–2.01). Conclusions In Estonia, sexual violence against women is widespread and is associated with several risky health and sexual behaviours. Efforts should be made, both among the general public and professionals, to raise awareness regarding the prevalence and negative impact of sexual violence. Women who have been exposed to sexual violence are in need of professional medical, legal and psychological help free from prejudice to help them recover from such traumatic events.

scholarly journals Islamic Perspective of Anti-Violence Education for Early Childhood in The Family Environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Luluk Atirotu Zahroh
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Family ◽  
Early Chilhood ◽  
Intelligence Development ◽  
The Impact

Anti-violence education implemented in various educational environment, equally important the family environment. The impact of violence against spiritual emotional intelligence development of children leads to the negative things. Include that realize or not, violence that showed by parents have instilled hatred and excessive fear in children. Violence will infuse stubborn and rude in children, give wound in the hearts of children until they are adults. Islam teaches anti-violence education, especially on the early chilhood education, have to carry out with great affection. Many verses of the holy Koran which instruct to educate children with affection. The term like qaulan layyinan, qaulan ma'rufan and so on are some command to teach and interact with students full with love and through the good ways. Keyword: anti-violence education, early chilhood. Pendidikan anti kekerasan diterapkan di berbagai lingkungan pendidikan, dan tidak kalah pentingnya yaitu lingkungan keluarga. Dampak kekerasan orang tua terhadap perkembangan kecerdasan emosional spiritual anak ini mengarah pada hal-hal yang negatif. Dampak tersebut diantaranya adalah: sadar atau tidak kekerasan yang dilakukan orang tua telah menanamkan kebencian dan rasa takut yang berlebihan pada diri anak. Kekerasan akan menanamkan sifat keras dan sikap kasar pada diri anak, membekaskan luka di hati anak hingga mereka dewasa. Islam mengajarkan pendidikan yang bersifat anti kekerasan, apalagi dalam konteks mendidik anak usia dini, dilakukan dengan penuh kasih sayang. Banyak ayat al-Qur’an yang memerintahkan mendidik anak dengan kasih sayang kepada putra-putranya yang masih kecil. Bahasa qaulan layyinan, qaulan ma’rufan dan sebagainya merupakan perintah untuk mendidik dan berinteraksi dengan anak didik dengan penuh kasih sayang dan cara yang baik. Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Anti Kekerasan, Anak Usia Dini.

Liaison entre la religion et les fonctions culturelles de la famille

1969 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Voyé
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Family Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Family ◽  
The One ◽  
Sociological Explanation ◽  
Hereditary Character ◽  
Socializing Agents ◽  
The Impact

The relatively hereditary character of diverse cultural phenomena has already drawn attention to the role that the family can play in this trans mission. It appears in particular that political orientations and the chances of access to different types and levels of education can frequently be explained by a specific family membership. Two types of argument are put forward here in order to explain how the family can appear as a privileged place of cultural apprenticeship: on the one hand psychological arguments linked with the primary and universal character of family education and the type of relations that this develops; on the other hand a more sociological explanation based on the repercussion that the more or less great complexity of learned language entails with regard to diverse exterior participations, and on the comparison between the impact of the family and those of other socializing agents on the successive choices which they will impose. To these explanatory elements of the existing link between cultural memberships and the family environment is added, for religion as much as for the family, the transition from the public to the private sphere. This parallel evolution will tend to increase the autonomy of religion on the plane of secondary elaborations for which it will borrow its mode of re-interpretation from the exigencies of daily life, particularly from the family.

Does the level of family dysfunction moderate the impact of genetic factors on the personality trait of neuroticism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. KENDLER ◽  
S. H. AGGEN ◽  
K. C. JACOBSON ◽  
M. C. NEALE
Keyword(s):  
Family Environment ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Background. While the family environment can directly influence later risk for psychopathology, dysfunction in the family of origin may also moderate the impact of genetic factors on liability for psychiatric disorders. Can a similar pattern be seen for the personality trait of Neuroticism (N) – which is a risk factor for many psychiatric conditions?Method. Our sample of 957 complete female–female twin pairs from a population-based register had measures of self-reported N and multiple reporters (twin, co-twin, mother, father) for family dysfunction (FD). Statistical analysis was conducted by traditional regression analysis and a moderator structural equation twin model operationalized in the computer program Mx.Results. Dividing the sample into quartiles based on increasing levels of FD, the mean of N increased substantially while correlations of N in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins were relatively constant. Regression analyses did not suggest greater twin resemblance for N with increasing levels of FD. The best-fit structural equation model was the standard un-moderated model in which the proportion of variance in N due to genetic (39%) and unique environmental effects (61%) remained constant across values of FD.Conclusions. Although a false-negative result due to limited power cannot be excluded, these analyses do not support the hypothesis that FD moderates the impact of genetic factors on levels of N.

From the Home to the Borders: Violence Against Women, Impunity and Resistance

Social Change ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-214
Author(s):  
Uma Chakravarti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Class Power ◽  
Women In India

In this article, I will examine the arc of violence that women in India have been historically subjected to, as well as new arenas in which violence is now manifesting itself. The focus is on four arenas in which violence against women, especially sexual violence, needs to be located as each of these have specific features that are associated with the manner in which impunity operates, thereby invisibilising violence, and the long road traversed by the women’s movement in challenging that violence. The four arenas are: first, the home where violence is enacted in the intimate sphere of the family; second, the streets and fields where caste and class power provide impunity to the perpetrators; third, villages and regions where communal and targetted violence have been enacted, often with administrative and state complicity, especially in recent decades; and fourth, the borderlands where impunity is sought to be derived from special laws that the security state has put into operation to control turbulent populations.

scholarly journals Prevalence of self-injury, suicidal ideation, plans and attempts in adolescents aged 13 to 19 years of age

2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Pawłowska ◽  
Emilia Potembska ◽  
Maciej Zygo ◽  
Marcin Olajossy
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Family

Abstract Introduction. Increased suicide rates, both among adults and adolescents, have been seen in Poland over recent years. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of self-injury, suicide ideation, plans and attempts in adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. Material and methods. The study encompassed the total number of 6883 individuals aged 13 to 19 years, 69% of them being girls and 31% - boys. All respondents lived in Lubelskie Province. The research was conducted using a questionnaire designed by the authors. Results. In the group composed of 6883 adolescents living in Lublin Province, suicide ideation was reported by 47.65% of the respondents, suicide plans by 32.35%, suicide attempts were carried out by 10% of adolescents and self-injury by 24.91% of the respondents aged 13 to 19 years. Conclusions. The greatest prevalence of suicide ideation, plans and attempts, as well as self-injuries, were recorded in the group of adolescents aged 17. The adolescents living in the urban areas are more likely to inflict self-injury than those living in rural areas. Furthermore, adolescents with suicidal tendencies, e.g. attempting suicide and self-injury, are more prone to alcohol and substance abuse. It needs emphasizing that many adolescents with suicidal tendencies, compared against those who did not carry them out, have past experience of psychological, physical and sexual violence in the family, have been raised by a single parent or in families, where one of the parents abused alcohol.

The Impact of the Iowa S-SCHIP Program on Access, Health Status, and the Family Environment

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 263-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Damiano ◽  
Jean C. Willard ◽  
Elizabeth T. Momany ◽  
Jyoti Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF FAMILY CLIMATE ON THE ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 118-127
Author(s):  
Nikhat Yasmin Shafeeq ◽  
Aliya Tazeen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Family Climate ◽  
School Students ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of family climate on the academic achievement of government and private secondary school students. Three hundred (Boys =150; Girls =150) secondary school students were randomly chosen as the sample of the study from 8 schools (4 government and 4 private) of Aligarh. Family Climate Scale by Dr. Beena Shah (1990) was used to study respondent’s family climate, while their IX class examination results were used as the measure of academic achievement. The hypotheses were tested using the product moment coefficient of correlation to find out the relationship between the family climate and academic achievement, and for measuring the effect of the type of family climate (favorable and unfavorable) on the academic achievement of the students the investigator applied t-test. The results showed that the academic achievements of students are independent of the family environment and parental support provided to them. The study also revealed that private students have good academic records in comparison of government students.

scholarly journals Domestic Violence against Women in Turkey, What Did Women Say?

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Violence Prevention ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Desire To Have Children ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The present study presents the findings about domestic violence women experienced by their husbands in 2015 in Turkey. A total of 50 women between the ages of 18 and 50 participated in the study. They answered the questions about physical, psychological, and sexual violence which they experienced by their husbands, on social media. The findings of the study have shown that all participants have been exposed to physical, psychological or sexual violence at least once. Various risk factors related to violence against women have attracted attention: alcohol; the idea of that men have the right to control women; men’s excessive instinct of aggression; insufficiency emotion that the men contain within their personality (men’s excessive instinct of inferiority); insufficient education intended for avoiding violence during the school years and in family and the perception of violence as a sign of male superiority. However, women have explained their reasons to accept violence as their lack of economic freedom and the family’s economic problems, their desire to have children and to maintain the integrity of the family by following the customs and traditions. It has been observed that women react to violence by responding to their husbands with physical violence, leaving the environment, trying to forget the violence by concentrating on different activities and accepting violence. The data of the study revealed that none of the women who are subjected to violence have reported violence and thought to get help from any official institutions. The necessity of violence prevention policies, the importance of early intervention of harassment and violence experienced in childhood and educations about violence have been discussed. The data collected in the present study is intended to contribute to the studies conducted to prevent violence against women and to create a positive change even if on a small scale.

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