scholarly journals Variability levels of selected amino acids among mandarins produced in Uruguay

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-59
Author(s):  
Sof�a Rezende ◽  
Sabrina Banchero ◽  
Ignacio Migues ◽  
Mar�a Veronica Cesio ◽  
Carlos Fernando Rivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Metabolomics Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Value Of It ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties

Nutraceutical properties of mandarins are of great interest to promote their consumption. The occurrence of free amino acids in foods is relevant to assess the nutritional value of it. To learn more about the amino acids� occurrence and variability between species, a targeted metabolomics study in �Ellendale�, �Willowleaf� and �Page� varieties was performed through ion exchange liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The studied amino acids were asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine, histidine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, threonine and tyrosine. The difference between two consecutive seasons was evaluated, as well as the influence of fruit maturity of �Page� collected in two periods of 2015. The analytical methodology was validated. The concentration of the compounds through principal component analysis, separated well apart the three cultivars in both harvests, showing a particular profile for each of them. When comparing mature and immature cultivar �Page�, the amino acids with higher levels in mature samples were histidine, asparagine, glutamine and glutamic acid. The profiles were different due to genetic diversity, and the climatic conditions. These results add value to citric production.

scholarly journals The Amino Acid Contents in Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Leaves in Asahan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01047
Author(s):  
Sri S. Ningsih ◽  
Dafit Ariyanto ◽  
Dian Puspitasari ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Hamim Hamim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
The Relationship

Amino acids are important components of mangrove plant metabolisms. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of mangrove R. mucronata leaf colors to the amino acid content. This study was conducted between March to August 2019. The leaves were taken 50 g. The assessment of Amino acids was conducted using UPLC Waters Acquity Class H with PDA Detector. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the relationship analysis between R. mucronata leaf colors and amino acid concentrations. The largest content was L glutamic acid with a green leaf content of 6139.57 ± 694.17 mg/kg and yellow leaf content of 6105.013 ± 113.2058 mg/kg. The results of PCA 1 showed that the influential amino acids were L-threonine (0.94), L-tyrosine (0.96), L-alanine (0.92), L-vanin (0.93), and PCA 2 showed glutamic acid (0.91). These results indicated that the difference in mangrove leaf colors affects the amino acid contents in the leaves.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Edaphic Crop Conditions on the Free Amino Acid Profile of PH-16 Dry Cacao Beans

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Quintino Reis de Araujo ◽  
Guilherme Amorim Homem de Abreu Loureiro ◽  
Cid Edson Mendonça Póvoas ◽  
Douglas Steinmacher ◽  
Stephane Sacramento de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference

Free amino acids in cacao beans are important precursors to the aroma and flavor of chocolate. In this research, we used inferential and explanatory statistical techniques to verify the effect of different edaphic crop conditions on the free amino acid profile of PH-16 dry cacao beans. The decreasing order of free amino acids in PH-16 dry cacao beans is leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, alanine, asparagine, tyrosine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, valine, isoleucine, glutamine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, tryptophan, threonine, glycine. With the exception of lysine, no other free amino acid showed a significant difference between means of different edaphic conditions under the ANOVA F-test. The hydrophobic free amino acids provided the largest contribution to the explained variance with 58.01% of the first dimension of the principal component analysis. Glutamic acid stands out in the second dimension with 13.09%. Due to the stability of the biochemical profile of free amino acids in this clonal variety, it is recommended that cacao producers consider the genotype as the primary source of variation in the quality of cacao beans and ultimately the chocolate to be produced.

scholarly journals MUTU KIMIAWI TERASI DENGAN FORMULASI UDANG REBON (Acetes sp) DAN IKAN RUCAH YANG BERBEDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Nabila Ukhty ◽  
Anhar Rozi ◽  
Andiani Sartiwi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Materials Used

Terasi is a product of fermentation-based on rebon or fish with the addition of salt. Fermentation with salt led to an overhaul of proteins into amino acids eg glutamic acid as a producer of distinctive taste shrimp paste. Raw material, salt concentration and fermentation time is an important factor in the process of making paste. This study aimed to analyze the effect of different formulations of rebon (Acetes sp) and HTS generated against chemical quality paste. Raw materials used in this study is rebon (Acetes sp.) and fish HTS. Treatment used is the difference rebon formulation composition of fish and meat. Research methods using the experimental method with descriptive design field. Parameters tested include moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein, carbohydrates, pH, and glutamic acid. Based on the results obtained paste with the best formulation of the paste P1 treatment with a water content of 15.48%, 39.52% ash content, the fat content of 7.23%, 42.50% protein content, carbohydrate content of 4.73%, pH 5 , 67%, and 22.56% glutamic acid.

scholarly journals Synthesis of γ-Glutamyl Derivatives of Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids in a Multigram Scale via a Two-Step, One-Pot Procedure

Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1147 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. M1147
Author(s):  
Giovanna Speranza ◽  
Marco Rabuffetti ◽  
Nikolina Vidović ◽  
Carlo F. Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Acid Anhydride ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Protecting Group ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Nutraceutical Properties ◽  
Flavor Enhancer

γ-Glutamyl derivatives of sulfur amino acids have been prepared in multigram scale starting from readily available starting materials. The synthesis comprises two one-pot operations, both consisting of two reactions. In the first operation, N-phtaloyl-l-glutamic acid anhydride is obtained from l-glutamic acid and phtalic anhydride. In the second one, N-phtaloyl-l-glutamic acid anhydride is used to acylate amino acids and the N-phtaloyl protecting group is removed. The described approach offers a viable entry to γ-glutamyl derivatives of sulfur-containing amino acids with flavor-enhancer and nutraceutical properties.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF WINTER WHEAT GRAINS GROVN IN LATVIA AND NORWAY

AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita STERNA ◽  
Vija STRAZDINA ◽  
Arta KRONBERGA ◽  
Ievina STURITE ◽  
Mauritz ÅSSVEEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Wheat is one of the major grains in the diet of the world’s population and thereforeit may have a great impact on human health. The yield and chemical compositionof grains can vary greatly due to genetic and environmental factors. The aim of thepresent study was to assess how different climatic conditions affect the chemicalcomposition of wheat grains of the same genotipe. The field trials were establishedin Stende (Latvia) and at Apelsvoll (Norway). Wheat varieties used were ‘Edvins’,‘Ellvis’ and ‘Skagen’ In the studied samples the content of protein, amino acids,1000 grain weight, hectolitre weight and falling number were determined. Theprotein content in the grains ranged from 8.9% to 11.8% in organic fields and from10.0 to 13.1% in conventional fields and differed between the varieties. The proteincontent in the samples of the same variety differed significantly due toenvironmental conditions. The difference in protein content was greater in theorganic fields. The 1000 kernel weight in the wheat grain samples varied from 39.9to 49.2 and depended on the variety and the growing place. The ratio of essentialamino acids to the total content of amino acids (in %) ranged from 30.8 to 33.3% inthe conventional growing system and from 30.5 to 32.9% in the organic growingsystem. Significant difference between the varieties was not detected.

Multivariate micropollutants analysis in marine waters

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
V. Librando ◽  
G. Magazzù ◽  
A. Puglisi
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Data Analysis ◽  
Partial Least Squares Regression ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Organic Micropollutants ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
The Difference

The monitoring of water quality today provides a great quantity of data consisting of the values of the parameters measured as a function of time. In the marine environment, and especially in the suspended material, increasing importance is being given to the presence of organic micropollutants, particularly since some are known to be carcinogenic. As the number of measured parameters increases examining the data and their consequent interpretation becomes more difficult. To overcome such difficulties, numerous chemometric techniques have been introduced in environmental chemistry, such as Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR). The use of the first technique in this work has been applied to the interpretation of the quality of Augusta bay, by measuring the concentration of numerous organic micropollutants, together with the classical water pollution parameters, in different sites and at different times. The MVDA has highlighted the difference between various sampling sites whose data were initially thought to be similar. Furthermore, it has allowed a choice of more significant parameters for future monitoring and more suitable sampling site locations.

Chemical Fingerprint Analysis and Simultaneous Determination of Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Kang Fu Xin Liquid by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 831-843
Author(s):  
Yuwen Wang ◽  
Shuping Li ◽  
Liuhong Zhang ◽  
Shenglan Qi ◽  
Huida Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Wavelength Switching

Background and Objective: Kang Fu Xin liquid (KFX) is an official preparation made from the ethanol extract product from P. Americana. The present quality control method cannot control the quality of the preparation well. The aim of the present study is to establish a convenient HPLC method for multicomponents determination combined with fingerprint analysis for quality control of KFX. Methods: An HPLC-DAD method with gradient elution and detective wavelength switching program was developed to establish HPLC fingerprints of KFX, and 38 batches of KFX were compared and evaluated by similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), and principal component analysis (PCA). Meanwhile, six nucleosides and three amino acids, including uracil, hypoxanthine, uric acid, adenosine, xanthine, inosine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in KFX were determined based on the HPLC fingerprints. Results: An HPLC method assisted with gradient elution and wavelength switching program was established and validated for multicomponents determination combined with fingerprint analysis of KFX. The results demonstrated that the similarity values of the KFX samples were more than 0.845. PCA indicated that peaks 4 (hypoxanthine), 7 (xanthine), 9 (tyrosine), 11, 13 and 17 might be the characteristic contributed components. The nine constituents in KFX, uracil, hypoxanthine, uric acid, adenosine, xanthine, inosine, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, showed good regression (R2 > 0.9997) within test ranges and the recoveries of the method for all analytes were in the range from 96.74 to 104.24%. The limits of detections and quantifications for nine constituents in DAD were less than 0.22 and 0.43 μg•mL-1, respectively. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis of chemical fingerprints and the quantitative analysis of multiple indicators provide a powerful and rational way to control the KFX quality for pharmaceutical companies.

UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based Untargeted Metabolite and Lipid Analysis on Premature Ovarian Insufficiency Plasma Samples.

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Taşcı ◽  
Rahime Bedir Fındık ◽  
Meryem Kuru Pekcan ◽  
Ozan Kaplan ◽  
Mustafa Çelebier
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Analytical Methodology ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phenyl Alanine

Background: Metabolomics is one of the main areas to understand cellular process at molecular level by analyzing metabolites. In recent years metabolomics has been emerged as key tool to understand molecular basis of disease, find diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, and develop new treatment opportunities and drug molecules. Objective: In this study, an untargeted metabolite and lipid analysis were performed to identify potential biomarkers on premature ovarian insufficiency plasma samples. 43 POI subject plasma samples were compared with 32 healthy subject plasma samples. Methods: Plasma samples were pooled and extracted using chloroform:methanol:water (3:3:1 v/v/v) mixture. Agilent 6530 LC/MS Q-TOF instrument equipped with ESI source was used for analysis. A C18 column (Agilent Zorbax 1.8 μM, 50 x 2.1 mm) was used for separation of metabolites and lipids. XCMS, an “R software” based freeware program, was used for peak picking, grouping and comparing the findings. Isotopologue Parameter Optimization (IPO) software was used in order to optimize XCMS parameters. The analytical methodology and data mining process were validated according to the literature. Results: 83 metabolite peaks and 213 lipid peaks were found to be in semi-quantitatively and statistically different (fold change >1.5, p <0.05) between the POI plasma samples and control subjects. Conclusion: According to the results, two groups were successfully separated through principal component analysis. Among the peaks, phenyl alanine, decanoyl-L-carnitine, 1-palmitoyllysophosphatidylcholine and PC(O-16:0/2:0) were identified through auto MS/MS and matched with human metabolome database and proposed as plasma biomarker for POI and monitoring the patients in treatment period.

scholarly journals Effects of Amino Acid Side-Chain Length and Chemical Structure on Anionic Polyglutamic and Polyaspartic Acid Cellulose-Based Polyelectrolyte Brushes

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789
Author(s):  
Dmitry Tolmachev ◽  
George Mamistvalov ◽  
Natalia Lukasheva ◽  
Sergey Larin ◽  
Mikko Karttunen
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Side Chains ◽  
Side Chain Length ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Brushes ◽  
Grafting Density ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cellulose Surface

We used atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study polyelectrolyte brushes based on anionic α,L-glutamic acid and α,L-aspartic acid grafted on cellulose in the presence of divalent CaCl2 salt at different concentrations. The motivation is to search for ways to control properties such as sorption capacity and the structural response of the brush to multivalent salts. For this detailed understanding of the role of side-chain length, the chemical structure and their interplay are required. It was found that in the case of glutamic acid oligomers, the longer side chains facilitate attractive interactions with the cellulose surface, which forces the grafted chains to lie down on the surface. The additional methylene group in the side chain enables side-chain rotation, enhancing this effect. On the other hand, the shorter and more restricted side chains of aspartic acid oligomers prevent attractive interactions to a large degree and push the grafted chains away from the surface. The difference in side-chain length also leads to differences in other properties of the brush in divalent salt solutions. At a low grafting density, the longer side chains of glutamic acid allow the adsorbed cations to be spatially distributed inside the brush resulting in a charge inversion. With an increase in grafting density, the difference in the total charge of the aspartic and glutamine brushes disappears, but new structural features appear. The longer sides allow for ion bridging between the grafted chains and the cellulose surface without a significant change in main-chain conformation. This leads to the brush structure being less sensitive to changes in salt concentration.

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