scholarly journals Soil Improvement Using Waste Marble Dust for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1594-1607
Author(s):  
Abdul Waheed ◽  
Muhammad Usman Arshid ◽  
Raja Abubakar Khalid ◽  
Syed Shujaa Safdar Gardezi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Considerable Improvement ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Loss Of Strength ◽  
Very High

The soils which show very high shear strength in a dry state but rapidly lose their strength on wetting are known as collapsible soils. Such rapid and massive loss of strength produces severe distress leading to extensive cracking and differential settlements, instability of building foundations, and even collapse of structures built on these soils. Waste marble dust is an industrial byproduct and is being produced in large quantities globally poses an environmental hazard. Therefore, it is of the utmost need to look for some sustainable solution for its disposal. The present study focused on the mitigation of the collapse potential of CL-ML soil through a physio-chemical process. The soil is sensitive to wetting, warranting its stabilization. Waste marble dust (WMD) in varying percentages was used as an admixture. The study's optimization process showed that geotechnical parameters of collapsible soil improved substantially by adding waste marble dust. Plasticity was reduced while Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) significantly increased while swelling was reduced to an acceptable limit. The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) also exhibits considerable improvement. This study appraises the safe disposal of hazardous waste safely and turns these into suitable material for engineering purposes. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091746 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Treatment of a collapsible soil using a bentonite–cement mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumia Bellil ◽  
Khelifa Abbeche ◽  
Ouassila Bahloul
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cement Mixture ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Stable Material

Abstract The study of collapsible soils that are generally encountered in arid and semi-arid regions remains a major issue for geotechnical engineers. This experimental study, carried out on soils reconstituted in the laboratory, aims firstly to present a method of reducing the collapse potential to an acceptable level by treating them with different levels of bentonite–cement mixture while maintaining the water content and degree of compactness, thus reducing eventual risks for the structures implanted on these soils. Furthermore, a microscopic study using scanning electron microscopy was carried out to explore the microstructure of the soil in order to have an idea of the phenomena before and after treatment. The results show that treatment with a bentonite–cement mixture improves the geotechnical and mechanical characteristics, modifies the chemical composition of the soil, reduces the collapse potential and the consistency limits. The microstructural study and the X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis clearly illustrate an association of elementary particles in the soil aggregates, whereby the arrangement of these aggregates leads to the formation of a dense and stable material.

scholarly journals Experimental evaluation of the classical and alternative consolidation theories in predicting the volumetric change of contaminated and non-contaminated soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Moisés Lemos ◽  
Lucas Guimarães ◽  
André Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Total Settlement ◽  
Consolidation Coefficient ◽  
Guelph Permeameter

Several regions in Brazil and the world suffer from the presence of collapsible soils. The development of theories for understanding the phenomenon is significant because the increase of water content is associated with several reasons (e.g., precipitation, rupture of sewage, and water systems). Although some theories explain the behavior of various types of soils, they fail to explain collapsible and structured soils. In this research, an alternative interpretation of the consolidation theory is verified and calibrated for collapsible soil. The alternative model was applied to experimental data from a latosol from southeastern Brazil, and comparisons with the classical theory showed a difference in the saturated hydraulic conductivity of around 100 times. The observation showed promising results compared with the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the field (Guelph Permeameter). Furthermore, consolidation tests verified the collapse potential, the variation of consolidation coefficient and saturated hydraulic conductivity, and the total settlement prevision due to the presence of bleach and washing powder.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art-Review of Collapsible Soils

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. AL-Rawas
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Foundation Design ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Compaction Control

Collapsible soils are encountered in arid and semi-arid regions. Such soils cause potential construction problems due to their collapse upon wetting. The collapse phenomenon is primarily related to the open structure of the soil. Several soil collapse classifications based on parameters such as moisture content, dry density, Atterberg limits and clay content have been proposed in the literature as indicators of the soil collapse potential. Direct measurement of the magnitude of collapse, using laboratory and/or field tests, is essential once a soil showed indications of collapse potential. Treatment methods such as soil replacement, compaction control and chemical stabilization showed significant reduction in the settlement of collapsible soils. The design of foundations on collapsible soils depends on the depth of the soil, magnitude of collapse and economics of the design. Strip foundations are commonly used when collapsing soil extends to a shallow depth while piles and drilled piers are recommended in cases where the soil extends to several meters. This paper provides a comprehensive review of collapsible soils. These include the different types of collapsible soils, mechanisms of collapse, identification and classification methods, laboratory and field testing, treatment methods and guidelines for foundation design.

scholarly journals Characterisation of UHMWPE Polymer Powder for Laser Sintering

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yas Khalil ◽  
Neil Hopkinson ◽  
Adam Kowalski ◽  
John Patrick Anthony Fairclough
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Powder Properties ◽  
Sintering Behaviour ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Very High

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a thermoplastic semicrystalline polymer that has outstanding mechanical properties, low friction coefficient, excellent wear resistance, and is highly resistant to corrosive chemicals. UHMWPE is found in many applications including artificial joints and filtration. However, UHMWPE parts cannot be produced easily by traditional techniques, such as injection moulding and extrusion because of its very high melt viscosity owing to the extremely long polymer chains. Few attempts were made to process UHMWPE by additive manufacturing, particularly laser sintering. This is due to the lack of understanding of the powder properties of UHMWPE. Therefore, the aim of the powder characterisation process in this study is to gain a better understanding of the material requirements and provide a detailed insight on whether UHMWPE is a suitable material for laser sintering. The characterisation process includes powder morphological and flow characteristics, thermal behaviour and stability, and crystallinity of UHMWPE. The study reveals that the sintering behaviour of polymers is controlled by the morphology of the particles in addition to the viscous flow of UHMWPE. There are still difficulties of processing UHMWPE due to highly agglomerated structure of smaller particles with the presence of fibrils in the UHMWPE particles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Copper-Based Alloy (C93200) Composites Reinforced with Marble Dust Developed by Stir Casting under Vacuum Environment

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Rajak ◽  
Amit Aherwar ◽  
Deepak Rajendra Unune ◽  
Mozammel Mia ◽  
Catalin I. Pruncu
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Marble Dust ◽  
Copper Based Alloy

Copper-based alloy (C93200) composites reinforced with a different weight percentage of marble dust particles (1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 wt.%) were developed by stir casting method under vacuum environment. By using this type of reinforcement, it was possible to detect a suitable material for bearing applications. The manufactured material was characterized for its mechanical properties using a micro-hardness tester. A universal INSTRON-5967 machine was used to detect the yield and tensile strength. Further the hardness features were measured using a Walter Uhl model machine, whereby the wear characteristics were simulated under the pin-on-disc tribometer under different working conditions in ambient temperature (23 °C). Next, the preference selection index (PSI) technique that considers multi-criteria decision-making was proposed to validate which material was the best candidate. For the selection of material criteria, some specific material intrinsic properties—such as, density, void fraction, hardness resistance along with tensile, compressive, and flexural strength—were proposed and the surface characteristics linked to friction coefficients along wear properties. It was found that the novel composite material containing 4.5 wt.% of marble dust provided the best combination of properties and is a suitable candidate material for bearing applications.

A Comparison of (100) Hg1−x Cdx Te and Hg1−x ZnxTe Grown By Molecular Beam Epitaxy

1987 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Feldman ◽  
R. F. Austin ◽  
P. M. Bridenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
High Electron ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Suitable Material ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Length Range ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTFilms of HgCdTe with x < 0.6 and of HgZnTe with x < 0.26 have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Very high electron mobilities have been achieved for both materials in the small bandgap region. Hall mobilities at 77K reach 4.8 × 105 cm2 /V-s for Hg0 87 Zn0.13 Te, and 3.1 × 105 cm2/V-s for Hg0.87 Zn0.13 Te. HgCdTe growth was easily extended to the 1.5 – 3 μm wave length range. Attempts to extend HgZnTe to these bandgaps were unsuccessful due to defects that are induced by surface roughness in high Zn-content films. These results suggest that HgCdTe is the more suitable material for MBE growth for near infrared applications.

Bearing Capacity Improvement of Shallow Foundations Using Cement-Stabilized Sand

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Rasouli ◽  
Hana Takhtfirouzeh ◽  
Abbasali Taghavi Ghalesari ◽  
Roya Hemati
Keyword(s):  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Reinforced Soil ◽  
Shallow Foundation ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Suitable Material

In order to attain a satisfactory level of safety and stability in the construction of structures on weak soil, one of the best solutions can be soil improvement. The addition of a certain percentage of some materials to the soil may compensate for its deficiency. Cement is a suitable material to be used for stabilization and modification of a wide variety of soils. By using this material, the engineering properties of soil can be improved. In this study, the effect of soil stabilization with cement on the bearing capacity of a shallow foundation was studied by employing finite element method. The material properties were obtained by conducting experimental tests on cement-stabilized sand. Cement varying from 2% to 8% by soil dry weight was added for stabilization. The effect of reinforced soil block dimensions, foundation width and cement content were investigated. From the results, it can be figured out that by stabilizing the soil below the foundation to certain dimensions with the necessary cement content, the bearing capacity of the foundation will increase to an acceptable level.

scholarly journals Study of the Effect of Waste Glass Fibers Incorporation on the Collapsible Soil Stability Behavior

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nassima Bakir ◽  
Khelifa Abbeche ◽  
Gérard Panczer ◽  
Larbi Belagraa
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Collapsible Soil ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Stability

Soil collapse remains a major issue affecting structural foundations, particularly in arid and semi-arid zones where humidification is a key factor contributing to the collapse. Much research has been devoted to identifying treatment methods which enhance the stability and load-bearing capacity of this type of soil. This paper investigates the potential advantages of the addition of milled glass fibers (Fg ). Soil samples were prepared at different compaction energies and various water contents, then treated with different percentages of milled glass fiber, before being submitted to the simple consolidation odometer test. The results obtained in this study showed that soil samples treated with an optimal dosage of 6% of milled glass fibers compacted at 60 blows and humidified at 6% of moisture content. This represents an improvement in the stability of the soil, reducing the collapse potential (Cp) from 11.95% to 1.62%. This treatment method produces soil which can be classified as a moderate risk foundation soil according to the Jennings and Knight evaluation metrics (1975). Keywords: collapsible soils, arid zones, fiberglass, odometer test.

Predicting Collapse Potential of Soils with Neural Networks

1997 ◽  
Vol 1582 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Juang ◽  
David J. Elton
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Training Algorithms ◽  
Index Properties ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
Collapse Potential ◽  
Collapsible Soils ◽  
And Training

Collapsible soils are known to experience a dramatic decrease in volume upon wetting. This can be very detrimental to structures founded on collapsible soils. Whereas field testing might be the most reliable way to determine collapse potential, the engineer often sees it as the last resort. Neural network models for predicting the collapse potential of soils on the basis of basic index properties are presented. Field data, consisting of index properties and collapse potential, are used to train and test neural networks. Various network architectures and training algorithms are examined and compared. The trained networks are shown to be able to identify the collapsible soils and predict the collapse potential.

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