scholarly journals RUSSIAN ADVERB DAVNO ‚LONG AGO, FOR A LONG TIME‘ REVISITED FROM A CORPUS PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Yanko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wh Questions ◽  
Multimodal Corpus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Unique Parameter ◽  
Communicative Structure ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Shed Light

During the last twenty years, the Russian adverb davno ‘long ago, for a long time’ was widely discussed in literature. It was recognized that the unique parameter of davno is its inability to be the theme of a sentence. Moreover, if davno functions in the context of aspectual forms relating to the past it can only be the rheme. In the context of the aspectual verbal forms relating to the past but preserving the connection with the moment of speech, davno can be either the rheme proper, or a component of the rheme. A classic example of an aspectual verb form referring to the past is the general factual meaning of the imperfective aspect. At present, the spoken data corpora can shed light on the communicative structure analysis, since the prosodic structure of the sound speech provides a straightforward access to the communicative structure. Novel parameters of davno are as follows. 1) Whereas davno is traditionally recognized as a word of rhematic polarity it can nevertheless function as a component of the theme in the context of attributive clauses and constructions (Davno soglasovannyj visit dolzhen byl sostojatjsja v aprele ‘A visit planned long ago would take place in April’). 2) The general factual meaning of the imperfective aspect, contrary to what was assumed before, is not an absolute prerequisite for davno to function as the rheme. The spoken corpus showed that in the context of negation and in the context of the verbs of speech, the general factual allows for davno to function as a component of the rheme but not the rheme proper (Ja davno tebja ne videl ‘I have not been seeing you for a long time’; My davno govorili, chto nasha zadacha — eto borjba s terrorismom ‘We have been insisting for a long time that our main goal is the struggle against terrorism’). 3) A specific type of questions with the initial davno (as well as with other adverbs with the meaning of a considerable quantity like chasto ‘often’, mnogo ‘much’, and daleko ‘far away’) is singled out. Such questions cannot be unambiguously classified either as yes-no-questions or as wh-questions (I davno vy zdesj stoite? ‘And how long are you staying here?’). A description of unique prosody of such questions is given. 4) In the context of discourse continuity, davno acquires the rising prosody which is in fact uncharacteristic of a word, which is unable be the theme (Xotel eto sdelat’ davno, no teperj sdelaju tochno ‘I wished to do it long ago, but now I will do it for sure’). The rising tone is accounted for by the meaning of continuity, which has the same prosody as the theme. 5) In constructions kogda-to davno ‘once upon a time’, ochenj davno ‘very long ago’, davno-davno ‘very long ago’, davnymdavno ‘very long ago’, dovoljno davno ‘quite long ago’, ne tak davno ‘not so long ago’ davno loses its rhematic polarity. The parameters of davno are exemplified by spoken fragments taken from the Multimodal corpus of the Russian National corpus, and the minor working collection of the Russian speech recordings specifically set up for this investigation. The software program Praat was used in the process of analyzing the sound data.

Statistical-Mathematical Methods Used in Analysis of Trade in Industrial Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
Tomiță Constantin Vasile ◽  
Luminița Popescu ◽  
Cora Ionela Dăniasă ◽  
Anica Iancu ◽  
Virgil Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Moment

Dairy products are of great socio-economic importance in Romania today. These products have both nutritional and economic importance. The market is the economic category of commodity production in which it expresses the totality of the sale-purchase acts viewed in an organic unit with the relations it generates and in connection with the space in which it takes place. The market originated a long time ago, being related to the moment when, in order to satisfy their existential needs, "discovered" and increasingly "conscious", the people exchanged between them, respectively collectivities, the surpluses held by each individual - individually or collectively. The exchange, set up as a means of realizing its own interests, has seen various forms and has evolved continuously, being still the foundation of all the economies of the world. The market has grown based on the amplification and diversification of human needs. The satisfaction of these needs is given by the close link between producers and consumers.

The Polish Legal and Organisational Solutions Combating Terrorism

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Bernard Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Government Administration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Moment ◽  
National Experience

Legal solutions adopted over the past few years in Poland indicate that attempts are being systematically made to improve the mechanism for counteracting terrorism. Terrorism in Poland has been opposed for a long time. The commencement of such systematic solutions took place on the 25th of October 2006 through the appointment by the Prime Minister of the Inter-ministerial Team for Terrorist Threats and ended ten years later, on the 10th of June 2016, by the adoption of the law on anti-terrorist activities. For the above-mentioned reasons, the two main parts are devoted to the issues of the commencement of legal and organisational undertakings in the fight against terrorism and the characteristics of systemic statutory solutions are preceded by considerations with conclusions. The article discusses the issues of initiatives undertaken by the government administration and presents the circumstances in which it tried to face up to the problem of developing draft laws of the law now in force. In consequence, this serves to present the areas of responsibility and tasks of government administration bodies specified in the said Act. The considerations presented in this study indicate that global and national experience gained in recent years has shaped the“Polish model of combating terrorism”, which has recently found its confirmation in the relevant legal provisions. The basis for the development of this article is the interest in improving the effectiveness of combating terrorism which, for obvious reasons, is not reducing and remains very substantial. This applies to both theoreticians and practitioners. This results first of all from the needs of the challenges and threats that are subject to dynamic changes. Secondly, through the adaptation of the tools used by the state, including those mainly legal of a legal nature. These must be improved from the moment of their implementation.

scholarly journals Regional economic integration as gateway to peace and region’s crises resolving Dry Canal Project and regional railway connection as a model

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-238
Author(s):  
بسمة خليل الأوقاتي
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Economic Integration ◽  
International Level ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
Shed Light

Competition intensified and conflicts intensified in our region and at various levels and a large part of them was a chronic tooth in which blood was flowing and money and wealth were lost and drawing a bleak horizon threatening the future of the nation and its rising generations with the arrival of its devastating destructive effects aspects of education and information and the employment of youth forces, where energies were disrupted and some of them even turned Strong sabotage as a result of hopelessness and blocking the hope for a better life. The paper is trying to shed light on the importance of launching joint economic projects at the regional international level, with Iraq as its center and axis, by benefiting from its central semi-continental (non-marine) geographical situation, which may have formed in the past and for a long time a geo-economic and strategic geo imbalance in the initial primitive accounts, Building and sustaining peace in our country and the countries of the region and reducing the level of negative competition between them is not easy and requires effort, ideas and constructive projects, and the joint economic projects that the region lacks are a necessary need to build and sustain peace in them. The study deals with the importance and pivotal of the Iraqi dry channel project for the Iraqi railway connection between the north and the south as well as between the east and the west (linking the Grand Faw port project to Europe via Turkey and linking Iraq to the Mediterranean via Syria) and it is based on the assumption that conflicts escalate and intensify between countries when weak and the absence of economic relations and trade Between them, on the contrary, the slide towards conflicts and wars is less, weaker and slower in the case of strong, large and effective common interests and structures.

Scotland: The Creation of a Nation’s Prehistory

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rowley-Conwy
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Early History ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Many ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Shed Light

Scotland was the part of Britain that adopted the Three Age System most rapidly and completely. This chapter will argue that there were probably two main reasons for this. The first was that there were some intellectual similarities between Scotland and Denmark, and there had for a long time been strong links between the archaeologists of Edinburgh and Copenhagen—far stronger than ever existed between London and Copenhagen. The second was that, like Denmark, Scotland was seeking an identity rooted in its past. Scotland and Denmark share a number of characteristics. Both were (and are) small northern nations overshadowed by larger southern neighbours, and both were (and are) using their early history to protect their national identities. Although the Romans made inroads into Scotland, neither country had been incorporated into the Roman Empire, so their emergence into history was much more gradual. As scholars looked back through time, there was therefore a more gradual ‘greying out’ of historical knowledge, rather than an abrupt and brightly lit Roman threshold preceded by darkness. Both therefore had a greater willingness to use archaeological materials to shed light in the ‘grey-out’. This is probably one reason for the many archaeological links that had been established between Denmark and Scotland long before Worsaae’s visit. One important link between two key individuals worked in a rather different way, however: the friendship between the Norwegian Peter Andreas Munch and Daniel Wilson was partly based on their common mistrust of Copenhagen’s mid-century archaeological hegemony. But there were also differences between Scotland and Denmark, and these also had their effect on the course of events. The seeking of an identity rooted in the past was in Scotland an endeavour that was potentially fraught with problems. The deposed Stuart monarchy had last invaded Britain only a century before, and many Scots, particularly from the Gaelic-speaking Celtic Highlands, had supported the claim of Charles Stuart, ‘Bonnie Prince Charlie’, in his bid to become King Charles III. His defeat at the Battle of Culloden did not immediately remove the threat of a renewed invasion, and Jacobite agents remained active in the Highlands for some time afterwards (Maclean 1982).

scholarly journals The November 2017Mw5.5 Pohang earthquake: A possible case of induced seismicity in South Korea

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 360 (6392) ◽  
pp. 1003-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Grigoli ◽  
S. Cesca ◽  
A. P. Rinaldi ◽  
A. Manconi ◽  
J. A. López-Comino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Enhanced Geothermal System ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Shed Light

The moment magnitude (Mw) 5.5 earthquake that struck South Korea in November 2017 was one of the largest and most damaging events in that country over the past century. Its proximity to an enhanced geothermal system site, where high-pressure hydraulic injection had been performed during the previous 2 years, raises the possibility that this earthquake was anthropogenic. We have combined seismological and geodetic analyses to characterize the mainshock and its largest aftershocks, constrain the geometry of this seismic sequence, and shed light on its causal factors. According to our analysis, it seems plausible that the occurrence of this earthquake was influenced by the aforementioned industrial activities. Finally, we found that the earthquake transferred static stress to larger nearby faults, potentially increasing the seismic hazard in the area.

scholarly journals Personal Trajectory with Ring Structure Network: Algorithms and Experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Guoqi Liu ◽  
Ruonan Gu ◽  
Jiantao Wang ◽  
Weidong Yan
Keyword(s):  
Complex Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Ring Structure ◽  
Network Algorithms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Source Characteristic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Behavior Characteristics

Network theory has provided a new analytical tool for the study of human trajectory and has also achieved rapid development in the complex network field. Conventional network model or complex network model ignores some details and cannot display the most remarkable features for a GPS based personal trajectory. It is necessary to set up a new personal trajectory model. For the purpose of researching the characteristics of trajectory for one person in a long time, we collected a GPS based personal LifeLog dataset named Liu Lifelog in the past 9 years. This paper analyzed the Liu Lifelog and proposed a ring structure personal trajectory (RSPT) model based on the basic complex network model. We discussed the definition, source, characteristic and attribute of the RSPT model and tested the model with the dataset which was provided by the Geolife project and verified that the model described the characteristic of trajectory for a person well. The result shows that this model is feasible and it can predict the human behavior characteristics more accurately and effectively.

scholarly journals Semiconductors between past and present

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
RASHA SHAKIR MAHMOOD ◽  
Muna Ali Shakir ◽  
Younis Turki Mahmood ◽  
Dhia Hadi Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Communication Process ◽  
Large Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Professional Needs ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Shed Light

There is no doubt that the semiconductor contributed very significantly to changing our world in the long run, which made it very necessary to write this article and shed light on the semiconductor between past and  present. Whereas, this article is not intended to teach you semiconductor chemistry and its applications, but it also aims to refresh your memory with everything related to semiconductors from the moment of sunrise to the present day.As known, people need to communicate with each other in order to meet their daily and professional needs. In the past, the communication process was very difficult and sometimes costly until the emergence of what is known as semiconductors, which in turn opened new purview in the world of communications through its entry into the communication devices industry and computers industry and its ability to processing The data, in turn, facilitated and summarized a very long journey on humans in the field of industry. Today, we are on the beginning of a new sun rise of semiconductor, especially after the emergence of the so-called nanotechnology, where semiconductors have been observed a very large role in the development of this technology, not only but have become Part of the integral ones.

scholarly journals Diaspora Identity and a New Generation: Armenian Diaspora Youth on the Genocide and the Karabakh War

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 915-930
Author(s):  
Dmitry Chernobrov ◽  
Leila Wilmers
Keyword(s):  
Digital Communication ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Armenian Diaspora ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractIn this article, we explore the role of the early 20th-century Armenian genocide and the unresolved Karabakh conflict of the 1990s in identity shaping among the new generation of Armenian diaspora—those who grew up after the establishment of the independent Armenian state in 1991. We draw on original interviews with diasporic youth in France, the United Kingdom, and Russia—diasporas that were largely built in the aftermath of the genocide and the Karabakh war. Diaspora youth relate to these events through transmitted collective memories, but also reconnect with the distant homeland’s past and present in new ways as they engage with new possibilities of transnational digital communication and mobility. Their experiences of identity shed light on how the new generation of diasporic Armenians defines itself in relation to the past; how this past is (re)made present in their interpretations of the Karabakh conflict and in everyday behaviors; and how diasporic youth experience the dilemmas of “moving on” from traumatic narratives that for a long time have been seen as foundational to their identity.

scholarly journals Does the acquisition of aspect have anything to do with aspectual pairs?

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 39-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Vladimirovna Gagarina
Keyword(s):  
Strong Preference ◽  
Perfective Aspect ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Imperfective Aspect ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Speech Time ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Moment

The purpose of this research was to trace the developmental steps in the acquisition of aspectual oppositions in Russian and to examine the validity of the 'aspect before tense' hypothesis for L1-speaking children. Imperfective/perfective verbs and their inflections, as well as aspectual pairs, were analysed in the first five months of verb production (and the respective months in the input) in three children. Additionally, the first four months of verb production were investigated in one boy with less data. Verb forms marked for the past and for the present occur simultaneously in all children. These early forms relate to 'here and now' situations: verbs marked for the past denote 'resultative' events that are perceived by the children as occurring during the speech time or immediately before it, while verbs marked for the present typically denote on-going events. Thus, with early tense oppositions (or tense morphology) children mark aspectual contrasts in the moment of speech: evidence in favour of the 'aspect before tense' hypothesis. A strong preference in using the perfective aspect for the past and the imperfective aspect for the present events has been found in both adults and children. Further, only very few aspectual pairs were documented within the analysed period (from the onset of verb production to the period when children produce rule-driven inflectional forms). The productive use of the finite forms of perfective and imperfective verbs doesn't concord with the ability of the productive use of the contrastive forms of one lemma. Data suggest that children (start to) learn aspectual forms in an item-based manner. The acquisition of aspectual oppositions (aspectual pairs) is lexically dependent and is guided by the contextual 'thesaurus'. Aspectual pairs are learned in a peace-meal way during much longer, than observed for this article, period of time. Generally, aspect is not learned as a rule, also because there are no (uniform) rules of forming of aspectual pairs, but as the 'satellite' of the inherent lexical meaning of verbs of diverse Aktionsarten. The issues addressed here are relevant for other Slavic languages, exhibiting the morphological category of aspect.  

scholarly journals Social-Philosophical Perspectives of Unconditional Basic Income

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Employment Status ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Philosophical Nature

The article considers the problem of universal basic income (regular monetary payment to each person regardless of his financial or employment status). The author believes that this topic can become one of the most relevant for social-philosophical research. The author notes that although the problem has been of concern to philosophers and scientists for a long time, it has become especially relevant only recently – over the past ten years. The following reasons are given as an explanation: (a) recent experiments on the introduction of a universal basic income in Western countries, (b) the trend toward automation and technologization, (c) the transformation of the economy, which is becoming more and more precarious. The author notes that the topic of universal basic income has become relevant even in Russian science, however, not in social philosophy, as in the West, but mainly in economics. The author argues that, since the discussion about basic income in the economic dimension has already taken place, it should be expanded to the field of social philosophy. To do this, the author raises a number of questions that will shed light on the social-philosophical nature of the problem of universal basic income – freedom, justice, welfare state, etc. Special attention is paid to the curious ideological transformations that became possible by the emergence of topic of basic income. First of all, basic income contributes to the formation of new ideologies, such as post-capitalism. Secondly, basic income itself can be considered as a new ideology, which is a synthesis of other ideological trends – libertarianism, feminism, Marxism, etc. Thirdly, post-capitalism, which emphasizes basic income, opens up much more significant problems than replacing labor and turning all people into a precariat. The author hopes that this paper will serve as the beginning of the discussion of the issue of basic income in the context of social-philosophical knowledge.

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