Combating Systematic Research Inequality Through Multiple Research Approaches: Exploring the Role of Federal Funding Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Decker-Woodrow ◽  
Donald Barfield
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Diversity ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
What Works ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
Study Participants

The importance of the ethnic diversity of study participants is well established in the medical, social science, and education fields but more work is needed. Currently, the concern revolves around the inclusion of racial diversity, within study populations, in the reporting of results, and diversity of authors and reviewers of research (Roberts, Bareket-Shavit, et al., 2020). In response to a call for action from the Director of the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) in light of the deaths of George Floyd and Brianna Taylor (Schneider, 2020, para. 1), the authors posit three recommendations that directly address the call for action given the aspirations of IES to be responsive to diversity challenges in research and legislative requirements for educational practitioners. Recommendations include the more thorough reporting of study population racial diversity within the What Works Clearinghouse, the creation of additional funding structures within IES that create opportunity for multiple research approach studies and potentially enhance racial diversity (in studies, study topics, researchers, and reviewers), and the development of metrics to assess progress in addressing racial diversity goals over time. Together, the recommendations in this theoretical paper support research focused on increasing the knowledge base of what works, for whom, and under what conditions, that acknowledge the importance of tailored solutions for people of color.

scholarly journals Domestic violence and coping strategies among married adults during lockdown due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in India: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Anita Khokhar
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: There has been a reported increase in cases of domestic violence during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, however systematic research data is still unavailable. This study was conducted to find out domestic violence prevalence and coping strategies among married adults during lockdown due to COVID-19 in India. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among married men and women in the month of April 2020. Data regarding socio-demographic profile, domestic violence and coping strategies employed during lockdown was collected thorough google forms. 97.9% forms were completely filled by the respondents. Descriptive analysis was done. Results: Out of 94 study participants, about 7.4% (n=7) had faced domestic violence during lockdown. Out of these 7 participants, about 85.7% (n=6) reported increased frequency of domestic violence during lockdown. About half of the victims chose to ignore it (57.1%, n=4) or used yoga/meditation (42.9%, n=3) to cope. Conclusion: With about 7.4% study participants facing domestic violence during lockdown, it is necessary to study its detailed epidemiology in pandemics so that interventions like helpline numbers, screening of patients during tele-consultation, etc. which can be delivered even during lockdown with the help of healthcare and frontline workers could be devised to address this problem.

scholarly journals Awareness Among Undergraduate Students of Mangalore City Regarding Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Questionnaire Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeksha Das ◽  
Ramya Shenoy ◽  
Megha Mukherjee ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Nikita Rungta
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Imminent Threat ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objectives: COVID-19 outbreak has surfaced as an imminent threat for the public health. Because India is a populous country, it is important for Indians to be aware of the basic modes of prevention that can diminish the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Aim: The present questionnaire study was carried out among the undergraduate students to assess the awareness regarding the spread and control of COVID-19. Methods: The questionnaire was circulated among the undergraduate students as a Google form. Results: The study included responses of 868 undergraduate students belonging to 2 university colleges. The majority of the participants were females (63%; n = 547) in the age range of 18-23 y. Approximately 98.3% (853) had awareness regarding COVID-19. Approximately 94.7% (822) were washing their hands after visiting public places, out of which only 90.6% (786) were aware of proper steps to be followed in hand washing. It was concluded that it is required to create awareness among 20.8% (181) of our study participants regarding the importance of hand washing to control COVID-19. Conclusions: Awareness regarding COVID-19 among study participants was good. However, a small part of the study population is required to be educated on proper steps to be followed in hand washing.

scholarly journals 2490 Research navigation services and onboarding: Succeeding in the research environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 59-60
Author(s):  
Rebecca Namenek Brouwer ◽  
Geeta Swamy
Keyword(s):  
New Faculty ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Consultative Service ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
Funding Opportunities

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Describe (1) the components of the research navigation service and consultation/onboarding program, (2) use and adoption of the services, and (3) the overall satisfaction from the research community. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Duke offers 2 programs to support researchers: Research Navigation and Researcher Onboarding. The services aim to connect researchers to resources, offices, funding opportunities, and other collaborators. The general Research Navigation Service is an on-demand “hotline,” where navigators answer questions from researchers across the institution, helping them understand processes, best practices, and how to locate resources or potential collaborators. Navigators can be reached via the myRESEARCHhome portal, email, or by phone. The researcher onboarding program is a free 1:1 consultative service, focused on the researcher’s individual portfolio, stage of career, and immediate plans in the research arena. The goal is to equip researchers “from the start” to be successful. Researchers are identified via the new faculty hire list, or by referral. Both services are provided by the myRESEARCHnavigators team, who are trained in a variety of research areas, from basic to clinical to social sciences, and are familiar with Duke. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Use of both services has increased substantially over the year. Of the almost 200 faculty members hired into the School of Medicine in 2017, ~75% have taken part in the onboarding program, and 91% have rated the service as 5-stars. The content of the sessions will be described. The Research Navigation service has fielded hundreds of calls since its inception, with topics including Equipment and Facilities (55 requests), Study start up (44 requests), Innovation and Technology (15 requests), and Regulation and Policy (25 requests). Categorization of requests, users of the services, and other information about the programs will be described. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The navigation and onboarding services are proving to be a successful way to increase efficiency and understanding of processes and resources across the institution. Feedback from the users, coupled with high referral rates to the programs, suggests that the program is helping researchers feel better equipped with regard to their research planning, conduct, and analysis.

scholarly journals Patient and family engagement in incident investigations: exploring hospital manager and incident investigators’ experiences and challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josje Kok ◽  
Ian Leistikow ◽  
Roland Bal
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Incident Investigation ◽  
Professional Perspective ◽  
Study Participants

Objective There is growing recognition among health care providers and policy makers that when things go wrong, the patient or their families should be heard and participate in the incident investigation process. This paper explores how Dutch hospitals organize patient or family engagement in incident investigations, maps out incident investigators’ experiences of involving patients or their families in incident investigations and identifies the challenges encountered. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers and incident investigators in 13 Dutch hospitals. Study participants (n = 18) were asked about the incident investigation routines and their experiences of involving affected patients or family members. Interview transcripts were coded and analysed using thematic content analysis. Results Our findings reveal that patient or family involvement in incident investigations is typically organized as a one-time interview event. Interviews with patients or their families were considered to be valuable and important in their own right and seen as a way to do justice to the individual needs of the patient or their family. Yet, the usefulness and validity of the patient or family perspective for incident investigations was often seen to be limited, with the professional perspective afforded more weight. This was particularly the case when the patient or their family were unable to provide verifiable details of the incident under investigation. Study participants described challenges when involving patients or family members, including in relation to the available timeframe for incident investigations, legal issues, managing trust and working with intense emotions. Conclusions We propose that by placing patient and family criteria of significance at the centre of incident investigations (i.e. an ‘emic’ research approach), hospitals may be able to expand their learning potential and improve patient-centeredness following an incident.

Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lin ◽  
Pochu Ho
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Population Number ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Location Study ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Study Intervention ◽  
Treatment Alternatives ◽  
Relapse Rates

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial on major depressive disorder. The STAR*D trial was designed to address some basic questions about depression treatment. What are the outcomes and the remission rates for depression? What are the long-term outcomes, especially the relapse rates, for patients receiving sequential depression therapies? Starting with these questions, this chapter describes the basics of the STAR*D trial, including funding, study location, study population, number of study participants, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. In addition, this chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Podutwar Priyanka Diliprao ◽  
GS Madhushankari ◽  
KP Mohankumar ◽  
SB Praveen ◽  
Pramod Redder Chandrappa
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Oral And Pharyngeal Cancer ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Tobacco Usage ◽  
Tobacco Chewing

ABSTRACT Background Tobacco usage in any form has devastating effects on the health of the person including oral and pharyngeal cancer, which is one of the major causes of death. Aim This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of tobacco consumption in various forms among dental outpatients. Materials and methods Patients reporting to the outpatient department of the College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Bengaluru, India, were evaluated for the presence or absence of habit. Habit history was recorded using standardized proforma from every patient, and the obtained data was assessed in relation to age, gender, duration of habit, and frequency of tobacco consumption. Results Among the 507 study participants, habits were present in 115 (22.68%), among which 101 (87.82%) were males and 14 (12.17%) were females. Among males, raw tobacco chewing and gutkha chewing had equal prevalence [25 (21.73%)] followed by cigarette smoking [23 (20%)]. In females, tobacco chewing [10 (8.69%)] was the most common habit and none of them smoked tobacco. Habits were more prevalent between the age group of 16 and 30 years. The results were found to be highly significant on applying chi-square test. Conclusion Higher prevalence of tobacco usage among the study population as compared with other studies needs to be addressed and counseled. How to cite this article Diliprao PP, Madhushankari GS, Mohankumar KP, Praveen SB, Chandrappa PR, Nandini DB. Prevalence of Tobacco Habits in Dental Outpatients. CODS J Dent 2016;8(1):9-11.

Public Knowledge and Perception of Toads and Frogs in Three Areas of Subtropical Southeast China

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Nates Jimenez ◽  
Petra Lindemann-Matthies
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Test Study ◽  
Urban Study ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The City ◽  
People’S Perceptions

This study investigated people’s perceptions and knowledge of toads and frogs in three areas of Southeast China: rural Gutian Shan, semi-rural Xin Gan Shan, and the city of Quzhou. In 2010, 672 randomly selected laypersons (between eight and 80 years old) were interviewed with the help of a standardized questionnaire and a picture test. Study participants named a variety of toads and frogs. The naming of a species and its actual identification on paper was positively correlated. Overall, toads and frogs were thought to be rather beautiful. The more amphibian species participants correctly identified, the more they considered them beautiful. Amphibians were considered important for pest control, medicinal purposes, and consumption. With increasing age, more toads and frogs were named and also correctly identified. The urban study population named and identified more species correctly than the rural one, and women identified more species correctly than men.

scholarly journals Adherence to the low carbohydrate diet and the risk of breast Cancer in Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahareh Sasanfar ◽  
Fatemeh Toorang ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh ◽  
Kazem Zendehdel
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Previous studies on the link between macronutrients and breast cancer have mostly focused on individual macronutrients rather than their combination. This study investigates the association between adherence to a low carbohydrate diet and odds of breast cancer among women. Methods This hospital-based case-control study was carried out on 412 women with pathologically confirmed breast cancer within the past year and 456 apparently healthy controls that were matched in terms of age and residential place. Dietary data was collected using a 168-item validated FFQ. Participants were classified in terms of quintiles of percentages of energy intake from carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Then, individuals in the highest quintile of fat and protein intake were given a score of 5 and those in the lowest quintile of these macronutrients were given a score of 1. Participants in the other quintiles of these macronutrients were given the corresponding score. In terms of carbohydrate intake, those in the highest quintile received a score of 1 and those in the lowest quintile received 5. The scores were then summed up to calculate the total low carbohydrate diet (LCD) score, which varied from 3 to 15. A higher score meant greater adherence to a low carbohydrate diet. Results The mean age of study participants was 45.2 y and mean BMI was 28.4 kg/m2. Mean LCD score of participants was 8.9 ± 2.5 (8.9 ± 2.6 in cases and 9.0 ± 2.5 in controls). Although no significant association was observed between adherence to the LCD score and odds of breast cancer in the study population, a trend toward significant positive association was seen between consumption of LCD and odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women; after controlling for several potential confounders, individuals in the third quartile of LCD score were 1.94 times more likely to have breast cancer than those in the lowest quartile (95% CI: 1.00, 3.76). This association strengthened after controlling for dietary variables (2.50; 1.18–5.32). Even after further adjustment for BMI, this association remained significant (2.64, 1.23–5.67). No significant relationship was observed in premenopausal women, either before or after controlling for confounders. Conclusion Adherence to LCD may be associated with increased odds of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals School Bullying Behavior among Adolescents in Palestinian Public Schools from their Teachers’ Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Majdi Jayousi
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bullying Behavior

The purpose of this study was to investigate the school bullying behavior among adolescents in public schools in the Qalqilya Governorate from the teachers’ perspective in the first semester of the academic year (2018-2019). The study sample consisted of (240) teachers from the whole study population, which comprised 1200 teachers from public schools in the Qalqilya Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive research approach. A Questionnaire was used to measure school bullying behaviors. The questionnaire consisted of (30) sentences, divided into three domains. Its consistency and reliability were verified. the results of the study. Results showed that there were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) in the phenomenon of school bullying behavior among adolescents in public schools in the Qalqilya Governorate from the teachers’ perspective due to the variable of gender. There were no statistically significant differences at the significance level of (α ≤ 0.05) in the phenomenon of school bullying behavior among adolescents in public schools in the Qalqilya Governorate from the teachers’ perspective due to the variable of the school. The study recommended the need to focus on teacher, counselor and trainer professional development to deal effectively with students’ behavioral problems.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nomophobia among the undergraduate medical students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish B. R. ◽  
Bharath J.
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Nomophobia (no mobile phobia), is the fear an individual gets if he is out of mobile phone contact due to no network, has run out of balance or run out of battery; the persons gets anxious, which adversely affects the concentration level of the person. Since the younger generation is the latest consumer of the mobile phones and the under 25 year age group in professional colleges like medical colleges use mobile phones quite frequently this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of nomophobia in the undergraduate students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences during May 2018 to June 2018. All undergraduate students were included i.e. same as study population (n=450). Data collection was done during June 2018 using structured questionnaire.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 20.1±1.3 years. Majority of the study population were hostelites. Approximate amount of money spent on last recharge/last postpaid bill was INR 354.1±185.0. Main reasons for using smartphones were ‘to call family members’, ‘using internet for academics’ and ‘for social networking’. Prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia among the study population was 99.0%. No statistical significant difference was observed between gender and nomophobia.Conclusions: Prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduate medical student was 99.0% and majority had moderate level of nomophobia. There was no association between nomophobia and gender, place of present residence, amount of money spent on last recharge. 

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