scholarly journals RUSSIAN AGGRESSION AS A CHALLENGE IN THE SPHERE OF UKRAINE'S NATIONAL SECURITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-283
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolaienko
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
World Order ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
State Security ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Traditional Approaches

It’s stated that the annexation of Crimea and Russian-Ukrainian hybrid war in Eastern Ukraine is a threat and a challenge not only to Ukraine’s national security, its sovereignty but also to the contemporary world order. Ukrainian political system has not yet formed an appropriate and effective means and mechanisms to counter Russian hybrid expansion. The author underscore that it is impossible to ensure national security of Ukraine today, using only traditional approaches combined to improve the state security functions or satisfy some narrow interests. This approach is ineffectual and also stimulates overspending of public resources and leads to duplication of the central authorities’ functions, and sometimes even starts threat to the state’s national interests. Russian aggression is the result of ineffectual government policies, rising corruption, and lack of sufficient resources to ensure living standards of the population. It is proved that for Russia the war with Ukraine is a perfect way to overcome the dysfunctional private system, as cheap media and small losses not only ensured survival but also laid the possibility of prolonged exposure to other geopolitical players, and development trends in the geopolitical environment.

scholarly journals Root causes and ways of the settlement of ethno-political conflicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-392
Author(s):  
V. V. Naumkin
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
The State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Characteristic Features

The presentation analyzes three belts of ethno-political conflict that directly affect the national interests of Russia. The link between ethno-political processes and globalization is highlighted, uncovering a number of challenges. Seven characteristic features of the contemporary world order are identified and their influence on the state of ethno-political conflicts and the prospects for their settlement are discussed.

scholarly journals Features of Establishment of the Ukrainian Local Orthodox Church in Conditions of Ongoing Russian Agression

2018 ◽  
pp. 722-732
Author(s):  
Serhii Zdioruk
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The State ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Modern Russian

The essence and need for the establishment of the Ukrainian Local Orthodox Church are revealed. It shows a direct correlation between the assertion of independence of Ukrainian Orthodoxy from the Moscow Patriarchate and the consolidation of Ukrainian society and the strengthening of national security of Ukraine. A dangerous challenge for the Ukrainian people is that we were forced to realize our ethno-religious identity not through world structures (the Vatican, the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and so on), but through Russian Orthodox fundamentalism, obscurantism, and primitive rite of passage, as a result of the inadequate policy of our guides for decades after the restoration of state independence. The article shows the threats to the national interests and national security of the state created by the activities of the Moscow Patriarchate in Ukraine. Russia now considers the use of inter-Orthodox relations as one of the effective mechanisms against the consolidation of the Ukrainian people for the approval of the Ukrainian local Orthodox Church. It is stated that as a result of the deconsolidation of the Ukrainian Orthodox community, Ukraine will lose the potential of Ukrainian citizens. It is noted that the assertion of the Ukrainian local Orthodox Church is equal to the establishment of the national Church, regardless of other foreign religious centres. The recommendations suggest measures, in particular legislative ones, for the democratic settlement of public-religious and state-Church relations in order to consolidate Ukrainian society. They should help ensure the realization of the national interests of the Ukrainian people in the conditions of modern Russian aggression. Keywords: Ukrainian Local Orthodox Church, national interests of Ukraine, Russian aggression, hybrid war, establishment, international religious relations.

Ukraine as a Society of Risk (Proof Based on the Theory of National Security)

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-52
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Smolianiuk ◽  
Mykola Balan
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
National Security ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
The State ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Hybrid War

The purpose of the article. Identify the nature of challenges, threats, dangers and risks as destructive factors of social, man-made and natural origin; to prove the priority of the category “threat” as a kind of risk in the domestic legislation on national security; to argue the thesis about Ukraine’s belonging to “risk societies”; point to the further complication of the process of producing various threats and challenges against the state and society. Scientific novelty. Based on the use of the current legal framework of Ukraine on national security, the existence of a process of continuous accumulation of risks in key areas of the state and the transformation of Ukrainian society on this basis into a “society of risk” is proved. Emphasis is placed on accelerating this process in the context of the hybrid war launched by Russia against Ukraine in 2014. Social development dictates the need for a clear verbal designation of destructive factors against the interests of the majority (national interests). The terms describing their likely or real impact on society were “challenges”, “threats”, “dangers” and “risks”. The natural step of their substantive definition and meaningful filling was their implementation in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of national security theory. In a broad sense, national security is proposed to be considered a state of protection of national interests and values, both from challenges, threats and dangers, and risks. The most widely used term in Ukraine’s socio-political realities is the “threat” that is widely represented in national legislation on national security. The total number of threats in modern Ukraine is steadily increasing. According to Western analytical developments, the excessive spread of threats in basic social spheres (economic, political, social, spiritual, cultural, etc.) gives reason to qualify Ukraine as a “risk society”. The situation is complicated by the hybrid war being waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and other democratic countries. It is advisable to present the modern hostilities initiated by Russia as a process of continuous production of threats (risks), the total effect of which should be the destruction of the Ukrainian statehood. In such circumstances, Ukraine should accelerate the process of development (updating) and practical implementation of key strategic documents – the National Security Strategy, the Military Security Strategy, the Cyber Security Strategy, the Public Security and Civil Defense Strategy, the Strategy for the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex. But for the time being, such documents are either substantially outdated or missing at all. Conclusions. Society, based on its complex nature, built on unity and the struggle of opposites, feels the constant impact of challenges, threats and dangers (risks), which it generates. There are no unified and generally accepted interpretations of challenges, threats, dangers and risks. Each country offers its own formats of their interaction and mutual transformation. The most widely used of these are “threats” (Ukraine) and “risks” (Western countries). The total number of risks in which Ukraine is directly or indirectly involved is steadily progressing. Accordingly, modern Ukraine is a clearly defined “society of risks.” Under the pressure of numerous challenges, threats and dangers, Ukraine as a “society of risks” abandons the unambiguous (linear) formulation of threats to national security inherent in specific public spheres, and their legislative consolidation. The state provides for the preparation and periodic updating of a number of strategies (national security, military security, cybersecurity, other documents), which should contain a list of major threats that currently exist in state and social development. Key words: challenge, threat, danger, risk, national security, hybridization of threats, risk society.

scholarly journals Hybrid War and the National Security of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
V. M. Rodachin
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
American Military ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military

The article is devoted to the military conflicts of the XXI century and the existing approaches to their understanding of the foreign and domestic scientific literature. The subject of research is the phenomenon and theory of “hybrid war”, which originated in the late 1990s — early 2000s, and are widely used in current conditions. The founders of the term, theoretical concept and military doctrinal foundations of “hybrid war” are American military experts. The article reveals the stages of formation of the theory of hybrid war, the existing militarytheoretical and political-ideological approaches to the characterisation of its essence. The author emphasised the unfounded nature of the accusations against the Russian Federation about the “annexation of Crimea”, the implementation of “hybrid aggression” in the South-East of Ukraine and other regions. Further, the author presented the analysis of real, not fictional signs of “hybrid war”. The author concluded that hybrid wars are a new instrument of aggression of the neo-Imperial Western powers against sovereign States as opposed to the hegemony of the United States in the crisis of the unipolar world order. The necessity of improving the system of national security of Russia taking into account the USA and NATO unleashing against our country “hybrid war” and its possible escalation is substantiated.

scholarly journals “Staff Reserve” of De-Escalation: M. Rojansky on American-Russian Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505
Author(s):  
Yury G. Golub ◽  
◽  
Sergei Y. Shenin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
World Order ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Security Council ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Us

The article is devoted to the analysis of the political, scientific and practical activities of the director of the Kennan Institute, Matthew Rojanski. In the context of the statements of the Biden administration on the need to de-escalate US-Russian relations and taking into account the attempt to appoint Rozhansky to the post of Russia Director on the US National Security Council, the evolution of his worldview, the system of views on the modern world order, the role of Russia in the contemporary world and nature of relations between Washington and Moscow are considered. It is concluded that Rojanski’s foreign policy views are close to the liberal-universalist ideology of the progressive grouping in the Democratic Party.

PECULIARITIES OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS INTERNATIONAL UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
World Order ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Stability And Instability ◽  
The Media

Aspects of national security in the modern globalized world are analyzed, methods of influencing the factors of national security are studied, special attention is paid to the role of national interests in the context of national security, the issues of «legitimization of power» and «right of rebellion» as ones of the internal destabilizing factors of national security are analyzed. The main focus is given to the information and psychological confrontation in the media and its impact on human consciousness. The necessity of struggle against external influences for stable development and strengthening of own state sovereignty is analyzed. The document «On the National Security Strategy of Ukraine» is considered as a fundamental legislation that regulates and establishes the directions of threat to Ukraine in the context of information confrontation between states. The main elements of influence and their result on European countries are studied. Recent events in Belarus and the coronavirus pandemic are forcing more attention to national security issues and threats from outside players. The main factor in preserving sovereignty is the clear formulation of one's own national interests and defending them in the international arena. Extension of Ukraine’s cooperation with the world’s leading countries (especially in the field of cyber security and military cooperation) should help strengthen interstate ties and expand interstate partnerships in the field of economy and security. The main aspects of stability and instability among modern methods of political struggle are highlighted. The study of national security involves the analysis of current world political events and processes, namely – globalization, migration, economic crisis, technological development, etc. These processes are very interconnected and, to some extent, complement each other. We can see that global political change in the world at the beginning of the ХХІst century is the foundation for a new world order.

COMMUNICATIVE SYNERGY OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN HYBRID WAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasyl Lyzanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
National Security ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
National Values ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The author characterized the Ukrainian national values, national interests and national goals. It is emphasized that national values are conceptual, ideological bases, consolidating factors, important life guidelines on the way to effective protection of Ukraine from Russian aggression and building a democratic, united Ukrainian state. Author analyzes the functioning of the mass media in the context of educational propaganda of individual, social and state values, the dominant core of which are patriotism, human rights and freedoms, social justice, material and spiritual wealth of Ukrainians, natural resources, morality, peace, religiosity, benevolence, national security, constitutional order. These key national values are a strong moral and civic core, a life-giving element, a self-affirming synergy, which on the basis of homogeneity binds the current Ukrainian society with the ancestors and their centuries-old material and spiritual heritage. Attention is focused on the fact that the current problem of building the Ukrainian state and protecting it from the brutal Moscow invaders is directly dependent on the awareness of all citizens of the essence of national values, national interests, national goals and filling them with the meaning of life, charitable socio-political life. It is emphasized that the missionary vocation of journalists to orient readers and listeners to the meaningful choice of basic national values, on the basis of which Ukrainian citizens, regardless of nationality together they will overcome the external Moscow and internal aggression of the pro-Russian fifth column, achieve peace, return the Ukrainian territories seized by the Kremlin imperialists and, in agreement will build Ukrainian Ukraine.

Part I International Law and Global Security, Ch.1 The Concept of Security in International Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
White Nigel D ◽  
Davies-Bright Auden
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Collective Security ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Political Literature ◽  
State Security ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

This chapter traces the development of ‘security’ in international legal discourse from State security, to collective security, to human security, in order to understand whether there has been a change of emphasis or, in fact, a deepening of security. National security focuses on the safety of the nation-State, which necessitates placing national interests over collective interests. Collective security marks a transition in that the more national interests become diluted, the more centralized a response becomes, and the concept of threats to peace and security is broadened to include events within States that have international repercussions. The chapter considers the debates about ‘security’ at a conceptual level, drawing on legal and political literature, and then sets them against developments in practice to see if a conclusion can be drawn on the precise nature and function of ‘security’ in international law. It addresses the question of whether ‘peace’ and ‘security’ are, or should be seen as, norms of international law. The lack of formal legal definition of security signifies that subjective views, particularly intersubjective understandings of security, have facilitated the breakdown of the State–human security divide. The chapter looks at the implications for this as security moves from being the primary purpose of international law and institutions to becoming a primary norm.

Soft Power in the Contemporary World: Recommendations to the Small States’ Security

Unity Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Dharma Bahadur Baniya
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
World Order ◽  
Small States ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Hard Power ◽  
National Power ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Military

Since the emergence of the New World Order in the international relations, the pursuit of national interests through traditional hard power has come under intense criticism. Employment of military instrument in foreign soil in particular, has been questioned. Examples of Afghanistan, Korean Peninsula, Iraq, and Middle-East demonstrate that hard power approach alone, has been barely successful to handle multi-dimensional security challenges in the contemporary world. Although the hard power remains as important instruments of national power, its employment is becoming less significant due to its legitimacy and effectiveness in the changing global environment. Hence, the concept of soft power has been advanced as an alternative approach because of its potential of securing national interest without using force or coercion. Though the smart power, as an appropriate combination of hard and smart powers, has its implications in the international politics; soft power constitutes a very real power. This article argues on why soft power has been a more relevant instrument for the states being blessed or lacking the military might. Finally, the article presents its analysis with implications and recommends on ways in which small states like Nepal need to resort to soft power to ensure their foreign policy objectives and security in the changing international order.

scholarly journals MODERN MODELS OF HYBRID WAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
А. В. Дугінець ◽  
Т. Г. Бусарєва
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Uncertainty Model ◽  
The Media ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military

As a result of large-scale processes and trends that have taken place in recent decades in the context of globalization and the information revolution, forms, methods, means and, accordingly, interpretations of national interests and national security are being more or less noticeably metamorphosed. Against this background, in recent years, the concept of "hybrid wars" has rapidly entered the military-political lexicon. It is not only firmly established in the scientific and journalistic literature, as well as in the media, but is also widely used in official documents determining the behavior of states in the international arena. New concepts and methods of conducting hybrid war are developing very rapidly today, which requires a revision of the classic military methods of forecasting and planning both offensive and defensive strategies. Like any other war, gybrid war is an area of unreliability and uncertainty. The inaccuracy of intelligence and the constant intervention of chance lead to the fact that the parties to the conflict actually face a completely different situation than expected, and this can not but affect the planning or at least the perceptions of the situation that formed the basis of strategic plans. The transformation of hybrid warfare into a new type of interstate confrontation raises the issue of the use of modern tools of support and decision-making as a priority. The use of the hybrid war model for this purpose is increasingly going beyond the purely scientific sphere, making it an effective factor in ensuring the national security of countries. The development of effective hybrid warfare strategies and counter-strategies requires the introduction of new technologies based on the modeling and application of AI. The symbiosis of modern scientific knowledge and approaches allows us to study, predict and plan modern hybrid military conflicts as nonlinear objects operating in conditions of high uncertainty. Model, created for this purpose, should be easily integrated into the political and military decision-making process and, given the complexity of this activity, be integrated. This approach will provide an adequate understanding of the complex, ever-changing phenomena of hybrid warfare and hybrid threads and take them into account in the system of national and global security.

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