scholarly journals Caracterização da biomassa de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com vistas energéticas

ForScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e00928
Author(s):  
Carlos Guilherme Lopes Grotto ◽  
Adão Marcos Ferreira Costa ◽  
Carla Jovania Gomes Colares ◽  
Douglas Henrique Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Direct Energy ◽  
Calorific Power

A utilização de biomassas residuais de plantas utilizadas na agroindústria tem sido crescente. O bagaço de cana-de-açúcar se destaca nesse cenário, já que a cultura da planta é muito difundida, gerando grandes quantidades desse resíduo. Neste contexto é necessário entender as características dessa biomassa para poder otimizar a geração de energia. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar o potencial energético da biomassa de cana-de-açúcar por meio da análise dos principais parâmetros que influenciam esse processo. Foram realizadas análises de poder calorífico superior, análises químicas imediatas, infravermelho e análise elementar, com o intuito de avaliar o potencial energético desse material. Observou-se bom nível de poder calorífico superior, 4309,50 kcal kg-1, além de teores baixos de cinzas, 0,95%, fatores que podem explicar a grande utilização da biomassa de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar para a geração de energia direta, principalmente na indústria. Palavras-chave: Resíduos. Cana-de-açúcar. Fonte de energia.   Characterization of sugar cane bagasse biomass with energy views Abstract The use of residual biomass from plants used in agribusiness has been increasing. The sugarcane bagasse stands out in this scenario, since the plant's culture is very widespread, generating large amounts of this residue. In this context, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of this biomass in order to optimize the energy generation. With the above, the present study had as objective characterize and evaluate energy potential of sugarcane biomass through the analysis of the main parameters that influence the process. Analyzes of superior calorific power, immediate chemical analyzes, infrared and elementary analysis were carried out, in order to evaluate the energetic potential of this material. A good level of higher calorific value was observed, 4309.50 kcal kg-1, in addition to low ash content, 0.95%, factors that may explain the great use of sugarcane bagasse for direct energy generation, mainly in industry. Keywords: Waste. Sugarcane. Energy source.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pinus spp needles and evaluation of their potential use for energy

CERNE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graciela Inés Bolzon de Muñiz ◽  
Elaine Cristina Lengowski ◽  
Silvana Nisgoski ◽  
Washington Luis Esteves de Magalhães ◽  
Valcineide Tanobe de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Gross Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Potential Use

The demand for new energy sources is growing and awakening interest in the use of forest residues. Charcoal was prepared at carbonization temperatures of 500 ºC, 600 °C and 700 °C in order to evaluate the potential use of Pinus sp needles for energy. The anatomical and chemical characteristics of the needles and the charcoal produced were also evaluated. The needles were found to have ash content of 2.32% and gross calorific value of 20.30 MJ/kg. The calorific value increased by 45%, reaching 29.64 MJ/kg, after carbonization carried out at 600 ºC. This value is higher than that for charcoal made from eucalyptus (19.25 MJ/kg) and even coconut husks (23.55 MJ/kg), showing the high energy potential of these needles.

scholarly journals Characterization of boiler ashes from sugarcane mill

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Sheyla Thays Vieira Barcelos ◽  
Ismael Plácido Tomielis ◽  
Marli Da Silva Garcia ◽  
Marney Pascoli Cereda
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Generation Efficiency ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Calorific Power ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
Superior Calorific Value

Sugarcane mills produce sugar and ethanol and have always used bagasse as fuel to generate energy for self-consumption. Recently some mills have been also producing surplus electricity to sell in the market a third product from sugarcane. Although any boiler can be efficient, the sale of electricity has stimulated the improvement of the burning process. However, the investment in high-pressure boilers, much more expensive than any common boiler, is essential for the exportation of electricity. Among the 22 sugarcane mills from Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, only 12 power plants sell electricity to the grid. The power generation efficiency depends on the pyrolysis in boilers, which results in ashes that match the unburned mineral fraction of the fuel as oxide. Both the bagasse and the straw are composed predominantly of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose with calorific power near to the wood at the same moisture content. However the bagasse leaves the mill with about 50% of moisture while the straw reaches the industry with about 15% of humidity. This paper characterize the ashes samples from burned bagasse from seven sugarcane mills at Mato Grosso do Sul Brazilian state, to compare the methodology available for use to measure the efficiency of the pyrolysis system. Among these sugarcane mills only two are highlighted by their higher burning efficiency, both of them selling electricity, while the others showed unburned portions characterizing an inefficient system. For these industries the ash content in the ashes showed values compatible with the Superior Calorific Value as an efficiency index for the combustion degree in boilers.

scholarly journals Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel Production from Municipal Solid Waste: The Case Studies in Latvia and Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Dace Âriņa ◽  
Rūta Bendere ◽  
Gintaras Denafas ◽  
Jānis Kalnačs ◽  
Mait Kriipsalu
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe authors determined the morphological composition of refuse derived fuel (RDF) produced in Latvia and Lithuania by manually sorting. The parameters of RDF (moisture, net calorific value, ash content, carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulphur, chlorine, metals) was determined using the EN standards. Comparing obtained results with data from literature, authors have found that the content of plastic is higher but paper and cardboard is lower than typical values. Results also show that the mean parameters for RDF can be classified with the class codes: Net heating value (3); chlorine (3); mercury (1), and responds to limits stated for 3rd class of solid recovered fuel. It is recommended to separate biological waste at source to lower moisture and ash content and increase heating value for potential fuel production from waste.

Potential for pellet manufacturing with wood waste from construction in Costa Rica

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 886-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzerrath Rivera-Tenorio ◽  
Roger Moya
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Pellet Quality ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The construction sector in Costa Rica produces approximately 100 kg per square meter of residues, of which wood waste comprises 30%. Utilization of these wastes is still limited, but options are being sought and biomass is one of them. The aim of this work was to evaluate the characteristics of biomass produced from wood waste from construction, its energy potential, and its appropriateness for pellet manufacturing by determining its energy, physical, and mechanical characteristics. It was found that wood waste from construction is composed of different species with densities below 0.5 g/cm3, 26% moisture content, and 10% ash content; contamination with cement and nails can reach 6%. The process of pellet manufacturing can adapt adequately to using wood waste from construction, with an efficiency or yielding of 33%. Pellets presented a calorific value of 19573 kJ/kg, a bulk density of 1.25 g/cm3, an apparent density of 700 kg/m3, a failure force in compression of 467 N, and durability of 94.28%. According to different standards, the results obtained for biomass from wood waste are within the range established for pellet quality; therefore, wood waste from construction can be used to produce pellets, despite the disadvantage of it presenting high ash content.

scholarly journals Energy potential of residual maize biomass at different spacings and nitrogen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Ambrosio ◽  
Volnei Pauletti ◽  
Gabriel Barth ◽  
Fabrício Pinheiro Povh ◽  
Dimas Agostinho da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Narrow Row

ABSTRACT Agricultural residual biomass is an important source of energy, and its production and quality vary according to the crop management. This study aimed to assess the effects of plant distribution and nitrogen fertilization on the energy production potential of the biomass of maize cultivated under no tillage. The field experiment was installed in southeast Brazil using five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) and two inter-row spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). Grain yield, residual biomass productivity, and bioenergy potential in different parts of the plant (grain, stalk+leaf, husk, and cob) were assessed. No change in grain yield was observed using narrow row spacing. Stalk+leaf and husk productivity was higher using 0.8 m than using 0.4 m of inter-row spacing. Nitrogen application resulted in increased grain yield and biomass productivity. Nitrogen influences the bioenergy potential by increasing the biomass and calorific value. Application of the maximum nitrogen fertilization rate is recommended for grain yield considering the use of only the husk and cob can generate 2712 kWh ha-1 of bioenergy.

scholarly journals UTILIZATION OF COAL BOTTOM ASH AS BRIQUETTE MATERIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Ninis Hadi Haryanti ◽  
Suryajaya Suryajaya ◽  
Henry Wardhana ◽  
Rijali Noor
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Wood Charcoal ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Tapioca Flour

Research has been carried out on the use of coal bottom ash as a material for making briquettes as an alternative fuel. Carbonized of rubber seed shells and Halaban wood were used as mixtures and tapioca flour as adhesives. The composition used in making Halaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash briquettes is 100%: 0%, 90%: 10%, 80%: 20% and 70%: 30%. Tapioca flour used was as much as 5%, the pressure of 150 kg/cm2 and the size of 250 meshes. While for rubber seed shell and coal bottom ash briquettes, the composition used was with ratio 60%: 40% and 70%: 30%; the pressure used was 100, 150 and 200 kg/cm2 and the size of 50 meshes. Tapioca flour used was as much as 5%. The results of the characterization of rubber seed shell and coal bottom ash briquettes were water content (4.35 - 10.65)%, ash content (12.53 - 17.26)%, and calorific value (3,597.59 - 4,549.88) cal/g. While the characterization results of Halaban wood charcoal and coal bottom ash briquettes were water content (2.947 – 4.097)%, ash content (0.383 – 26.667)%, and calorific value (4,749-6,621) cal/g. The results showed that if coal bottom ash in the composition were higher, it would increase the water content and ash content of the briquettes, while the calorific value would be lower. The recommended composition of coal bottom ash was about 10-20 %. While if the briquettes pressure was higher, the water content, ash content and calorific value would be smaller. The recommended pressure was 150 kg /cm2.

Estimación del potencial energético del gas pobre obtenido de la gasificación del bagazo de caña de azúcar en gasificadores de lecho fijo de corriente descendente utilizando el modelo cinético de tasa finita

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-41
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Language Version ◽  
The Poor ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Python Programming ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Estimación del potencial energético del gas pobre obtenido de la gasificación del bagazo de caña de azúcar en gasificadores de lecho fijo de corriente descendente utilizando el modelo cinético de tasa finita Cesar Zavala, Victor Petrell Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima, Perú. Recibido el 29 de diciembre del 2019. Revisado el 24 de febrero del 2020. Aceptado el 2 de marzo del 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2020.0004/ Resumen El propósito de este trabajo es estimar el potencial energético del gas pobre obtenido de la gasificación de bagazo de caña de azúcar utilizando gasificadores de lecho fijo de corriente descendente en Perú a través de un nuevo modelo matemático que considera el tamaño de los fragmentos de biomasa. Para este propósito, tuvimos que determinar el área dedicada al cultivo de la caña de azúcar, la cantidad de caña de azúcar producida por cada área cultivada, la cantidad de bagazo obtenida de la caña de azúcar y la proporción de humedad y residuos secos, utilizando datos estadísticos peruanos. El modelo matemático de Prokash Roy se consideró modificando las constantes del equilibrio químico y las tasas de reacciones químicas que se controlan cinéticamente a velocidad finita, porque en realidad el sistema se comporta como un cuasi equilibrio. Para este modelo modificado, la humedad del bagazo debe ser inferior al 20% pero no debe estar completamente seca. Los resultados fueron validados con los datos experimentales de Jayah. Además, se utilizó una nueva codificación en el lenguaje de programación Python versión 3.x, utilizando una plataforma interactiva llamada Jupyter Notebook, que también hace posible predecir la composición, el máximo valor calorífico inferior del gas pobre y la temperatura de la zona pirooxidación. La estimación del potencial energético del gas pobre a partir de la gasificación del bagazo de la caña de azúcar fue de 19396.6 TJ por año como valor máximo y 16843.7 TJ por año como valor mínimo. Descriptores: Gasificación, potencial energético, gasificador de tiro descendente, residuos agrícolas. Abstract The purpose of this work is to estimate the energy potential of poor gas obtained from sugarcane bagasse gasification using downward-flow gasifiers in Peru through a new mathematical model that considers the size of biomass fragments. For this purpose, we had to determine the area dedicated to the cultivation of sugarcane, the amount of sugarcane produced by each cultivated area, the amount of bagasse obtained from sugarcane and the proportion of moisture and dry residue, using Peruvian statistical data. The mathematical model of Prokash Roy was considered by modifying the constants of chemical equilibrium and the rates of chemical reactions that are kinetically controlled at finite speed, because actually the system is behaving as a quasi-equilibrium. For this modified model, the humidity of the bagasse should be less than 20% but should not be completely dry. The results were validated with the experimental data of Jayah. In addition, a new coding was used in the Python programming language version 3.x, using an interactive platform called Jupyter Notebook, which also make possible to predict the composition, the maximum lower calorific value of the poor gas and the temperature in the pyrooxidation zone. The estimation of the energy potential of the poor gas from the gasification of sugarcane bagasse was 19396.6 TJ per year as a maximum value and 16843.7 TJ per year as a minimum value. Keywords: Gasification, energy potential, downdraft gasifier, agricultural residues.

scholarly journals Energy and Emission Characteristics of Biowaste from the Corn Grain Drying Process

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Maj ◽  
Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz ◽  
Grzegorz Zając ◽  
Tomasz Słowik ◽  
Paweł Krzaczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calorific Value ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Corn Husk ◽  
Elementary Analysis ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Corn Grain

This paper presents the results of the evaluation of the energy potential of waste from the process of drying corn grain in the form of corn cobs, damaged grains, corn grain husks, and mixtures of starting materials. A technical and elementary analysis was performed for the biomass under investigation. The elemental composition of ash and the tendencies for slagging and boiler slagging were determined, and the emission factors were estimated based on the elemental analysis performed. The tests showed the highest calorific value among the starting materials for corn cobs (CCs) (14.94 MJ·kg−1) and for the mixture of corn cobs with corn husk (CC–CH) (13.70 MJ·kg−1). The estimated emission factors were within ranges of 38.26–63.26 kg·Mg−1 for CO, 936–1549 kg·Mg−1 for CO2, 0.85–4.32 kg·Mg−1 for NOx, 0.91–1.03 kg·Mg−1 for SO2, and 3.88–54.31 kg·Mg−1 for dust. The research showed that the creation of mixtures from starting materials leads to materials with lower potential for negative environmental impact as well as a reduced risk of slagging and fouling of biomass boilers. However, taking into account all the parameters determined for the biomass under study, the highest energy potential was characteristic for corn cobs and the mixture of corn cobs with corn husk.

scholarly journals Energy Potential of Agri Residual Biomass in Southeast Asia with the Focus on Vietnam

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Denisa Beňová ◽  
Kryštof Mareš ◽  
Petr Hutla ◽  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
Jan Banout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Residual Biomass

Southeast Asia currently faces a huge increase in energy consumption and serious environmental issues. A widely underutilized and still unexplored potential of these countries lies in residual biomass. In the present research, the production quantities and energy yields of the most abundant agricultural byproducts in Vietnam, i.e., rice straw, rice husks, sugarcane bagasse and sugarcane trash, were calculated. Total crop yield, residues ratio and net calorific values of the wet basis biomass served as input parameters for the calculations. Moreover, the results were found for individual regions and provinces of the country. The findings show that the production of paddy rice straw is an enormous 97 million tons per year with an energy potential of over 380 TWh, as well as another 9 million tons yearly and 35 TWh in the case of rice husks. More than half of rice biomass production is concentrated in the Mekong River Delta region. Harvesting and processing of sugarcane annually generates about 5 million tons of bagasse and over 3.5 million tons of sugarcane trash with the total energy potential of about 27 TWh, which is primarily available in the central regions of Vietnam. The detailed laboratory determination of fuel-energy properties of studied materials, such as gross and net calorific value, volatile matter, ash and moisture content and contents of chemical elements was also carried out. Based on the research results and literature analysis, the possibilities of biofuel production and energy utilization of the above-mentioned residues are discussed.

Fuel Briquettes from Sisal Waste in Thailand

2017 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 168-171
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Amornrat Pigoolthong
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The research aims to develop fuel briquettes from sisal waste material mixed with bagasse. Sisal wastes were collected from Hub Kapong Royal Project Phetchaburi Province Thailand. These material were mixed according to the ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 respectively. Characterization of physical and chemical properties of fuel briquettes were determined by percentage moisture content, percentage ash content, percentage volatile matter, percentage fixed carbon, and calorific value with the standard number ASTM 3173, ASTM D 3175, ASTM D 3174, ASTM D 3177 and ASTM D 3286 respectively. The results show that percentage moisture content values of 9.98 - 18.14, percentage volatile matter values of 42.59 - 68.04, percentage ash content values of 16.05 -25.41, percentage fixed carbon values of 5.93 - 13.86 and calorific values of 1,820.52 - 2,485.19 kcal/kg. Fuel briquettes to be used as a fuel substitute for firewood and charcoal.

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