scholarly journals Procesamiento del Té Verde, enriquecido con Vitamina C y Superóxido Dismutasa para la obtención de una bebida funcional antioxidante / Processing of Green Tea, enriched with Vitamin C and Superoxide dismutase for the obtainment of an antioxidant functional Drink

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Carlos Rivera Loja ◽  
Maria Carrillo Rodriguez ◽  
Nibia Novillo Luzuriaga ◽  
Roddy Peñafiel Leon ◽  
Fernando Landines Vera
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Functional Drink ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Superóxido Dismutasa

Existen estudios que analizan el impacto de los antioxidantes frente a los radicales libres, los cuales neutralizan el exceso de los mismos para proteger las células de sus efectos dañinos y prevenir el desarrollo de enfermedades. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la elaboración de una bebida funcional a base de té verde, a la cual se añadió Superóxido Dismutasa y Vitamina C, con el fin de determinar el efecto antioxidante. Se estudiaron los principales componentes antioxidantes del té verde. Una vez elaborado el producto se valoró su estabilidad, natural y acelerada, con resultados dentro de los rangos establecidos. Se usó como instrumento de análisis el HPLC, para la determinación de Superóxido Dismutasa y para la valoración de ácido ascórbico se usó el método volumétrico, ambos establecidos en la Farmacopea de los Estados Unidos (USP). Se concluye que es posible desarrollar la bebida, debido a que la estabilidad de la SOD fue adecuada para el producto desarrollado a lo largo de los tres meses de su estudio. ABSTRACTThere are studies that analyze the impact of antioxidants against free radicals which neutralize their excess, to protect cells from its harmful effects and prevent the development of disease. In this paper, the results of the development of a functional drink based on green tea, which was added with superoxide dismutase and vitamin C in order to determine the antioxidant effect are presented. The main antioxidant components of green tea were studied. Once the product was developed its stability was assessed, both natural and accelerated, giving results according to required specifications; HPLC was the equipment used for determination of Superoxide Dismutase and for the assessment of ascorbic acid, the volumetric methods were used , both established in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) . It is concluded that it is possible to develop the drink, because the stability of the SOD was suitable for the product developed over three months of study.

The Impact of China on Cybersecurity: Fiction and Friction

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Control ◽  
West China ◽  
Information Technology Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
National Information ◽  
The Impact

Exaggerated fears about the paralysis of digital infrastructure and the loss of competitive advantage contribute to a spiral of mistrust in U.S.-China relations. In every category of putative Chinese cyber threat, there are also considerable Chinese vulnerabilities and Western advantages. China has inadvertently degraded the economic efficiency of its networks and exposed them to foreign infiltration by prioritizing political information control over technical cyber defense. Although China also actively infiltrates foreign targets, its ability to absorb stolen data is questionable, especially at the most competitive end of the value chain, where the United States dominates. Similarly, China's military cyber capacity cannot live up to its aggressive doctrinal aspirations, even as its efforts to guide national information technology development create vulnerabilities that more experienced U.S. cyber operators can attack. Outmatched by the West, China is resorting to a strategy of international institutional reform, but it benefits too much from multistakeholder governance to pose a credible alternative. A cyber version of the stability-instability paradox constrains the intensity of cyber interaction in the U.S.-China relationship—and in international relations more broadly—even as lesser irritants continue to proliferate.

A Laboratory Experiment for Rapid Determination of the Stability of Vitamin C

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (10) ◽  
pp. 1766-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seid M. Adem ◽  
Sam H. Leung ◽  
Lisa M. Sharpe Elles ◽  
Lee Alan Shaver
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Analysis of Stability Factors of Roadway Roof and Determination of Unsupported Roof Distance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sen Yang ◽  
Xinzhu Hua ◽  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Chen Li
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Mine Roadway ◽  
Flac 3D ◽  
Roof Stability ◽  
Analysis Of Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

To determine the impact of influencing factors on unsupported roof stability in coal mine roadway, a mechanical model of the unsupported roof was built. FLAC 3D numerical simulation was utilized to study the stability of the unsupported roof under the influence of the depth of the roadway, the thickness of the roof, and the unsupported-support distance. In view of the key influencing factors, the geological conditions of the site, and the relationship between the tensile stress and tensile strength of the unsupported roof, the maximum unsupported roof distance during roadway excavation was determined. Considering the surplus safety factor of the unsupported roof, the reasonable unsupported roof distance during the excavation of roadway 150802 was finally determined to be 2.08 m. The comprehensive roadway excavation speed increased by 62.7%, achieving a monthly progress over 500 m.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Synthetic Cannabinoid Metabolites in Human Blood in the Absence of Parent Compounds: A Stability Assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J Krotulski ◽  
Sandra C Bishop-Freeman ◽  
Amanda L A Mohr ◽  
Barry K Logan
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽  
The United States ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acid Metabolites ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Synthetic cannabinoids represent a chemically diverse class of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) responsible for large analytical and interpretative challenges for forensic toxicologists. Between 2016 and 2019, the three most prevalent synthetic cannabinoids in the United States were MMB-FUBINACA (FUB-AMB), 5F-MDMB-PINACA (5F-ADB) and 5F-MDMB-PICA, based on results from seized drug and toxicology testing. In 2018, accurate determination of synthetic cannabinoid positivity was brought into question as it was determined that the metabolites of these drug species were present in the absence of parent compounds in forensically relevant blood samples. During this study, the stability of MMB-FUBINACA, 5F-MDMB-PINACA and 5F-MDMB-PICA was evaluated, as well as the characterization of breakdown products. A liquid–liquid extraction method was assessed for recovery of basic parent compounds and acidic metabolites and deemed fit for use in this study. Analysis was performed by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS) using a SCIEX TripleTOF® 5600+. All three synthetic cannabinoids were found to be unstable when stored in blood at either room temperature or refrigerated; all analytes were considerably more stable when stored in the freezer. All three synthetic cannabinoids degraded to their respective butanoic acid metabolites: MMB-FUBINACA 3-methylbutanoic acid, 5F-MDMB-PINACA 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid and 5F-MDMB-PICA 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid. All three of these metabolites were studied and determined to be stable in blood at all storage conditions. Considering these results, our laboratory continued testing for synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in blood samples and found 83 positives (21%) for only a synthetic cannabinoid metabolite. A case report is presented herein where 5F-MDMB-PINACA 3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid was identified in the absence of 5F-MDMB-PINACA. Forensic toxicologists should be aware of the results of this study as they directly impact analytical consideration for test development and implementation, as well as interpretation of findings.

Human Capital of the Enterprise in the Context of System Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Environmental Process ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company

One of the key factors that determine the success of the company and ensure its ongoing development, adaptation to the requirements of the digital economy, is the human capital (HC) of the enterprise. In this regard, the purpose of the study is designated as identifying ways to support the integral and sustainable growth of a company based on the development of its human capital. Since an enterprise is an open socio-economic system, the methodological basis of the work is the systems economic theory, which made it possible to present the company's activities as the interaction of object, environmental, process and project systems. Based on this concept and taking into account the objectives traditionally pursued by the company, four basic functional complexes have been identified that ensure the stability and reproductive capabilities of the enterprise, the challenges that need to be overcome within such capabilities were identified, the requirements for the knowledge, skills and abilities of personnel were established. Comparison of the human resources of the enterprise and the features of the corporate tasks solved with their help made it possible to group the elements of the company's HC in a new way – depending on the impact on the noted basic subsystems that determine the integrity of the company. This systematization demonstrated the interconnection of individual elements of the enterprise's HC and the performance of the corresponding complexes. Thus, the probable personnel reasons for the lag in certain areas of the company's activity and the possibilities of their reorganization by targeted impact on the required elements of the HC were identified. Since the implementation of the proposed approach requires the determination of the status of the corporate HC, and the reliability of such a procedure traditionally raises criticism due to the objective difficulties of measurement, the article proposes a methodology to streamline the process of assessing the state of the parameters under study. The methodology is based on the ranking of HC indicators depending on the accuracy of displaying the parameters of the object. The proposed approach made it possible to determine the tools for monitoring the selected categories of human capital, ways to step them up and remedy the situation.

Studies Concerning the Stability if Antioxidant Compounds in Aronia Melanocarpa Fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Naliana Lupascu ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Dehydroascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Aronia Melanocarpa ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gum Disease

Aronia Melanocarpa fruits are high in vitamin C. Vitamin C is an antioxidant necessary for the human body to prevent scurvy, gum disease, bone and blood vessels and boost immunity. The paper also highlighted the determination of vitamin C in the Aronia Melanocarpa fruits, and studies on the stability of vitamin C in different pH environments in the process of oxidation in atmospheric oxygen. Ascorbics acid oxidation reaction proceeds through a chained mechanism. In 1936 Barron et all. [1], conducted the first study of auto-oxidation of ascorbic acid to dehydroascorbic acid. Through this research, we highlight areas where vitamin C pH will be stable.

Measuring the Welfare Effects of Country of Origin Rules: A Suggested Methodology

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1850188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Pelzman ◽  
Amir Shoham
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rules Of Origin ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Transformation Rules ◽  
The Impact

The United States and the European Union have generated dozens of bilateral Regional Trading Agreements (RTA) across the globe. All of these trading arrangements have detailed agreements on rules of origin (ROOs). Those rules are required in order to ensure that the perceived benefits of the Free Trade Agreements (FTA) are not subverted or deflected. These rules have their greatest impact on a firm's cost structure when applied to the trade of intermediate goods. Determination of the origin of final goods becomes more complicated where imported intermediates are used and the WTO 'substantial transformation' rules are implemented. There is relatively little literature on the impact of these rules of origin on trade. (Cadot et al., 2006; Duttagupta and Panagariya, 2002; and Falvey and Reed, 1998, 2002). The existing literature hypothesizes that these rules can easily be used to restrict or suppress trade between countries, or to divert trade away from more efficient suppliers to less efficient ones. The empirical evidence to support the trade distortions is based on the number and complexity of the rules of origin. In order to determine the degree to which the post-RTA trade flows are indeed affected by ROO requires a micro-based review of increased transaction costs, rather than the number of rules. The intent of this paper is to suggest a formal methodology, which relies on the literature about tariff-equivalents, to evaluate rules of origin requirements. The suggested approach, applied at the 5-digit HS level will provide a more robust evaluation of ROOs. The suggested methodology could also be used to investigate the oft-asserted hypothesis that with time and reduced tariff barriers, the costs associated with ROOs will diminish.

scholarly journals Determination of Water Retention Properties of Silty Sands by Means of Combined Commercial Techniques

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Elisa Ponzoni ◽  
Alessandra Nocilla ◽  
Cristina Jommi
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Strength ◽  
Recent Increase ◽  
A Priority ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Water Retention Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Origin

A recent increase in frequency and severity of exceptional climatic events is of concern for the stability of natural and artificial slopes. These undergo continuous evaporation and infiltration cycles, which change the suction distribution and trigger shrinkage, swelling, cracking, and surficial erosion, overall decreasing the soil strength. To assess the impact of these climatic stresses, the determination of water retention properties is a priority. Although advanced techniques have been proposed in the last few decades to this end, simpler commercially available techniques allow collecting data for a larger number of samples in a shorter time, thus enabling a basic description of the water retention properties for a larger database of soils. Data on two silty sands, coming from very different climatic environments in Europe, were collected with a combination of two simple commercial devices, and the results were modelled with a van Genuchten’s law. The fitted parameters were found to correlate well with the amount of fines, irrespective of the different origin and composition of the two soils. Eventually, the limitation of the approach is discussed based on the results of cyclic drying–wetting tests.

scholarly journals The Effect of Vitamin C Addition on Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) Stability in Green Tea Solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Alief Putriana Rahman ◽  
Djoko Agus Purwanto ◽  
Isnaeni Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Green Tea Catechin ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Background: Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant green tea catechin with a powerful antioxidant effect to prevent cancer cells. EGCG in green tea solution is highly susceptible to degradation, this it is urgent to  increase the stability of EGCG by vitamin C addition. Vitamin C can regenerate radical EGCG to be normal EGCG. Objective: This research aim was to determine percent of decreased level of EGCG before and after vitamin C addition. Methods: This paper was focused on enhancing the stability of EGCG by 1 mg (GTVC1), 1.5 mg (GTVC2), 2 mg (GTVC3), 2.5 mg (GTVC4) and 3 mg (GTVC5) of vitamin C addition to 10 g/L of green tea solution concentration. Evaluations of EGCG were conducted at 0 days, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 4 days of storage time. EGCG was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC) densitometry methods. The stability of EGCG was determined by % of decreased EGCG. Results: Percent of loss of EGCG in GT, GTVC1, GTVC2, GTVC3, GTVC4 and GTVC5 after 4 days storage were 19.93%, 10.89%, 21.08%, 18.18%, 28.56%, and 9.76%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that in 4 days storage, the decreased level of EGCG in green tea solution with 3 mg of vitamin C addition (GTVC5) was 9.76% which was smaller than green tea solution without vitamin C addition (GT) which EGCG decreasing 19.93%.

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