scholarly journals Pengaruh insektisida golongan organofosfat terhadap benih ikan nila gift (Oreochromis niloticus, Bleeker): analisis histologi hati dan insang

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamin Jamin ◽  
Erlangga Erlangga
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cell Degeneration ◽  
Exposed Fish

Insektisida golongan organofosfat telah digunakan secara ekstensif dalam bidang pertanian untuk mengontrol hama dan meningkatkan hasil produksi pertanian guna memenuhi permintaan bahan pangan yang tinggi akibat pertumbuhan populasi penduduk yang cepat. Akan tetapi walaupun penggunaan pestisida golongan organofosfat secara nyata telah menigkatkan hasil produksi pertanian, penggunaannya yang tidak terkontrol dapat membahayakan berbagai organisme akuatik dan dapat mengakibatkan efek negatif jangka panjang terhadap lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi golongan organofosfat (0,0002 ml/L, 0,0004 ml/L dan 0,0005 ml/L Parathion 25%) terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan histologi jaringan hati dan insang benih ikan nila GIFT (Oreochromis niloticus, Bleeker). Benih ikan nila yang telah terpapar dengan berbagai konsentrasi pestisida tersebut menunjukkan beberapa gejala klinis diantaranya: kesulitan respirasi, perubahan warna tubuh menjadi lebih hitam, warna mata dan insang terlihat pucat, kehilangan keseimbangan dan berenang tidak beraturan sebelum kematian. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan semakin tinggi konsentrasi pestisida yang diberikan mengakibatkan semakin rendahnya kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila. Kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila yang dipapar dengan konsentrasi pestisida tertinggi (0,0005 ml/L) adalah 6,67%. Selama penelitian ini berlangsung, kelangsungan hidup benih ikan nila yang digunakan sebagai kontrol negatif adalah 100%. Pengamatan histologi jaringan hati dan insang memperlihatkan beberapa kerusakan jaringan akibat paparan Parathion, diantaranya: hemoragi, vakuola, degenerasi sel, telangiaktasis, dan hiperplasia dan kongesti jaringan insang. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa pestisida organofosfat khususnya Parathion 25% memiliki efek negatif terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan mengakibatkan perubahan histologi jaringan hati dan insang benih ikan nila GIFT.Insecticides such as organophosphates, have been used extensively in agriculture to control pest and improve crop yield to meet the high demand for food needed by the fast growing population. However, even though the use of organophosphate pesticides has been substantially increased agriculture crops, indiscriminate use of this chemical substance may cause harmful effects on aquatic organisms and may contribute long-term effects in aquatic environment. The purpose of this current study was to evaluate the effects of commercial organophosphate pesticide (Parathion 25%) on the survival and histopathological changes of GIFT (Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia) Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Bleeker) juveniles following exposure to varying concentrations of the toxicant (0.0002 ml/L, 0.0004 ml/L and 0.0005 ml/L, respectively). Following exposure to this pesticide, exposed fish were observed to exhibit some clinical signs including respiratory distress (such as gasping in air), darkened body color, opaque eyes and pale gills. Loss of balance and erratic swimming prior to death were also observed. As the concentration of pesticide increased, the survival rate of exposed fish reduced. This study found that at the highest concentration given (0.0005 ml/L) resulted in 6.67% survival of exposed fish. In the contrary, none of negative control fish were died during the period of this experiment. The histological observation of liver and gill tissues of exposed fish showed a deleterious effect of Parathion ranged from hemorrhage, vacuolization, cell degeneration, telangiectasia, hyperplasia and congestion of gills. This study provides more evidence that organophosphate pesticide, particularly Parathion 25%, has negative side effects on the survival and causes histological changes in liver and gills tissues of GIFT Nile tilapia juveniles.

scholarly journals Effect of sub-lethal lead exposure at different salinities on osmoregulation and hematological changes in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma’dan Haikal Adhim ◽  
Ahmad Zainuddin ◽  
Trisnadi Widyaleksono Catur Putranto ◽  
Bambang Irawan ◽  
Agoes Soegianto
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Hematological Changes

Abstract The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of sub-lethal lead concentrations on serum osmolality, Na+ and Cl− levels, and hematological parameters in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.) at different salinity levels. The serum osmolalities (SO) were not significantly different at any of the salinity levels in the control fish, while in Pb-exposed fish the SO increased with increasing salinity. The concentrations of serum Na+ and Cl− in both the control and Pb-exposed fish increased with increasing salinity. The levels of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) in the control fish were not significantly different at any of the salinity levels. Meanwhile, the levels of RBC, Hb, and Ht in Pb-exposed fish increased with increasing salinity levels. The levels of RBC (at 0 and 5 ppt) and Ht (at 0, 5 and 10 ppt) in Pb-exposed fish were lower than in the control fish. The levels of Hb in Pb-exposed fish were lower than in the control fish at all salinity levels. The levels of WBC in the control fish increased with increasing salinity, while its levels in the Pb-exposed fish decreased with increasing salinity. The levels of WBC in the Pb-exposed fish were higher than in the control fish at 0 and 5 ppt.

scholarly journals Microplastics induced endocrine disruption, alteration in testicular tissue in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) pre-fed on Amphora coffeaeformis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania F. Ismail ◽  
Norhan E. Saleh ◽  
Alaa El-Din H. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruption ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
Amphora Coffeaeformis

Abstract This study examines the potential defending effects of the diatom, Amphora coffeaeformis, as a feed additive against the deleterious effects (mainly on gonads) caused by microplastics (MPs) in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromes niloticus. Male tilapia groups were pre-fed diets with four different supplementation levels of A. coffeaeformis (0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5%) for 70 days, then were exposed to 10 mg/L MPs for 15 days. The results showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher numbers of erythrocytes, but significant decreases (p < 0.05) in the number of RBCs, Hb, Ht, platelets, and eosinophil percentages. Testicular histological degenerative changes and testis-ova were found in the MPs-exposed fish. Thus, A. coffeaeformis supplementation displayed ameliorative properties that detoxified the negative effects of MPs. This study provides a better understanding of the reproductive injuries caused by MPs and provides evidence for the use of A. coffeaeformis as a natural remedy in freshwater tilapia.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Probiotik, Prebiotik dan Sinbiotik melalui Pakan untuk Meningkatkan Respon Imun dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus yang Diinfeksi Streptococcus agalactiae (Application of Probiotic, Prebiotic and Synbiotic through Feed for Increasing Immune Response and Survival Rate of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Infected by Streptococcus agalactiae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
Widanarni Widanarni ◽  
Achmad Farouq ◽  
Munti Yuhana
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Test Fish

In this study, fish feed supplemented by probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic were applied to enhance the immune response and survival rate of the fish against Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Treatments used in this study, were as follows: feed containing 1% (v/v) of probiotic (C), feed containing 2% (v/v) of prebiotic (D) and feed containing mixed of 1% (v/v) of probiotic + 2% (v/v) of prebiotic (E, defined as synbiotic). Control fish (both positive, A; and negative, B; treatments) were fed by fish feed without containing neither probiotic nor prebiotic. In this study, test fish used monosex (all male) red tilapia with the average of body weight of 13,43±2,97 gram. The fish were fed by supplemented feed within first 30 days pre injection. After that, the treated fish were challenged by 109 CFU/ml of S. agalactiae. Nile tilapia fed by synbiotic (treatment E) had higher immune response (haemoglobin, neutrofil, and phagocyte indices) than control, but were not significantly different than those of treatment C, and D. After challenged test by S. agalactiae, treatment C, D and E resulted significantly higher resistance than that of control. The survival rate of fish fed by supplemented feed containing probiotic (C), prebiotic (D) and synbiotic (E) were 76%, 76% and 80%, respectively; higher than than positive control (50%). The results showed that addition of probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic in fish feed could increase immune response and survival rate against S. agalactiae.Keywords : tilapia, probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, Streptococcus agalactiae

scholarly journals Responses of monosex nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to intraperitoneal challenge by Streptococcus iniae after vaccination with ghosts of the bacterium

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M M Hossain ◽  
A Ehsan ◽  
M A Rahman ◽  
M B R Chowdhury ◽  
M Haq
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Streptococcus Iniae ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Vaccine Potential ◽  
Serum Agglutination ◽  
Promising Type

The vaccine potential of Streptococcus iniae ghosts produced by gene E mediated lysis was investigated using tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia immunized with S. iniae ghosts (SIG) and formalin killed S. iniae (FKC) vaccines showed significantly higher serum agglutination titres than control fish. Fish immunized with SIG showed no significant differences with fish immunized with FKC in serum agglutination titres, but showed significantly higher bactericidal activity than fish immunized with FKC. Furthermore, fish immunized with SIG showed higher protection than fish immunized with FKC. As this promising type of a non-living whole cell envelope preparation seems to be favorable over conventional vaccines, we suggest S. iniae ghosts as a new vaccine candidate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bvet.v29i1.11889 Bangl. vet. 2012. Vol. 29, No. 1, 31-37     

Antioxidant potential of bulk and nanoparticles of naringenin against cadmium-induced oxidative stress in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 392-402
Author(s):  
Nouf Abdallah Mreat Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Promy Virk ◽  
Awatif Hendi ◽  
Manal Awad ◽  
Mai Elobeid
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hepatic Metallothionein

Abstract The study assessed the attenuating effect of citrus flavonone, naringenin, and its nanoformulation against cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Nanoparticles of naringenin (NNn) were synthesized; size 165.1 nm (PDI 0.396) in variable shapes; cluster widespread, spherical accumulated, and tubular bacillary. Parallel, mature male Nile tilapia (n = 120 fish) were used for the exposure study. Group I was negative control. The groups II, III, and IV were exposed to 5 ppm of cadmium chloride monohydrate (CdCl2·H2O) for 21 days. Group III was treated with bulk naringenin (BNn) (3 ppm) and group IV was treated with NNn (3 ppm). Group V was exposed only to NNn (3 ppm). Cd-induced oxidative stress was evident from a significant increase in the hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and modulation of antioxidant enzymes in the liver and kidney. A significant increase in the hepatic metallothionein and HSP70 levels in the gills was observed. Treatment with both BNn and NNn significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reversed the Cd-induced alterations. However, the protective effect of nano naringenin was more profound on the bioaccumulation of Cd in liver and levels of HSP70 in the gills. These key findings could add to the commercial exploitation of naringenin and its nanosized form as a dietary therapeutic molecule.

scholarly journals Mass mortality of Nile tilapia caused by co-infection with Enterogyrus spp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalinae) and Aeromonas jandaei following transport stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio Mateus Assane ◽  
Karen Dayana Prada-Mejia ◽  
Sílvia Umeda Gallani ◽  
Natasha Fernandes Weiser ◽  
Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
First Report ◽  
Dead Fish ◽  
Transport Stress ◽  
Monogenean Infection

Monogenean infection of the internal organs is extremely rare when compared to external infections. This study describes mass mortality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) originating from co-infection with Enterogyrus spp. and Aeromonas jandaei following transport stress. The first fish deaths occurred on day 1 post-transport, while cumulative mortality reached approximately 90% by day 10 post-stocking. An atypical amount of pale (whitish) faeces floating on the surface of the water as well as typical clinical signs of motile Aeromonas septicemia, were reported. Adult monogeneans and countless eggs of monogeneans were found in the stomachs and the intestines of both moribund and dead fish, respectively. Two strains of A. jandaei were isolated from the kidneys. Scanning electron microscope microphotographs of the stomach revealed the presence of numerous monogeneans penetrating deep into the gastric tissue, and diffuse lesions filled with bacilliform bacteria. This is the first report of co-infection by Enterogyrus spp. and A. jandaei in Nile tilapia and the first report of E. coronatus, E. foratus, and E. malbergi parasitizing tilapia in Brazil. These findings indicate that synergic co-infection by Monogenean stomach parasites (E. coronatus, E. foratus, and E. malbergi) and A. jandaei may induce high mortalities in tilapia following transport stress.

scholarly journals The ability of probiotics to ameliorate blood and gonad damage caused by copper toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 2964-2970
Author(s):  
Alfiah Hayati ◽  
Manikya Pramudya ◽  
Hari Soepriandono
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Gonadosomatic Index ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

Background and Aim: Industrial waste, such as heavy metals, is a major source of water pollution; at high levels, such pollution can reduce river water quality to the extent that it becomes unsuitable for aquaculture of freshwater fish. This study aimed to focus on the effects of copper (Cu) exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and specifically the ability of Lactobacillus-based probiotics supplementation in fish feed to ameliorate damage to gonads and negative effects on red blood cells (RBCs), whole blood cells (WBCs), hematocrit (HCT) levels, hemoglobin (HGB) levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels following such exposure. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Nile tilapia fish were divided into eight groups: A negative control (without probiotics or Cu), a positive control (with probiotics but without Cu), three treatments with probiotics in feed, and one of three Cu concentrations (0.75, 1.50, or 3.00 mg/L), and three treatments with these three Cu concentrations but without probiotics in feed. The probiotics concentration in feed was 25 mL/kg (1×108 CFU/mL). Feeding was for 15 days, after which the hematological parameters, gonadal (testis) structure, and MDA levels of fish were analyzed. Results: Exposure to Cu significantly (p<0.05) affected fish hematology (decreased HGB, HCT, RBC, and WBC levels) and altered the structure of the testes. However, the addition of probiotics to fish feed significantly (p<0.05) ameliorated these effects on hematology and maintained the histological structure of the gonads. Conclusion: Cu exposure at ≥1.5 mg/L affected the hematologic parameters, gonadosomatic index, MDA levels, and testicular cells and tissue of Nile tilapia. However, probiotics supplementation in fish feed helped ameliorate the negative effects of Cu on these parameters. Thus, the Lactobacillus-based probiotics used in this study were apparently able to neutralize Cu toxicity in Nile tilapia.

Acute toxicity of Jatropha curcas (barbados nut) latex extracts to Oreochromis niloticus juveniles

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
M Usman ◽  
J.A Umaru ◽  
A.A Kigbu
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Ventilation Rate ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Exposed Fish ◽  
Behavioural Responses

The effects of the latex extract of Jatropha curcas on mortality rate, opercular ventilation rate and some behavioural responses of Oreochromis niloticus juveniles were investigated under laboratory conditions over a 96 hours exposure period. Juveniles of Oreochromis niloticus (Trewavas) were exposed in plastic aquaria to 0.00mg.l-1 (control), 10mg.l-1, 15mg.l-1, 20mg.l-1, 25mg.l-1 and 30mg.l-1. Their opercular beats per minute, tail fin beats per minute, mortality and probit kill were determined. Symptoms of toxicosis observed include agitated swimming, loss of equilibrium, air gulping, periods of quiescence and death. Within 24 hours the opercular ventilation beats and tail fin beats of the exposed fish were significantly higher than in control fish (p<0.05). At 72 hours and 96 hours the opercular and tailfin beats in the control fish were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the exposed fish. The 96 hours LC50 was determined as 5.23 ml/l. Include significance of this study to conclude abstract. Key words: acute toxicity, Jatropha curcas latex extract, Oreochromis niloticus, haematological parameters.

Effect of diazinon, an organophosphate pesticide, on signal transduction and death induction in mononuclear cells of Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J.G. Díaz-Resendiz ◽  
P.C. Ortiz-Lazareno ◽  
C.E. Covantes-Rosales ◽  
A.M. Trujillo-Lepe ◽  
G.A. Toledo-Ibarra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Organophosphate Pesticide

scholarly journals The use of lactic acid bacteria isolated from intestinal tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as growth promoters in fish fed low protein diets

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-497
Author(s):  
Maurilio Lara-Flores ◽  
Miguel A. Olvera-Novoa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus

In this study, the effect as growth promoter of five lactic acid strains (Enterococcus faecium, E. durans, Leuconostoc sp., Streptococcus sp. I and Streptococcus sp. II), isolated from intestinal tract of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was evaluated. Eight isocaloric diets were formulated: one containing 40% of protein as positive control, and seven with 27% protein. Five diets with 27% protein were supplemented with one of the isolated lactic acid bacteria in a concentration of 2.5x106 cfu g-1 of diet. A commercial probiotic based on S. faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus was added at the same concentration to one 27% protein diet as a comparative diet, and the last diet was not supplemented with bacteria (negative control). Tilapia fry (280 mg basal weight) stocked in 15 L aquaria at a density of two per liter were fed for 12 weeks with experimental diets. Results showed that fry fed with native bacteria supplemented diets presented significantly higher growth and feeding performance than those fed with control diet. Treatment with Streptococcus sp. I isolated from the intestine of Tilapia produced the best growth and feeding efficiency, suggesting that this bacteria is an appropriate native growth promoter.

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