scholarly journals PENYISIHAN AMONIAK DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS AIR BAKU PDAM-IPA BOJONG RENGED DENGAN PROSES BIOFILTRASI MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PLASTIK TIPE SARANG TAWON

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widayat ◽  
Suprihatin Suprihatin ◽  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Tube Removal ◽  
Standard Quality ◽  
The Media

In big cities, the water quality of rivers used as the main raw water sources is getting worse and worse. That is caused by a lot of improper wastewater management systems, especially in industrial and settlement areas. As an example, the raw water of PDAM TKR Bojong Renged which is taken from Cisadane  Rives contains Ammonia 3.8 mg/l and it means that the content is not allowed to be used as the raw water for drinking water purpose. To cope with the problem, a bofiltration process can be used as one alternative to reduce Ammonia till the required standard quality.  A honeycomb tube type made plastic was the media of biofilter reactor. Operational condition was varied with HRT (Hydrolysis Retention Time) between 1-4 hours and air supply between 0-30 l/minute. The best process condition was found at 2 hour-HRT and 20 l/minute air supply and the Ammonia removal efficiency was about 65%. The linear regression equation was  ya  = -91.19xa + 77.12, where Y is for removal efficiency and the axis X is for Ammonia loading.  Keywords:  raw  water quality, ammonia, biofiltration, honeycomb tube, removal efficiency,

scholarly journals PILOT PLANT KOMBINASI BIOFILTRASI DENGAN ULTRAFILTRASI UNTUK PENYEDIAAN AIR MINUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Water Company ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Tube Removal ◽  
Tube Type ◽  
Iron Manganese

In big cities of Indonesia using river water as raw water PAM (drinking water company). The concentration of organic matter and ammonia in the raw water PAM is increasing due to industrial and domestic waste pollution. Biofiltration combination with ultrafiltration process is use as one alternative to reduce  concentration of organic matter, ammonia, iron, manganese and turbidity in raw water. In this treatment, biofilter reactor is use with plastic of Honeycomb tube type as media combined with ultrafiltration. Operational condition of treatment is variation of HRT (Hydraulyc Retention Time) between 1–4 hours and air supply between 0–30 l/min. The selected operational condition of treatment found at HRT of 2 hours and air supply of 20 l/min, with removal efficiency of concentration of organic, ammonia,iron, manganese, and turbidity are 68 %,65 %, 68 %, 67 %, and 72 % respectively.  Keywords:  Biofiltration, ultrafiltration, honeycomb tube, removal efficiency, drinking water.

Development of Air Supply Control Technology in Sidestream MLE Process by Measuring Conductivity

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Shinyo Chang ◽  
Pung Shik Shin ◽  
Yeon-Koo Jeong ◽  
Young June Choi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Control Technology ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Total Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Treatment

Objectives : This study aimed to achieve improved process performance and energy saving by developing a technology to control the air supply of an aerobic basin by measuring the conductivity in the anoxic basin.Methods : To verify whether conductivity can be used as an operation indicator of biological treatment, the correlation analysis between water quality factor and conductivity of each process was conducted by dividing into summer (methanol input), winter and autumn periods. An empirical formula was presented by briefly arranging the required air quantity formula, and a quick reference was prepared by putting air supply in the conductivity range sequentially. The performance evaluation was judged based on the removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and total inorganic nitrogen, SNR and SDNR, the change of air supply, the stability of the process against inflow change.Results and Discussion : The seasonal correlation coefficients of conductivity and water quality items were calculated in the order of ammonia nitrogen, total inorganic nitrogen, DOC, and phosphate in the range of 0.5267 ~ 0.9115. It was found that the conductivity could be used as an operation indicator of the biological treatment process with a correlation coefficient of 0.5 or more. The regression equations for the conductivity and ammonia nitrogen are secured by season, so it is possible to estimate the ammonia nitrogen through the conductivity. At the end of the aerobic basin DO was 3.4 mg/L, the nitrogen treatment efficiency in winter was the best. The aerobic basin DO can be controlled by the air supply, and it can be seen that it is possible to control the air supply and improve the nitrogen treatment efficiency by directly measuring the conductivity having a high correlation with nitrogen. An empirical formula for estimating the required air volume through conductivity and inflow is presented. A' and (B' + X') are 0.0589 (m<sup>3</sup>-air/h)/(m<sup>3</sup>/h)/(μS/cm) and –77.562 (m<sup>3</sup>-air/h)/(m<sup>3</sup>/h). The result of automatic control of air supply according to the measured conductivity of anoxic tank during winter season showed that total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency and SDNR were 8.3% and 0.007 g-N/g-MLSS/d higher than the actual plant conditions, respectively. During the automatic control period, the air supply/inflow average ratio was 36 (m<sup>3</sup>-air/h)/(m<sup>3</sup>/h), which could reduce the air supply by 21.7% compared to the actual plant conditions.Conclusions : The air supply can be estimated from the flow rate and conductivity. The air supply control technology of the conductivity-based MLE process will be able to simultaneously improve nitrogen removal efficiency and reduce energy consumption.

scholarly journals Low Impact Development (LID) as an effort to achieve a sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS). Case Study: Left Side Of Garang River Segment VI Semarang

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 07017
Author(s):  
Anik Sarminingsih ◽  
Ganjar Samudro ◽  
Aisyatul Mas’adah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Standard Quality

The Garang River functions as a flood controller and a source of raw water for drinking water. This river is divided into seven segments, and in the downstream segment VI there is intake of raw water for drinking water. The land use is dominated by built-in land, in the form of dense settlements and industrial estates. This study aims to evaluate the condition of the drainage system, both in terms of runoff and water quality, and apply the concept of LID to achieve a sustainable drainage system. The method used is the SWMM. Evaluations were carried out in three outlets. In existing conditions, channel capacity in general is still sufficient, while water quality does not meet effluent standard quality for observed parameters including TSS, BOD, COD, oil & fat parameters and Total coliform. The LID concept that are suitable are Bio retention cell, Permeable Pavement and Rooftop disconnection.The use of this type of LID is significant enough to reduce runoff by 77% at outlet 1, 98% at outlet 2 and 73% at outlet 3 and decrease in some parameters of water quality by 77% to 100%.

Effect on Bed Material Heights to the Performance of ZCBAF in the Treatment of Micro-Polluted Raw Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 2053-2057
Author(s):  
Jin Xiang Liu ◽  
Shui Bo Xie ◽  
Chun Ning Cheng ◽  
Jin Sheng Lou ◽  
Shi You Li
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
N Removal ◽  
The Media ◽  
Aerated Filter ◽  
Bed Material

The effect of bed material heights on treatment performance of pollutants from micro-polluted raw Water was studied in zeolite - Ceramics biological aerated filter(ZCBAF) technology. The test results showed the removal rate of CODMn, NH4+-N and UV254 will improve with the increase of media height, most of CODMn and UV254 were removed within the first 440mm , when the media height over 440mm, the effect of increase height is inconspicuous removal, and ammonia-nitrogen removal has evident improvement during 220-440mm. At the media height of 20mm, 40mm and 60mm in ZCBAF respectively, the removal efficiency of CODMn is 18.05%，31.6% and 38.62% respectively, NH4+-N removal efficiency is 29.78%,81.28% and 93.02% respectively , and UV254 removal efficiency is 7.81%，10.11% and 11.26% respectively under the air/water ratio of 1:1 and the hydraulic loading of 1.2m3/(m2.h). Removal rate of CODMn was decreased with the increase of hydraulic loading, and removal effect of NH4+-N and UV254 had not big influence.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Penjernihan Air Sederhana Secara Mandiri Di Level Komunitas Teori Dan Praktik

2017 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Ernawati Hendrakusumah
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
The People ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Standard Quality

PKM activity is based on the phenomenon of many people who do not get access to drinking water services (SPAM) in standard quality. The PKM Objects is a community in Cikole village Lembang district, Bandung Barat regency whose predominantly work as farmers and use raw water sources to fulfil their needs and even for drinking water direct from the surface water comes from mountain spring water, without the appropriate water treatment standards. The water from the source  accommodated through the water reservoirs and then distributed by gravity directly to each home with simple piping systems, without going through the process of screening and testing the water quality in advance. Regarding quality, the water requires the filtering, especially during the rainy season. Therefore through the PKM activity of "The Training of Environmental Sanitation Management: Water Treatment” hopes that the people, besides the understanding the standard criteria of water quality, are also able to do the water treatment through screening models / simple water purification that can be done independently by the community. The PKM activity has involved several related institutions, starting at the level community such as RT, RW, Kadus, water management, Cikole village officials and Lembang district, Bandung Barat regency.

Impact of Raw Water Ammonia on the Surface Water Treatment Processes and Its Removal by Nitrification

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Alamgir Hossain ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
Sirajul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Treatment Processes

Impact of raw water ammonia on the treated water quality and removal of ammonia from surface water were studied. Raw water ammonia and physicochemical quality of treated water of Saidabad Water Treatment Plant were analyzed for the period of one year (January through December 2006). The monthly averages of maximum (7.55 mg/l) and minimum (0.34 mg/l) ammonia-N level of the raw water were recorded in March and September 2006 respectively. During dry season raw water containing high concentration of ammonia reacted with chlorine at pre-chlorination step of treatment processes and disrupted the total treatment system. It was found from the study that when the concentration of ammonia was high in raw water the aesthetic characters such as turbidity, colour, taste, odour, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total chlorine etc. of the treated water were changed significantly. Chemical consumption is increased as a result water treatment costs is increased. To mitigate the above problems of the treated water nitrification was used for the removal of ammonia from raw water. Ammonia removal rate was monitored with some other water quality parameters during the study. In the nitrification process ammonia was removed from raw water very effectively, i.e., maximum about 98% raw water ammonia was removed during the study. Additionally other water quality factors were improved significantly.Keywords: Raw water, Treated water, Raw water ammonia, Water quality, NitrificationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1249 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 85-89

Performance of reverse osmosis and manganese greensand plants in removing naturally occurring substances in drinking water

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
O. S. Thirunavukkarasu ◽  
T. Phommavong ◽  
Y. C. Jin ◽  
S. A. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The Water Security Agency has a legislative authority to regulate water treatment systems and enforce standards with respect to drinking water quality in the Province of Saskatchewan. A number of communities in Saskatchewan which depend on groundwater as a source for drinking water have reported high levels of naturally occurring substances, such as arsenic, uranium and selenium, in their raw water. These communities continue to upgrade their systems by installing new or retrofitting with treatment units, such as reverse osmosis (RO) and manganese greensand (MGS) filters to reduce the levels of naturally occurring substances in finished water. In order to assess the treatment performance of these systems, a study was initiated to collect samples from 20 communities across Saskatchewan and analyse naturally occurring substances in raw and finished water. The study focused on the removal efficiency and the effect of parameters such as sulfate, total dissolved solids, and hardness on the removal efficiency. The paper includes discussion on the results and analysis of sampling/research studies conducted to assess the performance of treatment systems. Results showed that RO plants are effective in removing uranium and MGS are effective in removing arsenic from drinking water.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUMBER AIR PADA DESA WAINITU, BATUMERAH, AMAHUSU, DAN HALONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Lela Uyara ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Silwanus M Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Quality

The study aims to determine the quality of clean water in the villages of Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong by comparing the result of water quality analysis with water quality standard. Water quality analysis includes Physiscal, Chemical, and Microbiological parameters. This research uses descriptive method, this method describes systematics, accurate about facts and characteristic of the quality of clean water of each research location. The results showed that the source of clean water in the village of Batumerah did not meet the standard of clean water quality standards indicated by the number of E. coli and the high total coliform.  Keywords: standard quality of clean water, water quality, Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong villages   ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kualitas air bersih di Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, dengan membandingkan hasil analisis kualitas air dengan standar baku mutu air bersih. Analisis kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif; metode ini menggambarkan sicara sistematis, akurat, fakta dan karakteristik mengenai kualitas air bersih di masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air bersih di Desa Batumerah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah E. coli dan total Koliform yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: baku mutu air bersih, Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, kualitas air

Leading the City of Baltimore into the 21st Century: Flexible Treatment Solutions and Integrated Raw Water Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Manuszak ◽  
M. MacPhee ◽  
S. Liskovich ◽  
L. Feldsher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The City

The City of Baltimore, Maryland is one of many US cities faced with challenges related to increasing potable water demands, diminishing fresh water supplies, and aging infrastructure. To address these challenges, the City recently undertook a $7M study to evaluate water supply and treatment alternatives and develop the conceptual design for a new 120 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant. As part of this study, an innovative raw water management tool was constructed to help model source water availability and predicted water quality based on integration of a new and more challenging surface water supply. A rigorous decision-making approach was then used to screen and select appropriate treatment processes. Short-listed treatment strategies were demonstrated through a year-long pilot study, and process design criteria were collected in order to assess capital and operational costs for the full-scale plant. Ultimately the City chose a treatment scheme that includes low-pressure membrane filtration and post-filter GAC adsorption, allowing for consistent finished water quality irrespective of which raw water supply is being used. The conceptual design includes several progressive concepts, which will: 1) alleviate treatment limitations at the City's existing plants by providing additional pre-clarification facilities at the new plant; and 2) take advantage of site conditions to design and operate the submerged membrane system by gravity-induced siphon, saving the City significant capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Once completed, the new Fullerton Water Filtration Plant (WFP) will be the largest low-pressure membrane plant in North America, and the largest gravity-siphon design in the world.

Optimisation of coagulation and chlorination in drinking water treatment: laboratory and full-scale studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
N.D. Basson ◽  
C.F. Schutte
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Quality Optimisation

The paper deals with laboratory and full-scale studies aimed at optimising treatment processes at the Balkfontein plant of Sedibeng Water in South Africa. The raw water is highly eutrophic and contains a large fraction of treated effluent from domestic and industrial sources as well as agricultural runoff. The eutrophic nature and changing raw water quality give rise to many operational difficulties and high treatment costs as well as problems with the final water quality. Optimisation of the coagulation and chlorination processes was seen as a cheaper solution to these problems than to install advanced processes such as ozonation and activated carbon adsorption that would add greatly to treatment costs. The laboratory studies indicated that through optimisation of coagulation-flocculation and by replacement of pre-chlorination by intermediate chlorination (after primary sedimentation) most of the treatment problems could be solved and final water of the required quality produced without a large increase in treatment costs.

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